6027 
A5W7 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


of 


Otufcergitp, 


BIBLIOGRAPHICAL  CONTRIBUTIONS. 


EDITED  BY  JUSTIN  WINSOR, 


LIBRARIAN. 


35 


3STO.    19. 


THE    KOHL    COLLECTION 


OF 


nf  the 
'/.  A 
.other 


Tj'thc 


MAPS    RELATING    TO    AMERICA. 


BY  JUSTIN   WINSOR. 


fosueto 


CAMBRIDGE,   MASS. 
tfje  Liftrarg  of  ^arbatfc 
1886. 


UCLA  MAP  LIBRARY 

REFERENCE 

ONLY 

Already  issued  or  in  preparation : 

A  Star  prefixed  indicates  they  are  not  yet  ready. 

1.  EDWARD   S.    HOLDEN.     Index-Catalogue  of   Books  and  Memoirs  on  the  Transits  of 

Mercury. 

2.  JUSTIN  WINSOR.     Shakespeare's  Poems :    a  Bibliography  of  the  Earlier  Editions. 

3.  CHARLES  ELIOT  NORTON.     Principal  books  relating  to  the  Life  and  Works  of  Michel- 

angelo, with  Notes. 
irriN  WINSOR.     Pietas  et  Gratulatio.     An  Inquiry  into  the  authorship  of  the  seve  ^ 

pieces. 

_ 

5.  LIST   OF  APPARATUS  in  different   Laboratories   of   the   United    States,  available   for 

Scientific  Researches  involving  Accurate   Measurements. 

6.  THE   COLLECTION   OF    BOOKS   AND  AUTOGRAPHS,    bequeathed    to    Harvard   College 

Library,  by  the  Honorable  Charles  Sumner. 

7.  WILLIAM  C.  LANE.     The  Dante  Collections  in  the  Harvard  College  and  Boston  Public 

Libraries. 

8.  CALENDAR  of  the  Arthur  Lee  Manuscripts  in  Harvard  College  Library.  • 

9.  GEORGE  LINCOLN  GOODALE.     The  Floras  of  different  countries. 

10.    JUSTIN  WINSOR.     Halliwelliana  :  a  Bibliography  of  the  Publications  of  James  Orchard 

Halliwell-Phillipps. 
^,  •  SAMUEL  H.  SCUDDER.     The  Entomological  Libraries  of  the  United  States. 

A  LIST  OF  THE  PUBLICATIONS  of  Harvard  University  and  its  Officers,  1870- Y8So. 
i|£,MUEL  H.  SCUDDER.     A  Bibliography  of  Fossil  Insects. 
3j,LLiA'4  H.  TILLINGHAST.    Notes  on  the  Historical  Hydrography  of  the  Handkerchief 

,   h   oal  in  the  Bahamas. 

wsi.  WHITNEY.     List  of  American  Authors  in  Geology  and  Palaeontology. 
RICHARD  BLISS.     Classified  Index  to  the  Maps  in  Petermann's  Geographische  Mit- 

theilungen.     1855-1881. 
17.     RICHARD  BLISS.     Classified  Index  to  the  Maps  in  the  Royal  Geographical  Society's 

Publications.     1830-1883. 

JUSTIN  WINSOR.     The  Bibliography  of  Ptolemy's  Geography. 
1.9,     JUSTIN  WINSOR.     The  Kohl  Collection  of  Early  Maps. 

WILLIAM  C.  LANE.     Index  to  Recent  Reference  Lists,   1884-1885. 
L  Lrs'.   OF  THE  PUBLICATIONS  of  Harvard  University  and  its  Officers,  1880-1885. 
JUSTIN  WINSOR.     Calendar  of  the  Sparks  Manuscripts  in  Harvard  College  Lib 


Map 
Library 


THE  KOHL  COLLECTION  OF  EARLY  MAPS. 

BELONGING  TO  THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  STATE,   WASHINGTON,   U.S.A. 
BY  JUSTIN  WINSOR,   Librarian  of  the    University, 


*#*  This  collection  consists  of  well  -  executed 
hand-copies,  with  but  occasional  attempts  at  repro- 
duction by  fac-simile.  The  maps  are  contained  in 
a  series  of  portfolios,  and  each  is  mounted  on  a 
large  sheet  of  card-board,  with  marginal  tablets  or 
other  appendage  of  description.  Little  use  of  color 
is  made  in  them.  The  names,  legends,  drawings, 
and  devices  are  usually  in  black  ink;  the  coast  shad- 
ings  and  larger  rivers  in  a  blue  wash.  The  maps 
vary  in  size. 

Ur.  John  G.  Kohl,  a  learned  German,  and  a  travel- 
ler of  large  experience,  was  born  in  Bremen,  April 
28,  1808,  but  spent  many  years  in  Dresden.  He  had 
from  his  early  years  pursued  the  study  of  historical 
geography.  He  came  to  this  country  in  1854,  bring- 
ing copies  which  he  had  made  of  many  maps  relat- 
ing to  the  progress  of  discovery  in  America, —  some 
of  them  from  old  geographical  and  other  printed 
treatises,  and  some  from  manuscripts  of  various 
kinds  which  he  had  found  in  European  archives 
and  libraries,  public  and  private.  Using  an  appro- 
priation from  the  government,  obtained  in  1856 
($6,000),  he  prepared  this  series  of  copies,  as  the 
foundation  of  an  elaborate  catalogue  of  the  early 
maps  of  the  American  continent. 

He  also,  using  for  illustration  some  of  the  same 
maps,  prepared  for  the  Coast  Survey  memoirs  of 
the  early  cartography  (eastern  and  western  coasts 
of  the  present  United  States  and  of  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico),  which  are  described  in  the  Reports  of  the 
Survey  for  1855  and  1856.  As  the  results  of  this 
study,  Dr.  Kohl  later  printed  in  the  Zeitschr ift  fiir 
Allgcm.  Erdkunde  (neue  folge,  xv),  two  papers  on  the 
"  Alteste  Geschichte  der  Entdeckung  und  Erfor- 
sehung  des  Golfs  von  Mexico  und  der  ihn  umgebenclen 
Kiisten  durch  die  Spanier  von  1492  bis  1543,"  and 
he  confessedly  published  this  essay  as  a  part  of  his 
greater  work  made  for  the  United  States  Coast  Sur- 
vey. He  likewise  prepared,  what  is  in  good  part  an 
excerpt  from  this  larger  collection,  a  memoir  on  the 
early  cartography  of  the  northwest  coast  of  North 
America.  This  manuscript  was  later  in  the  posses- 
sion of  Professor  Henry  of  the  Smithsonian  Insti- 
tution, and  was  given  by  him  to  the  American 
Antiquarian  Society,  in  whose  library  at  Worcester 
it  now  is.  Cf.  the  Proceedings  of  that  Society,  Oct. 
1867  ;  Apr.  1869,  and  Apr.  1872. 

Dr.  Kohl  failed  to  get  from  the  government  all 
the  sanction  which  he  wanted  for  the  publication  of 
his  results,  and  so  returned  to  Europe  about  1858, 
leaving  these  collections  behind  him.  At  home  he 
became  the  librarian  of  the  city  library  of  Bremen, 
and  prepared  and  published  various  studies  in  his 
special  department ;  the  chief  of  which  were,  first, 


a  treatise  (1861)  on  the  earliest  official  maps  of 
America,  —  Die  beiden  altesten  General- karten  van 
America,  —  which  was  accompanied  by  fac-similes 
on  a  large  scale,  excellently  done,  of  the  well-known 
maps  of  1527  and  1529;  and,  second,  a  treatise  on 
the  early  discovery  and  cartography  of  the  region 
known  as  the  Gulf  of  Maine, — with  references, 
however,  to  some  adjacent  and  even  somewhat  re- 
mote parts,  —  which  he  undertook  at  the  invitation 
of  the  Historical  Society  of  Maine.  This  book, 
which  forms  the  first  volume  of  the  Documentary 
History  of  that  State,  published  by  that  society,  is 
called  A  History  of  the  Discovery  of  Maine,  and  was 
published,  partly  at  the  cost  of  the  State,  in  1869. 
It  remains  the  most  important  single  contribution 
to  the  history  of  the  discovery  and  cartography  of 
our  Eastern  coast.  It  was  illustrated  with  numerous 
sketch  maps,  mostly,  if  not  entirely,  excerpts  from 
this  collection,  which  were  used  by  him  under  the 
advantage  of  greater  knowledge  and  experience  than 
he  possessed  when  he  formed  the  Washington  col- 
lection. He  also  printed  in  1861,  at  Bremen,  a 
Geschichte  der  Entdeckung  Amerikas,  which  was 
translated  by  R.  R.  Noel,  and  published  in  London 
in  1862,  in  two  volumes,  as  a  Popular  History  of  the 
Discm>ery  of  America  from  Columbus  to  Franklin.  A 
treatise  on  the  history  of  the  Gulf  Stream  was  another 
fruit  of  these  later  labors. 

Dr.  Kohl  has  amply  set  forth  his  methods  and 
purposes  in  his  favorite  study  in  his  introduction  to 
his  Discovery  of  Maine,  and  he  has  explained  the 
importance  of  old  maps  in  historical  study  in  a 
lecture  On  the  Plan  of  a  Cartographical  Depot  for  tJie 
History  and  Geography  of  the  American  Continent, 
which  he  delivered  at  the  Smithsonian  Institution, 
and  which  is  printed  in  its  Annual  Report  for  1856, 
pp.  93-147.  Another  useful  little  treatise  was  also 
printed  by  him  in  Washington  in  1857,  entitled :  A 
Descriptive  Catalogue  of  those  maps,  cheats,  and  sur- 
veys, relating  to  America,  which  are  mentioned  in  Vol. 
III.  of  Hakluyfs  Great  IVork.  In  this  publication  he 
speaks  of  having  studied  American  maps  "  a  little 
better  than  those  of  the  other  parts  of  the  world," 
and  calls  his  tract  a  part  of  A  General  Catalogue  of 
all  the  maps  relating  to  America,  —  which  seems  to 
have  been  the  title  intended  for  the  work,  which  he 
hoped  finally  to  publish  under  the  patronage  of  the 
government.  He  also  printed  at  this  time  in  The 
National  Intelligencer  an  interesting  paper  on  "  Lost 
maps." 

Dr.  Kohl  died  at  Bremen,  Oct.  28,  1878 ;  and  Mr. 
Charles  Deanc,  who  had  known  Kohl  well  during 
his  sojourn  in  Cambridge,  where  he  had  done  much 
of  his  work  on  American  maps,  using  in  part  the 


THE    KOHL   COLLECTION   OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


extensive  collection  of  printed  maps  in  the  college 
library,  —  commemorated  him  in  the  following  De- 
cember in  a  notice  before  the  Massachusetts  His- 
torical Society,  which  is  printed  in  their  Proceedings, 
vol.  xvi.  p.  381.  Kohl's  reputation  as  a  student  and 
expounder  of  comparative  cartography  was  very 
high.  Mr.  Major,  the  eminent  head  of  the  map 
department  in  the  British  Museum,  referring  to  Dr. 
Kohl's  Discovery  of  Maine,  spoke  of  it  as  "  a  most 
admirable  work;  and  I  am  proud  to  think  (he  adds) 
that  it  was  at  my  suggestion  that  the  proposal  was 
made  to  my  learned  friend  to  undertake  so  responsi- 
ble and  learned  a  task."  Mr.  Deane  properly  says 
of  him :  "  After  the  death  of  Humboldt,  he  was  un- 
questionably the  most  distinguished  geographer  in 
Europe."  Mr.  James  Carson  Brevoort,  whose  own 
knowledge  of  early  American  maps  is  so  critical, 
accords  him  the  highest  place  among  his  contempo- 
raries; and  Mr.  Henry  C.  Murphy,  by  whose  recent 
death  scholarship  in  this  field  has  lost  a  devotee 
of  superior  attainments,  also  bears  testimony  to 
the  rich  quality  of  his  work. 

After  his  return  to  Europe  Dr.  Kohl  also  pub- 
lished at  Berlin  in  1877  a  Geschichte  dcr  Entdcckungs- 
reiscn  und  Schifffahrten  zur  Magellan"1  s-strasse  und  zu 
den  ihr  benachbarten  Ldndern  und  Meeren,  mit  acht 
Karten,  which  had  previously  appeared  in  vol.  xl.  of 
the  Zeitschrift  der  Gesellschaft  fur  Erdkimde  in  Ber- 
lin. This  also  he  considered  a  fragment  of  a  greater 
work,  which  he  proposed  to  call  "Geschichte  der  Ent- 
deckimg  und  Gcographie  der  Neuen  Welt."  He  had 
prepared  a  history  of  the  search  for  the  northwest 
passage  from  Cortes  to  Franklin  and  McClure,  which 
failing  health  prevented  his  putting  to  press.  Some 
fragments  of  it  were  printed  however  in  the  periodi- 
cal Ausland,  published  at  Augsburg.  A  portrait  of 
him,  following  a  photograph,  is  engraved  in  the 
Narrative  and  Critical  History  of  America,  vol.  iii. 
p.  209;  and  a  memoir  is  printed  in  the  Beilage  zur 
Allgemeinen  Zcitung,  Augsburg,  July  9,  1879. 

This  valuable  collection  had  for  twenty-five  years 
remained  practically  unused  in  the  custody  of  the 
Department  of  State  at  Washington.  At  the  out- 
break of  the  civil  war  it  was  temporarily  in  charge 
of  the  War  Department,  placed  in  an  apartment 
occupied  by  troops,  and  barely  escaped  destruction. 
Scholars  have  occasionally  referred  to  it,  but  they 
chiefly  brought  away  from  it  a  sense  of  its  importance 
and  of  the  want  of  a  key  to  it.  Being  in  communica- 
tion with  the  librarian  of  that  department,  THEODORE 
F.  DWIGHT,  Esq.,  the  preparation  of  an  annotated 
calendar  for  the  use  of  scholars  was  suggested ;  and 
on  his  representation  of  the  subject  to  the  Depart- 
ment permission  was  promptly  obtained  to  have  the 
maps  sent  to  the  College  library  at  Cambridge  to 
facilitate  the  preparation  of  such  a  Calendar.  Dr. 
Kohl  had  arranged  the  maps  on  a  system,  from 
which  it  does  not  seem  necessary  to  depart.  Since 
he  was  engaged  upon  this  collection  a  great  advance 
has  been  made  in  the  study  of  early  American  car- 
tography. His  comments,  therefore,  are  not  as  use- 
ful now  as  formerly ;  and  though  constant  use  has 
been  made  of  them,  the  editor  has  been  obliged  to 
exercise  large  discrimination,  as  well  as  to  rectify 
Kohl's  English,  whenever  it  is  quoted.  Many  im- 
portant and  useful  maps  have  been  brought  to  light 
or  made  public,  which  were  not  known  to  Dr.  Kohl. 
In  order  to  make  the  enumeration  as  useful  as  pos- 
sible as  a  check-list  for  the -student,  notices  of  many 
of  these  additional  maps  have  been  inserted  in  their 
proper  chronological  order ;  but  only  such  as  Dr. 
Kohl  contributes  have  had  a  marginal  serial  number 
given  to  them. 


I. 
THE   WORLD   BEFORE    COLUMBUS. 

1.  A  symbolic  representation  of  the  earth, 

heaven,    and    sun,    from    an   Egyptian 
papyrus. 

Dr.  Kohl  credits  this  to  a  hieroglyphic  papyrus 
in  the  Cabinet  des  Medailles  of  the  Bibliotheque 
Nationale  in  Paris,  and  to  a  reproduction  given  by 
Charton  in  his  Voyageurs  anciens  et  modernes. 

At  the  bottom  of  the  picture,  as  a  representation 
of  the  earth,  is  an  outstretched  human  figure,  its 
body  spotted  with  leaves.  Heaven  is  in  form  of 
another  figure,  bent  like  an  arch  over  the  earth, 
with  marks  of  stars  covering  its  body.  Among 
other  symbols,  the  goddess  Maou  kneels  beneath 
the  arch,  with  weights  on  her  arms,  indicating  the 
force  of  equilibrium.  Outside  the  arch,  on  the  left 
and  on  the  right,  two  boats  are  represented  as  carry- 
ing the  rising  and  setting  sun. 

2.  Hindu  representation  of  the  •world. 

Taken  from  engravings  which  appeared  in  the 
Journal  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  and  in  Charton's 
Voyageurs  anciens  et  modernes. 

It  represents  an  expanded  lotus-flower  floating  on 
the  sea.  A  surrounding  chain  of  mountains  (not 
shown  in  the  drawing)  separates  this  from  the  great 
vacuum.  The  centre  of  the  flower  forms  Mount 
Meru,  the  residence  of  the  gods,  and  from  this 
mountain  rivers  flow  in  all  directions.  The  leaves 
represent  the  great  peninsular  regions  of  Asia. 

3.  A.  D.  550.    The  universe  after  Cosmas. 

Taken  from  a  print  in  Charton's  Voyageurs  anciens 
et  modernes. 

A  case,  in  shape  like  the  tabernacle  of  Moses, 
gives  in  the  upper  portion  the  abode  of  the  Creator. 
The  earth  is  in  the  form  of  a  high  mountain,  round 
which  the  sun  revolves,  and  its  base  is  washed  by 
the  ocean,  arms  of  which  like  the  Persian  Gulf 
(Persicus),  the  Arabian  Gulf  (Arabicus),  and  the 
Mediterranean  Sea  (probably  intended  by  Sinus  Ro- 
manus)  indent  the  foot  of  the  mountain.  The  Cas- 
pian Sea  (Caspius)  is  represented  on  the  side  of  the 
mountain. 

Cosmas  was  a  geographer  of  the  sixth  century. 
Cf.  Humboldt,  Examcn  critique ;  Santarem's  Atlas, 
pi.  3;  C.  P.  Daly,  Address  on  the  Hist,  of  Cartogra- 
phy, p.  19. 

4.  viii.  cent.    The  world. 

A  map,  found  by  Libri  in  the  library  of  Alby,  be- 
longing to  a  manuscript  of  the  eighth  century,  and 
believed  by  Libri  to  be  the  most  ancient  cartograph- 
ical monument  known  to  us.  Santarem  in  his  His- 
toire  de  la  Cartograpliie,  etc.,  ii.  23  (Atlas,  pi.  2),  has 
analyzed  the  map,  but  Kohl,  who  does  not  say  from 
what  his  own  copy  was  made,  points  out  that  Santa- 
rem's description  does  not  wholly  agree  with  it. 

The  earth  is  a  huge  island  of  a  horse-shoe  shape, 
of  wide  arms  but  of  narrower  apex,  lying  upon  an 
ocean,  —  a  gulf  of  which,  representing  the  Mediter- 
ranean sea,  fills  the  space  between  the  arms  of  the 
shoe. 

Kohl  points  out  that  this  geographer  of  Charle- 
magne's day  did  not  know  so  much  of  the  earth  as 
was  known  in  the  time  of  Alexander  the  Great. 
Lelewel^vol.  i.,  gives  it,  and  calls  it  of  the  eighth 
century.  Jornard,  Atlas  (pi.  xiii.),  gives  a  map  re- 
sembling it,  which  he  calls  of  the  tenth  century. 


THE    KOHL   COLLECTION   OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


5.  A.  D.  787.    Spanish  map  of  the  -world. 

Kohl  says  this  drawing  is  based  on  a  tracing, 
made  by  him  from  a  copy,  belonging  to  Santarem, 
of  an  original,  which  is  a  part  of  the  Spanish  manu- 
script commentary  on  the  Apocalypse  by  an  unknown 
writer,  of  about  787.  Kohl  does  not  say  where  the 
original  is ;  but  Santarem  has  included  it  in  his 
Atlas,  pi  12. 

The  earth  is  a  parallelogram  with  rounded  corners, 
surrounded  by  the  ocean,  arms  of  which  cut  it  like 
straight  canals. 

—  ix.  cent. 

Santarem  in  his  Atlas  (pi.  3  and  10),  gives  two 
mappemondes  of  the  ninth  century ;  and  Lelewel 
Atlas  (pi.  vii.)  gives  one  from  a  MS.  then  preserved 
at  Strasbourg,  which  had  been  previously  published 
by  Mone  in  the  Anzeiger  fur  Kunde  der  teutschcn 
Vorzeit,  1836. 

—  x.  cent. 

Examples  of  this  century,  representing  an  Anglo- 
Saxon  map  and  an  Arabian  map  may  be  found  in 
Vivien  de  St.  Martin's  Atlas  dresse  pour  fHist.  de  la 
Geog.,  Paris,  1874.  The  same  are  also  given  on  a 
small  scale  in  Daly's  Address  on  the  History  of  Early 
Cartography,  pp.  zo,  22.  The  Anglo-Saxon  map  is 
in  the  British  Museum,  and  was  first  published  by 
Strutt  in  his  Chronicle  of  England,  vol.  ii.,  and  was 
again  published  in  the  Magazin  pittoresque,  1840, 
p.  267,  by  Santarem  in  1842,  and  in  Lelewel's  Atlas, 
pi.  vii.  Santarem  in  his  Atlas  (pi.  3,  4,  6  and  7) 
also  gives  four  specimens  belonging  to  the  tenth 
century. 

6.  xi.  cent.    The  world. 

After  an  engraved  fac-simile  in  Naumann's  Cata- 
logns  libronim  manuscriptorum,  qui  in  bibliotheca 
senatoria  civitatis  Lipsiensis  asservantur  (Grima?, 
1838),  which  in  turn  follows  an  original  in  a  manu- 
script of  the  eleventh  century,  written  in  the  con- 
vent of  St.  John  in  Magdeburg,  and  containing 
beside  the  maps,  parts  of  Horace,  Lucan  and  Sal- 
lust.  Cf.  Santarem,  Hist,  de  la  Cartographic,  ii.  93. 

The  earth  is  circular,  surrounded  by  the  ocean, 
and  bisected  by  a  canal-like  water,  above  which  is 
Asia,  and  below  which,  another  canal  at  right  angles 
to  the  first  subdivides  the  lower  half,  with  Europe  on 
the  left  and  Africa  on  the  right. 

There  is  a  small  sketch  of  it  in  the  Atlas  of  St. 
Martin  (pi.  vi.  no.  5).  Santarem  in  his  Atlas  (pi.  8) 
also  reproduces  it;  and  Jomard,  Atlas  (pi.  xiii.), 
gives  it,  but  calls  it  of  the  tenth  century.  Lelewel, 
Atlas  (pi.  ix.),  gives  it  as  of  the  eleventh  century. 

—  xi.  cent. 

Santarem,  Atlas,  pi.  4,  6,  and  9,  gives  other  maps 
of  this  century,  the  original  of  one  being  in  the 
British  Museum,  and  another  is  represented  as  "tire 
de  la  Cosmographie  d'Azaph." 

The  mappemonde  de  St.  Sever  found  in  a  Spanish 
treatise  by  Beatus  on  the  Apocalypse,  preserved  at 
Paris,  is  given  in  facsimile  in  the  Choix  de  Docu- 
ments geograp/iiquei  conserves  a  la  Bibliotheque  Na- 
tionale,  Paris,  1883.  It  is  placed  in  the  xith  century, 
and  accounts  of  it  are  found  in  Davezac's  Une  di- 
gression geographique,  Paris,  1870,  taken  from  Le 
Bibliophile  illustre ;  and  in  E.  Cortambert's  Trois 
des  plus  anciens  monuments  gtographiques  du  moyen 
dge,  Paris,  1877,  taken  from  the  Bull,  de  la  soc.  de 
geographic. 


Lelewel,  Atlas  (pi.  ii.),  gives  a  map  of  the  Egyp- 
tian Abul  Hassan  ali  Ibn  lunis  (A.  D.  1008),  recon- 
structed ;  and,  on  the  same  plate,  a  map  representing 
the  habitable  globe  of  this  period ;  also  (pi.  v.)  a 
reconstruction  of  a  map  by  Abu  Rihan  (A.  D.  1030) ; 
and  (pi.  vii.)  a  part  of  a  map  after  a  manuscript  at 
St.  Omer,  which  had  been  previously  published  by 
Mone  in  the  Anzeiger  fur  Kunde  der  teutschen  Vor- 
zeit,  1836. 

7.  A.  D.  1063.    The  •world. 

The  original  of  this  is  in  a  manuscript  Victorii 
Canon  Paschalis,  preserved  in  the  Sir  Thomas  Phil- 
lipps'  collection  in  England. 

Kohl,  referring  to  the  delineation  of  a  similar  map, 
found  at  Dijon,  given  by  Santarem,  says  that  its 
configuration  is  an  ordinary  one  in  the  eleventh 
century.  In  it  we  begin  first  to  derive  an  intelligible 
idea  of  the  views  and  aims  of  the  early  Portuguese 
navigators,  whose  explorations  down  the  African 
coast  harbingered  the  spirit  which  led  Columbus  to 
undertake  his  western  voyage. 

The  earth  is  circular,  surrounded  by  the  ocean. 
A  central  belt  constitutes  the  burnt  zone.  A  south- 
ern belt  is  thought  to  be  an  inhabited  region,  by 
analogy,  because  the  northern  belt  holds  that  portion 
of  the  world  known  to  geographers.  This  northern 
belt  gives  in  a  rude  way  Europe  and  Asia,  with 
northern  Africa,  as  far  south  as  the  upper  edge  of 
the  burnt  zone,  the  island  "  Meroe  "  of  the  Nile 
lying  at  this  point.  On  the  burnt  zone  is  the  follow- 
ing inscription  :  — 

"Zona  terras  fusta  quam  undige  sursum  et  de 
orsum  circum  fluit  oceanus,  qui  a  suis  duabus  ex- 
tremitatibus  oriente  scilicet  et  occidente  in  septem- 
trionem  et  austrum  ref unditur,  qua  ref usione  reumata 
id  est  ebullitiones  maris  fieri  videntur." 

8.  xii.  cent.    The  world. 

The  original  is  attached  to  a  commentary  on  the 
Apocalypse  preserved  in  the  Royal  library  at  Turin. 
It  has  been  engraved  in  Pasini's  catalogue  of  that 
library ;  and  again  in  Santarem's  Atlas.  Kohl  con- 
siders that  though  the  Turin  copy  may  be  of  the 
twelfth  century,  it  is  probably  a  copy  of  a  much 
older  original,  and  points  out  its  resemblance  to  the 
Spanish  map  numbered  5  (above),  though  the  pres- 
ent map  is  circular  instead  of  squarish.  It  is  figured 
by  Daly  and  others  as  of  the  eighth  century.  Jomard, 
Atlas  (pi.  xiii.),  gives  it,  and  assigns  it  to  the  tenth 
century.  Lelewel,  Atlas  (pi.  ix.),  calls  it  of  the  twelfth 
century. 

9.  xii.  cent.     The  world. 

The  original  is  in  the  British  Museum,  and  belongs 
to  a  manuscript  concerning  the  Apocalypse  of  St. 
John,  among  the  Harleian  MSS  no.  2799.  The 
Museum  authorities  put  it  down  under  this  century ; 
and  Kohl  agrees  with  them. 

The  earth  is  circular  surrounded  by  water ;  the 
Mediterranean,  Black,  and  Red  Seas  are  united  in  a 
T  shaped  canal,  with  the  upright  part  connecting 
with  the  external  ocean  at  the  west. 

—  xii.  cent. 

Santarem  in  his  Atlas  (pi.  4,  5,  7,  10,  13,  15,  and 
30)  gives  other  maps  of  this  century,  one  of  which 
is  called  "  dresse'e  par  Henri,  chanoine  de  May- 
ence  "  ;  another,  "tiree  d'un  MS.  Liber  Guidonis  "  ; 
a  third  from  a  manuscript  of  Lambertus  in  the 
library  at  Gand ;  and  also  a  planisphere  belonging  to 


6 


THE   KOHL   COLLECTION   OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


a  MS.  of  the  Imago  Mundi.  The  last  two  are  also 
in  the  Atlas  (pi.  viii. ;  also  xxv.)  of  Lelewel,  who  in 
his  Epilogiie  to  his  Geog.  du  Moyen  Age  gives  several 
eleventh  and  twelfth  century  "  rudimenta  latina 
geographer um";  and  again  in  his  Atlas  (pi.  viii.) 
gives  one  from  a  manuscript  of  A.  D.  1119  of  the 
bibliotheque  de  Bourgogne  at  Brussels. 

—  A.  D.  1160. 

There  are  sketches  of  Edrisi's  map  of  the  world 
in  St.  Martin's  Atlas  (pi.  vi.  no.  10),  and  in  Daly's 
address,  where  it  is  dated  1154.  Lelewel  (vol.  i. 
and  Atlas,  pi.  x.,  xi.,  and  xii.)  gives  it,  and  dates  it 
1 1 54 ;  and  he  also  gives  a  "  tabula  rotunda  Rogeriana 
restaurata." 

It  is  circular,  with  a  surrounding  ocean,  of  which 
the  Mediterranean  and  Indian  seas  are  arms,  run- 
ning to  the  centre  from  the  west  and  east  respect- 
ively. The  lakes  which  feed  the  Nile  are  proto- 
types of  the  great  Albert  and  Victoria  lakes  of  our 
day.  The  map  was  made  by  an  Arabian  geographer, 
Edrisi,  by  direction  of  King  Roger  of  Sicily,  and 
engraved  on  a  round  plate  of  silver,  from  which 
what  are  supposed  to  be  copies  exist  in  the  National 
library  at  Paris  and  in  the  Bodleian  at  Oxford. 
The  latter  copy  is  the  most  perfect  and  has  been 
published  by  Vincent. 

10.  xiii.  cent.   The  world  by  Mathew  of  Paris. 

The  original  belongs  to  an  undated  manuscript, 
Flares  historiarum,  preserved  among  the  Cottonian 
MSS.  in  the  British  Museum,  and  Kohl  says  it  re- 
sembles another  map  of  the  same  supposable  age  in 
the  same  collection,  which  I  judge  to  be  one  of  those 
figured  in  Santarem's  Atlas  (pi.  14).  It  is  also  in 
Lelewel.  The  map  gives  only  the  habitable  part 
of  the  earth,  mainly  the  basin  of  the  Mediterranean 
Sea  and  its  tributaries,  but  its  features  would  not  be 
recognized  except  for  the  names.  It  has  the  follow- 
ing inscription :  — 

"  Sumatim  facta  est  dispositio  mappa  mundi 
magistri  Rob'  de  melkeleya  et  mappamundi  de 
Waltham.  Mappamundi  domini  regis  quod  est  in 
camera  sua  apud  westmonasterium  figuratur  in 
ordine  Mathei  de  Parisio.  Verissimum  autem  figura- 
tur in  eodem  ordine,  quod  est  quasi  clamis  extensa, 
talis  est  suma  nostre  partis  habitabilis  secundum 
philosophos  sed  quarta  pars  terre  que  est  triangu- 
laris  fere.  Corpus  enim  tcrre  sphericum  est." 

Santarem  has  given  this  map  in  his  Atlas,  pi.  14; 
and  also  others  of  the  thirteenth  century  (pi.  4,  6,  7, 
21 ),  including  a  planisphere  of  Cecco  d'  Ascoli,  an-  ! 
other  of  Irish  origin,  and  a  mappamonde  preserved 
in  the  library  at  Leipsic.  Jomarcl  in  his  Atlas  (pi. 
xiii.)  gives  one  preserved  in  the  British  Museum, 
and  another  called  the  Playfair  map. 

The  well-known  map  of  the  world  in  the  Here- 
ford cathedral,  an  oval  with  Jerusalem  in  the  centre, 
is  also  assigned  to  the  thirteenth  century.  It  is 
given  in  Jomard's  Atlas  (pi.  xiv.). 

11.  A.  D.  1283.    The  world  by  the   Arabian, 

Kasvini. 

The  original  is  in  the  collection  of  the  duke  of 
Gotha. 

A  circle  of  high  mountains  encloses  a  circular 
ocean,  within  which  as  a  circular  island  is  the  earth. 
The  Arabian  peninsula  is  in  the  centre,  with  the 
Red  Sea  like  a  sickle  about  it,  the  Persian  Gulf  form- 
ing with  the  China  seas  a  parallelogram  of  water 
connecting  with  the  external  ocean.  The  Arabian 
names  are  translated  into  German. 


A  fac-simile  of  an  Arabian  sea-chart  of  the  thir- 
teenth century,  preserved  in  the  Ambrosian  library 
at  Milan,  was  issued  by  Ongania  at  Venice  in  1881. 

—  xiv.  cent. 

Various  other  sea-charts,  portolanos  and  plani- 
spheres of  the  fourteenth  century  have  been  brought 
before  the  public  of  late  years.  Sea-charts  of  Pietro 
Visconte  di  Genova,  of  1311  and  1318,  preserved 
respectively  in  the  archives  of  Florence,  and  in  the 
Museo  civico  of  Venice  were  published  in  fac-simile 
in  1 88 1  and  1875  by  Ongania  of  Venice.  That  of 
1318  is  given  also  by  Santarem,  Atlas,  pi.  33.  On- 
gania also  issued  in  1881  an  anonymous  portolano 
of  1351,  preserved  in  the  Biblioteca  Mediceo-Lauren- 
ziana  at  Florence  (Lelewel  also  gives  this) ;  a  plani- 
sphere of  Giovanni  da  Carignano,  from  the  archives 
of  Florence  ;  and  an  anonymous  portolano  from  the 
Biblioteca  Marciana.  Jomard,  in  his  Atlas  (pi.  xi.), 
gives  a  "  Carte  Marine  "  of  the  fourteenth  century, 
the  property  of  a  Pisan  family.  A  facsimile  is  in- 
cluded in  Choix  de  documents  geographiques  conserve's 
<J  la  Bibliotheque  Nationale,  Paris,  1883.  Jomard  also 
gives  (pi.  xiii.)  a  map  of  near  the  end  of  the  century. 
A  map  from  the  Chronicle  of  St.  Denis  (1364-1372) 
in  the  Ste.  Genevieve  library  at  Paris,  is  given  in 
Santarem  (pi.  16  and  17),  Jomard  (pi.  xiii.),  and 
Lelewel  (pi.  xxvi.). 

Santarem  also  includes  in  his  Atlas  (pi.  3,  4,  8,  27, 
36,  39,  60)  two  mappemondes,  a  planisphere  belong- 
ing to  a  work  of  Guillaume  de  Tripoli  (also  in  Lele- 
wel, pi.  xxvi.),  a  portolano  from  the  Paris  library, 
and  a  sea-chart  from  the  archives  of  Luzerne. 

Lelewel,  Atlas  (pi.  xxviii.),  gives  an  "imago 
mundi"  as  belonging  to  a  manuscript  (Prisciani) 
of  the  fourteenth  century,  in  the  library  at  Arras, 
which  had  been  published  in  1836  by  Mone  in  the 
Anzeigerfilr  Kimde  der  teutschen  Vorzeit. 

12.  A.  D.  1321.    The  world  by  Marino  Sanuto. 

The  original  is  among  the  Tanner  MSS.  in  the 
Bodleian  library,  and  belongs  to  a  treatise  Secreta 
fidelium  cruets. 

The  map  is  circular  with  the  earth  nearly  filling 
its  limits,  the  ocean  forming  the  outer  rim.  The 
Mediterranean  is  tolerably  drawn,  as  are  the  British 
islands  and  the  Scandinavian  peninsula. 

Other  maps  by  Sanuto  are  known,  and  they  have 
a  general  likeness  to  each  other.  One  of  1306  is 
given  by  Camden,  —  this  has  the  Fortunate  Islands, 
which  are  omitted  in  the  map  of  1321.  Another  of 
1320  was  published  not  wholly  accurately  by  Bon- 
gars  in  161 1  in  his  Gesta  dci  per  Francos,  and  this 
has  been  figured  by  St.  Martin  in  his  Atlas,  pi.  vi. 
no.  3.  Santarem  (Atlas,  pi.  18,  19,  20)  gives  one 
from  the  library  at  Paris,  another  from  the  library 
at  Brussels,  and  a  third  of  1321,  not  placed. 

Lelewel  (Atlas,  pi.  xxvii.)  gives  a  Marino  map  of 
1360,  as  from  a  Paris  manuscript,  Chronicon,  which 
he  says  he  perfected  by  collating  the  Brussels  copy. 
Jomard,  in  his  Atlas  (pi.  xiii.),  gives  a  map  preserved 
at  Paris,  as  of  the  fourteenth  century,  which  closely 
resembles  this  no.  12. 


13.  A.  D.  c.  1350.    The  world  by  Hygden. 

The  original  is  in  the  manuscript  Polychronicon 
of  Ranulphus  Hygden,  preserved  in  the  British  Mu- 
seum, the  work  being  a  history  of  the  world  down 
to  1357. 

The  earth  is  an  oval-like  island,  with  pointed 
ends,  east  and  west,  — resting  in  an  ocean  of  corre- 


THE    KOHL   COLLECTION   OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


spending  shape  with  some  islands  in  its  western 
parts.  Only  two  seas  indent  its  outline,  —  the  Red 
Sea  and  Persian  Gulf.  Paradise  is  the  extreme  east- 
ern apex. 

The  map  is  examined  by  Santarem  in  his  Histoire, 
iii.  82. 


14.  A.  D.  c.  1350.    The  world  by  Hygden. 

The  original  is  also  in  the  manuscript  named 
under  no.  13. 

Its  delineation  is  much  more  elaborate.  The 
shape  is  oval,  with  the  longest  diameter  east  and 
west.  The  surrounding  ocean  is  filled  with  islands. 
The  Mediterranean  and  Indian  seas  are  rudely  de- 
lineated. Cf.  Santarem,  Hist,  de  la  Cartographic, 
iii.  p.  3. 

St.  Martin  (Atlas,  pi.  vi.  no.  4)  and  Lelewel  date 
it  1360.  It  is  also  included  in  Santarem's  Atlas 
(pi.  9).  It  was  figured  in  the  Magasin  pittoresque 
(1849),  and  from  this  Lelewel  copied  it,  in  his  Atlas 
(pi.  xxv.). 

This  copy  of  Kohl's  reproduction  is  without 
notes;  a  second  copy,  14*,  has  notes,  and  is  put 
"about  1360." 


15.  A.D.  1367.    Atlantic  islands  by  the  broth- 

ers Pizigani. 

Dr.  Kohl  gives  only  the  coasts  of  south-west 
Europe  and  north-western  Africa,  with  the  islands, 
which  he  identifies  with  the  Canaries,  Madeira,  and 
the  Azores,  —  considering  it  one  of  the  earliest  rep- 
resentations of  these  islands.  He  says  he  got  his 
copy  from  Jomard  ;  but  does  not  consider  it  a  good 
one. 

The  chart  has  since  been  given  in  full  by  Jomard 
(pi.  x.)  and  Santarem  (pi.  40).  Ongania,  of  Venice, 
published  in  1881  a  fac-simile  of  a  sea-chart  of  Fran- 
cisco Pizigani,  preserved  in  the  Ambrosian  library 
at  Milan,  which  he  dates  1373. 

16.  A.  D.  1375.    Catalan  mappemonde. 

This  is  preserved  in  the  Bibliotheque  Nationale 
at  Paris  ;  and  it  originally  belonged  to  the  library  of 
Charles  V.  in  the  Louvre.  It  is  "en  langue  romane 
catalane  du  xiv«  siecle." 

It  represents  the  known  world  from  the  Canaries 
to  Catayo ;  but  Dr.  Kohl  only  gives  the  Canary 
Islands  and  the  adjacent  coast. 

It  is  given  in  full  with  a  Key  in  Sophus  Ruge's 
Geschichte  des  Zcitaltcrs  der  Entdeckungen,  iSSi  ;  also 
in  Manuscrits  de  la  Bibliotheque  du  Roi,  etc.,  Paris,  vol. 
xiv.  Part  2,  p.  i  ;  in  Santarem's  Atlas  (pi.  31,  40); 
Lelewel's  Atlas  (pi.  xxix.);  St.  Martin's  Atlas  (pi. 
vii.  no.  i) ;  and  full  size  in  facsimile  in  twelve  sheets 
in  Clioix  de  Documents  geographiqiies  conserves  &  la 
Bibl.  Nat.,  Paris,  1883. 

—  xv.  cent. 

Santarem  gives  three  mappemondcs  of  this  cen- 
tury without  definite  date,  —  one  in  the  Musee  Bor- 
gia (pi.  24),  one  in  the  Medici  library  at  Florence 
(pi.  26),  and  the  other  as  given  by  La  Salle.  Lele- 
wel (pi.  xxxv.)  gives  a  map  of  the  world  as  belong- 
ing to  a  MS.  of  Sallust  at  Geneva. 

Ongania,  at  Venice,  published  in  iSSi,  a  fac-simile 
described  as  a  "  Planisfero  del  mondo  conosciuto  (in 
lingua  catalana)  di  anonimo  del  xv  sccolo,"  from 
an  original  preserved  in  the  Biblioteca  nazionale  at 
Florence. 


—  A.  D.  I4IO. 

A  planisphere  of  Pierre  d'Ailly  is  given  in  Santa- 
rem (pi.  15)  and  in  Lelewel  (pi.  xxviii.).  It  is  de- 
scribed in  Santarem's  Hist,  de  la  Cartographies  iii., 
301. 

17.  A.  D.  14 . .  ?   Juan  da  Napoli's  Portolano. 

This  gives  only  the  Atlantic  islands  from  a  porto- 
lano,  which  Kohl  thinks  represents  the  knowledge  of 
a  time  not  long  after  1400.  It  belongs  to  an  Atlas 
made  in  Venice,  which  is  among  the  Egerton  MSS. 
in  the  British  Museum,  whose  catalogue,  says  Kohl, 
assigns  the  atlas  to  1498.  "  Ilia  da  Brazil  "  is  repre- 
sented off  the  coast  of  Ireland. 


—  A.  D.  1417. 

A  map  of  the  world  belonging  to  a  manuscript  of 
Pomponius  Mela  in  the  library  at  Rheims. 

The  earth  is  within  a  circle,  with  the  ocean  sur- 
rounding it ;  and  the  Mediterranean,  extending  into 
the  land,  is  as  usual  the  prominent  feature. 

It  is  given  by  Jomard,  Atlas  (pi.  xiii.),  as  of  the 
fifteenth  century;  and  is  also  in  Santarem,  Atlas  (pi. 
22);  Lelewel,  Atlas  (pi.  xxxiii.);  St.  Martin,  Atlas 
(pi.  vi.  no.  6). 

—  A.  D.  1424. 

Santarem  (pi.  41)  gives  a  "Carte  de  la  biblio- 
theque  de  Weimar." 

—  A.  D.  1426. 

A  portolano  of  a  Venetian  hydrographer  Giacomo 
Giraldi  is  preserved  in  the  Biblioteca  Marciana  at 
Venice.  It  was  reproduced  at  Venice  in  iSSi  by 
Ongania. 


18.  A.  D.  1436.  The  Atlantic  Islands  by  Andrea 
Bianco. 


19.  A.  D.  1436.    The  world  by  Andrea  Bianco. 

The  original  of  no.  19  is  preserved  in  the  Biblio- 
teca Marciana  at  Venice.  Kohl  implies  that  No.  18 
is  not  taken  from  no.  19,  but  follows  an  independent 
sea-chart  by  Bianco,  in  which  this  portion  of  the 
large  map  was  reproduced  with  the  names  "  Antil- 
lia,"  etc.  inserted,  while  they  were  omitted  in  the 
larger  map,  —  at  least  Lelewel  omits  them,  whose 
engraving  Kohl  follows.  There  is  a  "  Carta  nau- 
tica"  by  Bianco,  dated  1448,  preserved  in  the  Biblio- 
teca Afnbrosiana  at  Milan,  and  of  this  a  fac-simile 
was  issued  by  Ongania  at  Venice  in  iSSi. 

Map  no.  19  is  given  in  full  in  Lelewel  (pi.  xxxii.) 
and  in  Santarem  (pi.  23,  43) ;  and  other  references 
are  given  in  Winsor's  Bibliography  of  Ptolemy's  Geog- 
raphy, sub  anno  1478. 

Bianco's  views  arc  of  interest  in  early  American 
cartography  from  the  deductions  which  some  have 
drawn  from  the  configuration  of  the  islands  "  Antil- 
lia"  and  "De  la  man  Satanaxio," —  two  islands  on 
its  western  verge,  —  that  they  represent  Pre-Colum- 
bian discovery  of  South  and  North  America.  Hum- 
boldt,  Crit.  Untersuchungen,  i.  413,  416,  has  discussed 
this  question,  and  pointed  oui  that  an  island  "  Antil- 
lia  "  had  earlier  appeared  on  a  map  of  1425,  and 
Davezac  finds  much  earlier  references  to  such  an 
island.  Santarem  (Hist,  de  la  Cartographie,  &•<;.,  iii. 
366,  has  fully  described  Bianco's  work. 


8 


THE   KOHL   COLLECTION   OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


—  A.  D.  1439. 

Santarem  (pi.  54)  gives  a  "  Carte  de  Gabriell  de 
Valsequa,  faite  a  Mallorcha  en  1439." 

—  A.  D.  1447. 

This  is  described  in  a  fac-simile  issued  by  On- 
gania  at  Venice  in  iSSi,  as  a  "  planisfero  terrestre 
di  forma  ellitica  di  anonimo,  in  lingua  latina,  dell' 
anno  1447."  The  original  is  in  the  Biblioteca  Na- 
zionale  at  Florence. 

Lelewel,  in  his  Epilogue,  p.  167,  refers  to  a  Geno- 
vese  map  in  the  Pitti  Palace,  which  gives  Greenland 
as  "  Grinlandia  " ;  and  it  is  also  referred  to  by  De 
Costa  in  the  Mag.  of  Amer.  History,  Apr.  1883,  p. 
290,  who  confirms  the  date,  1447,  as  given  by  Lelewel, 
though  Santarem,  Hist,  de  la  Cartog.,  iii.  p.  xix.  put  it 
1417. 

20.  A.  0.1448.  The  world  by  Giovanni  Lear  do. 

Dr.  Kohl  gives  this  map,  which  is  of  the  ordinary 
circular  form,  free  from  most  of  the  names,  which 
fill  it;  but  Santarem  (pi.  25)  gives  it  with  the  names. 
The  map  is  at  Vicenza,  where  it  was  discovered  forty 
or  fifty  years  ago  by  M.  Lazari.  Cf.  Santarem,  Hist, 
de  la  Cartographie,  etc.,  iii.  398.  A  fac-simile  of  it 
was  issued  at  Venice  in  1880  by  Ongania,  with  the 
date  of  1452. 

—  A.  D.  c.  1450. 

A  fac-simile  of  this  map  preserved  in  the  Museo 
Comunale  at  Mantua,  issued  at  Venice  by  Ongania 
in  1881,  describes  it  as  a  "Portolano  membranaceo 
di  anonimo  dell'  anno  1450  (circa)." 

—  A.  D.  1455. 

A  sea-chart  by  Bartolomeus  de  Pareto,  show- 
ing "  Antillia,"  and  an  island  farther  west  named 
"Roillo."  I  am  not  aware  that  any  copy  of  it  has 
been  published.  Cf.  Winsor's  Bibliog.  of  Ptolemy's 
Geog.,  sub  anno  1478. 

21.  A.  D.  1460.    The  -world  by  Fra  Mauro. 

The  original  is  preserved  at  Venice,  in  the  Biblio- 
teca Marciana. 

It  is  circular,  and  the  delineation  of  Asia  is  better 
than  on  preceding  maps.  Kohl  says  that  Mauro 
knew  the  works  of  the  Italian  and  Arabian  geog- 
raphers, and  the  marine  charts  of  the  Portuguese, 
which  were  given  to  him  by  Don  Alonzo  V. 

Dr.  Kohl  speaks  of  the  most  exact  copy  made  of 
it  by  order  of  Lord  Ilobart  in  1804,  ansl  of  the  re- 
production given  by  Vincent  in  Commerce  and  Navi- 
gation of  the  Ancients,  1797  and  1807.  lie  thinks  it 
was  finished  in  1460.  It  is  given  by  Santarem  (pi. 
43-49)  with  the  dates  1459  and  1460.  Lelewel  (pi. 
xxxiii.)  places  it  1457-59.  Ruge  in  his  Geschichte 
des  Zcitalters  dcr  Entdcckungcn,  iSSi,  gives  it  and 
dates  it  1459.  A  photographic  fac-simile,  issued  at 
Venice  in  1877,  by  Minister  (Ongania),  dates  it  1457, 
and  St.  Martin  (pi.  vii.  no.  3)  follows  this  fac-simile. 

—  A.  D.  1467-1471. 

Marine  charts  of  Grazioso  Benincasa,  given  in 
Santarem  (pi.  55-58). 

—  A.D.  1474- 

The  map  which  the  Italian  geographer,  Toscanelli, 
sent  to  Columbus,  and  which  influenced  him,  though 


known  to  be  preserved  in  Madrid  in  1527,  has  not 
since  been  traced.     Lelewel,  Geog.  du  Moyen  Age,  ii. 
130.     An  attempted  restoration  of  it  is  given  in  St.  \ 
Martin's  Atlas  (pi.  ix.)  | 

—  A.  D.  1475.  f 

Mappemonde  in  the  Rudimentorum  ncwitiorum, 
given  by  Santarem  (pi.  28). 

—  A.  D.  1476. 

A  portolano  of  Andreas  Benincasa,  given  in  St. 
Martin   (pi.  vii.),  and  in  Lelewel   (pi.  xxxiv.).     A  ''.. 
much  reduced  sketch  is  given  by  Daly,  p.  26. 

It  shows  "  Antilio  "  as  a  western  island,  and  the  • 
"Isola  de  Brajill,"  west  of  Ireland. 

—  A.  D.  1482. 

The  mappemonde,  in  the  edition  of  Ptolemy 
published  at  Ulm,  represents  "  Engroneland "  as 
stretching  from  northwestern  Europe,  and  it  is  said 
the  map  was  made  before  1471. 

—  A.  D.  1486. 

What  is  known  as  the  Laon  globe,  though  dated 
1493,  represents  rather  the  knowledge  of  this  time. 
It  gives  "  Grolandia ''  as  an  island  of  the  Norway 
coast,  and  has  an  island,  "  Antela."  Davezac  gives 
a  projection  of  it  in  the  Bulletin  de  la  Socitte  de 
Gcographie  (1860),  xx.  417.  Cf.  also  Davezac  on 
the  "  lies  fantastiques  "  of  the  middle  ages  in  the 
Nouvelles  Annales  des  Voyages,  1845. 

22.  A.  D.  1489.    The  Atlantic  Islands  by  Chris- 

tofalo  Soligo. 

The  original  is  preserved  among  the  Egerton 
MSS.  in  the  British  Museum,  in  a  portolano  of 
different  Venetian  map-makers.  There  is  no  date, 
but  1489  is  given  in  the  Catalogue  of  the  Museum  as 
the  approximate  date  of  the  collection. 

Kohl  thinks  the  chart  based  on  that  of  Benincasa 
(1463),  which  he  says  is  in  his  collection,  but  no  copy 
of  it  is  found  here.  "Antillia"  is  called  "  Y.  de 
Sete  Zitade,"  and  is  put  west  of  the  Azores,  and 
this  group  as  well  as  others  includes  various  fabu- 
lous islands. 

23.  A.  D.  1490.    Portuguese  map  of  the  world. 

The  original  is  annexed  to  a  Latin  theological 
treatise  (MS.)  in  the  British  Museum,  and  because 
it  marks  the  extent  of  the  Portuguese  exploration 
of  the  African  coast  in  1489,  and  does  not  show  the 
results  of  Vasco  da  Gama's  voyage,  Kohl  places  it 
about  1490.  He  says  the  language  of  the  map  is 
partly  Portuguese  and  in  part  Italian,  and  his  con- 
clusion is  that  it  is  the  work  of  an  Italian  settled  in 
Lisbon.  The  western  shore  of  Africa  is  given  with 
approximate  correctness,  —  much  better  than  in  any 
earlier  map.  A  long  peninsula  at  the  northwest  of 
Europe,  though  without  name,  seems  to  correspond 
to  what  is  called  in  other  maps  Greenland. 

I  suppose  it  to  be  the  map  given  "for  the  first 
time "  in  Santarem  (pi.  50). 

—  A.  D.  1492. 

The  Globe  of  Behaim,  preserved  at  Nuremberg, 
represents  the  best  knowledge  at  the  time  of  the 
sailing  of  Columbus,  though  Pcschel  (Zeitalters  der 
Entdeckitngen,  1858,  p.  90)  allows  Behaim  to  have 


THE    KOHL   COLLECTION   OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


been  but  a  mediocre  cosmographer.  Reproductions 
of  it  are  given  in  Santarem  (pi.  61)  and  in  St.  Mar- 
tin (pi.  ix. ),  and  in  other  places  mentioned  in  Win- 
sor's  Bibliog.  of  Ptolemy's  Geog.,  sub  anno,  1478. 
Lelewel,  who  gives  it  (pi.  xl.),  says  in  his  Epilogue, 
p.  184,  that  the  Behaim  family  caused  it  to  be  put  in 
good  order  in  1825,  after  it  had  been  long  neglected 
in  the  town  hall  at  Nuremberg ;  and  that  in  1847  a 
copy  of  it  was  made  for  the  Depot  Geographique  at 
Paris. 

24.  A.  D.  1493.    Map  in  the  Nuremberg 

Chronicle. 

This  is  a  sketch  from  the  map  in  Hartmann 
Schedel's  Liber  Chronicarum,  usually  known  as  the 
"  Nuremberg  Chronicle,"  having  been  published  in 
that  city. 

The  map  preserves  the  old  idea  of  the  connectipn 
of  Africa  and  Asia  enclosing  the  Indian  Sea. 

25.  A.  D.  1497.     Vasco  da  Gama's  route. 

Dr.  Kohl  includes  this  modern  map,  in  which  Da 
Gama's  route  to  and  from  India  by  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope  is  pricked,  to  show  how  near  he  came 
to  the  South  American  coast,  which  Cabral,  on  a 
similar  voyage,  discovered  three  years  later.  The 
route  is  that  established  by  the  studies  of  Diogo 
Hopke  and  Costa  Paiva. 

—  A.  D.  1497. 

A  carta  nautica  of  Conte  Freducci,  preserved  at 
Wolfenbiittel,  shows  an  "  isola  de  Bra9il."  Cf.  Le- 
lewel, ii.  1 06;  Studi  biog.  e  bibliog.  delta  Soc.  geog. 
italiatia,  ii.  94  ;  Santarem,  in  Bull,  de  la  Soc.  geog.  de 
Paris,  1847,  i.  p.  312. 


II. 

THE    TWO    AMERICAS. 

26,  27.  A.  D.  1500.    Juan  de  la  Cosa. 

These  duplicate  maps  represent  the  American 
parts  of  the  La  Cosa  map  now  at  Madrid.  Kohl 
copies  the  representation  of  it  given  in  connection 
with  Humboldt's  essay  appended  to  Ghillany's  Ritter 
Martin  Behaim.  ( 1853).  Humboldt  had  earlier  given 
the  American  parts  in  his  Examen  Critique,  vol.  v. 
(1839),  but  not  very  accurately.  The  best  reproduc- 
tion of  the  whole  map  is  in  Jomard's  Atlas,  pi.  16, 
and  there  are  reductions  from  Jomard  in  Stevens's 
Hist,  and  Geog.  Notes,  1869,  pi.  i,  and  (with  refer- 
ences) in  the  Narr.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  America,  iii. 
p.  8.  Other  reproductions  of  the  American  part 
are  in  Lelewel's  Atlas,  no.  41,  and  in  De  la  Sagra's 
Cuba.  Cf.  Winsor's  Bibliog.  of  Ptolemy's  Geog., 
sub  anno  1508;  the  App.  to  Irving's  Columbus  and 
Enrique  de  Leguina's  Juan  de  la  Cosa,  Estudio  Bio- 
grafico,  Madrid,  1877. 

—   A.  D.  1501-1505. 

A  Portuguese  chart  of  this  date  is  supposed  to 
be  given  in  the  map  of  the  1513  Ptolemy  (see  post, 
no.  32).  Another  in  that  preserved  at  Munich,  which 
is  given  by  Kunstmann  in  his  Atlas,  pi.  iii.,  and  by 
Kohl  in  his  Discovery  of  Maine,  p.  174.  A  chart 
resembling  these  two 'has  been  found  in  the  posses- 
sion of  the  Este  family  in  Modena,  on  which  the 
exact  date  of  1502  is  given.  It  is  described,  with  a 
facsimile,  in  Harrisse's  Cortereals  ;  and  is  also  re- 
ferred to  in  his  Cabojs,  pp.  143,  158.  The  map  as- 


cribed to  Pedro  Reinel  is  also  at  Munich,  and  is 
likewise  given  by  Kunstmann ;  but  there  is  strong 
ground  for  suspecting  it  to  be  of  considerably  earlier 
date,  perhaps  antedating  Cabot.  Cf.  references  in 
Winsor's  Bibliog.  of  Ptolemy's  Geog.,  sub  anno  1508. 

Peter  Martyr  mentions  a  chart  said  to  have  been 
made  for  the  Portuguese  by  Vespucius,  which  is  not 
now  known.  Santarem  has  pointed  out  that  the 
narrative  of  Corsal  in  Ramusio  shows  that  charts 
were  often  sent  from  Portugal  during  these  years  to 
the  Portuguese  ambassador  in  Rome. 


28.  A.  D.  1508. 


Ruysch  in  the  Ptolemy  of 
1508. 


Dr.  Kohl  refers  to  Humboldt's  introduction  to 
Ghillany's  Martin  Behaim  ;  Walckenaer's  Recherches 
geographiques  sur  I'  Interieur  de  I'Afrique  septentrio- 
nale,  and  the  Biographic  Universelle,  vi.  207. 

There  are  reproductions  of  the  map  in  Santarem, 
Lelewel,  and  in  various  other  places  named  in  Win- 
sor's Bibliog.  of  Ptolemy's  Geog.,  sub  anno  1508.  An 
original  copy  of  the  map  is  in  Harvard  College  li- 
brary. A  section  of  the  northern  part  is  given  in 
the  Journal  of  'the  Amer.  Geog.  Society,  vol.  xii.  p.  179. 
Cf.  Stevens's  Bibliotheca  Geog.,  no.  3058.  It  is  thought 
that  Ruysch  used  Columbus's  draughts. 

Harrisse,  Notes  on  Columbus,  p.  56,  thinks  Ruysch's 
map  is  referred  to  by  Johannes  Trithemus  in  a  letter, 
Aug.  12,  1507  (published  in  his  Epistolae  Familiar es, 
1536),  in  which  he  complains  that  he  could  not  af- 
ford to  purchase  a  map  of  the  new  world  for  forty 
florins. 

—  A.  D.  1510-1512. 

The  Lenox  globe,  preserved  in  the  Lenox  library 
in  New  York,  of  which  drawings  are  given  in  the 
Mag.  of  Amer.  Hist.,  Sept.  1879;  Ency.  Brit.,  x,  681, 
etc. ;  and  Narr.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  America,  iii.  p.  212. 

—  A.D.  1511. 

A  carta  nautica  of  Salvat  de  Pilestrina  of  Majorca, 
preserved  in  the  archives  of  the  Ministry  of  War  in 
Munich.  Cf.  Kunstmann,  Die  Entdeckung  Amerikas, 
p.  129;  Thomas,  Der  Periplus  dcs  Pont.  Eux.,  p.  7  ; 
and  Winsor's  Bibliog.  of  Ptolemy's  Geography,  sub 
anno  1508. 

29,30.  A.D.  1511.    In  Sylvanus's  Ptolemy. 

No.  29  is  the  western  half  of  this  cordiform  map ; 
no.  30  gives  the  whole  map,  with  minor  errors  cor- 
rected in  pencil  by  Dr.  Kohl. 

The  map  is  given  in  Lelewel  (pi.  xlv),  and  there 
are  various  references  in  Winsor's  Bibliog.  of  Ptole- 
my's Geography,  sub  anno*  1511.  Kohl's  drawings 
are  taken  from  the  Grenville  copy  on  vellum  in  the 
British  Museum;  and  he  points  out  how  the  contour 
of  South  America  is  the  same  as  that  of  the  Ruysch 
map,  while  Cuba  is  completed  as  an  island,  and 
Greenland  is  restored  to  its  earlier  connection  with 
Europe.  Cf.  Zurla,  Marco  Polo,  ii.  358. 

—  A.  D.  1511. 

The  map  described  by  D'Avezac  in  his  Atlas  hy- 
drographique  de  1511  du  genois  Vesconte  de  Maggiolo, 
Paris,  1871,  originally  in  BuKctin  de  la  Soc.  Geog.  de 
Paris,  1870,  p.  404.  'The  original  is  in  the  collection 
of  Don  Riccardo  Heredia  in  Madrid,  having  been 
bought  by  him  at  public  sale  in  Paris  in  1870  for 
1500  francs.  It  is  inscribed  "  Vesconte  de  Maiolo 


IO 


THE   KOHL   COLLECTION    OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


civis  Janue  composuy  in  Neapoles  de  anno  1511,  die 
xx  January."  It  shows  America  from  Labrador  to 
Cape  St.  Augustine.  Cf.  Desimoni  in  Giornale  Li- 
gustico,  ii.  52  ;  Studi  Biog.  e  Bibliog.  del  la  Soc.  geog.  ital., 
li.  p.  106,  and  references  to  the  cartographical  work 
of  Maggiolo  (Maiolo)  in  Winsor's  Bibliog.  of  Ptole- 
my's Geog.,  sub  anno  1511. 

—  A.  D.  1511. 

Peter  Martyr's  map  of  the  West  India  islands  and 
adjacent  coast  was  published  with  his  first  Decade, 
Legatio  Babylonica,  at  Seville,  and  has  been  repro- 
duced in  various  places.  Cf.  Winsor's  Bibliog.  of 
Ptolemy's  Geog.,  sub  anno  1513.  Few  copies  of  the 
original  are  known.  Harrisse  is  inclined  to  think 
that  it  does  not  belong  to  Peter  Martyr's  book,  be- 
cause three  copies  in  the  original  vellum,  which  he 
has  examined,  do  not  have  it.  Cf.  Stevens,  Bibl. 
Geog.,  no.  2954.  Brevoort,  Verrazano,  p.  102,  thinks 
its  publication  may  have  been  offensive  to  the  Span- 
ish government,  which  might  consequently  have  sup- 
pressed it.  The  later  editions  of  1516  and  1530  have 
no  map.  Brevoort  adds  that  no  official  map  of 
America  was /«"«/«/ in  Spain  till  1790.  The  Cabot 
map  of  1544  seems  to  have  been  compiled  from 
Spanish  sources  ;  but  it  is  not  known  where  it  was 
published  ;  and  that  but  a  single  copy  is  saved  to  us 
may  also  signify  that  it  was  suppressed  by  Spanish 
influence.  The  map  of  Medina  in  1545  was  a  mere 
sketch. 

31.  A.  D.  1512.    Stobnicza. 

A  facsimile  of  the  rare  map  belonging  to  Johannes 
de  Stobnicza's  Introductio  in  Claudii  Ptholomei  Cos- 
mographid,  Cracovia,  1512.  Kohl  used  the  copy  in 
the  Munich  library.  There  are  other  copies  now 
known,  and  for  notes  of  these,  and  other  references, 
see  Winsor's  Bibliog.  of  Ptolemy's  Geography,  sub 
anno  1512.  There  are  facsimiles  of  the  map  in 
whole  or  in  part  in  the  Cartcr-Brrnvn  Catalogue,  Narr. 
and  Grit.  Hist,  of  America,  iii.  13;  and  in  Daly's  Ad- 
dress on  Early  Cartography,  p.  32. 

—  A.  D.  1512-14. 

A  sketch  of  the  northern  and  southern  hemi- 
spheres, of  four  gores  each,  in  the  Queen's  collec- 
tion at  Windsor,  and  ascribed  by  R.  II.  Major,  in  the 
Archa;ologia,  vol.  xl.,  to  Leonardo  da  Vinci,  and 
placed  under  1512-1514.  Wieser,  in  his  filagalliaes- 
Strasse,  gives  it  a  modern  hemispherical  projection, 
and  puts  it  in  1515-1516.  It  has  lately  been  asserted 
that  it  is  not  the  work  of  Da  Vinci.  Cf.  J.  P.  Rich- 
ter's  Da  Vinci. 

32.  A.  0.1513.    In  the  Strasbourg  Edition  of 

Ptolemy. 

This  is  the  "Tabula  Terre  nove  "  of  this  edition, 
and  Kohl  points  out  that  the  names  on  the  South 
American  coast  are  carried  no  farther  west  than  the 
extent  of  the  voyage  of  Hojeda  in  1499,  and  no  far- 
ther south  than  Vespucius  went  in  1503,  while  the 
connection,  which  is  made  between  the  northern  and 
southern  continents,  must  have  been  based  on  reports, 
without  particulars. 

This  map,  supposed  to  have  been  in  some  way 
connected  with  Columbus's  own  charts  is  often  called 
"  the  admiral's  map,"  and  its  connection  with  Cabral 
and  Vespucius  has  also  been  supposed.  The  maker 
of  the  map  was  Waldseemiiller  or  Hylacomylus,  ancl 
.Lelewel  (ii.  143)  gives  reasons  for  believing  that  it 
had  been  engraved  and  sold  as  early  as  1507,  having 


been  made  at  the  expense  of  Duke  Rene  II. ;  but 
the  plate  does  not  seem  to  have  been  used  in  any 
book  till  in  this  1513  edition  of  Ptolemy.  Lelewel 
supposes  it  to  be  in  effect  a  Portuguese  chart  made 
in  1501-1504,  and  engraves  it  as  such  (pi.  43)  and  it 
is  known  that  La  Cosa  complained  of  the  Portu- 
guese frequenting  the  coast  in  1503.  Facsimiles  of 
the  map  are  given  in  Varnhagen's  Premier  Voyage 
de  Vespucci ;  Stevens's  Hist,  and  Geog.  Notes,  pi.  2, 
and  Narr.  and  Grit.  Hist,  of  Amer.,  iv.  p.  34.  Cf. 
the  references  in  Winsor's  Bibliog.  of  Ptolemy's  Geog., 
sub  anno  1513. 

Of  the  other  map  in  this  Ptolemy,  "  Orbis  typus 
universalis,"  Kohl  gives  no  copy  ;  but  a  facsimile  can 
be  found  in  Ruge's  Geschichte  des  Zeitalters  der  Ent- 
dcckungcn,  Berlin,  1881.  It  shows  a  part  of  South 
America,  with  the  islands  "  Isabella "  and  "  Spa- 
gnolla,"  with  a  bit  of  coast  to  the  north  which,  seems 
to  represent  the  Cortereal  regions.  Greenland  pro- 
jects from  Europe. 

Cf.  D'Avezac's  Martin  Hylacomylns  Waltzemiiller, 
ses  outrages  ct  ses  Collaboratcurs,  Paris,  1867,  —  ex- 
tracted from  the  Annales  des  Voyages,  1866. 

—  A.  D.  1514. 

A  map  (12  gores  of  a  globe)  found  in  a  copy  of 
\\\&Cosmographiac Introductio,  Lugduni,  and  engraved 
in  a  Catalogue  of  Tross,  the  Paris  bookseller,  1881. 
Harrisse,  in  his  Cabots,  p.  182,  has  ascribed  it  to 
Louis  Boulengcr.  Cf.  Winsor's  Bibliog.  of  Ptolemy's 
Geog.,  sub  anno  1522. 

—  A.  D.  1514-1520. 

A  Portuguese  portolano  given  in  Kunstmann's  At- 
las, pi.  iv.,  and  in  Stevens's  Arotcs,  pi.  v.  Cf.  Win- 
sor's Bibliog.  of  Ptolemy  s  Geog.,  sub  anno  1522. 

33.  A.  D.  1515.     Reisch's  Margarita    Fhiloso- 
phica. 

A  facsimile  of  the  map  in  this  book,  which  was 
published  at  Strasbourg  in  1515.  Kohl  used  a  copy 
in  the  library  at  Munich.  The  name  "  Zoanamela  " 
is  given  to  North  America,  borrowed,  Kohl  thinks, 
from  the  Paesi  nffvamente  retrovati  (lib.  iv.),  where  it 
is  said  Columbus  discovered  a  country  of  this  name. 
Both  Cuba  and  Santo  Domingo  are  called  "  Isabel- 
la." South  America  is  called  "  Paria  seu  Prisilia." 

The  map  resembles  the  "  Terre  Nove  "  of  the 
1513  Ptolemy.  The  Ptolemy  map  is  bounded  on 
the  west  by  the  edge  of  the  sheet,  which  cuts  at  the 
same  place,  where  a  scale  of  longitudes  is  placed  in 
the  Rcisch  map.  West  of  this  scale  is  "Zipagiu 
insula,"  which  is  thus  put  relative  to  the  new  lands 
in  the  same  position  as  in  the  Stobnicza  map.  The 
river  with  three  mouths,  running  into  the  gulf,  which 
is  in  the  Ptolemy  map  (thought  by  some  to  represent 
the  Ganges),  is  left  out  by  Reisch.  Others,  like 
Varnhagen,  have  considered  this  gulf  that  of  Mexico, 
and  the  river  the  Mississippi. 

There  is  a  facsimile  of  Reisch's  map  in  Stevens's 
Hist,  and  Geog.  Notes,  pi.  4.  Cf.  Winsor's  Bibliog.  of 
Ptolemy's  Geog.,  sub  anno  1513. 

The  first  edition  of  Reisch  appeared  at  Freibourg 
in  1503-  In  the  next  year  (1504)  there  were  two 
editions,  one  Schott,  the  other  Griininger,  which 
is  priced  by  Leclerc  (Americana,  no.  2965)  at  200 
francs,  and  has  a  mappcmonde,  with  no  other  indi- 
cation of  America  than  the  inscription  near  the 
African  coast :  "  Hie  non  terra  sed  mare  est  in  quo 
mira;  magnitudinis  insula;  sed  Ptolemaso  fuerunt  in- 
cognita?." Quaritch  (no.  12,363)  had  a  copy  dated 
1508,  with  the  same  map,  which  he  called  "  the  only 


THE   KOHL   COLLECTION   OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


II 


known  copy  in  which  the  map  is  to  be  found."  The 
edition  of  1515  had  the  map  above  noticed.  (Har- 
risse,  Bib.  Am.  Vet.  no.  82  ;  Additions,  no.  45,  noting 
copy  in  the  Imperial  library  at  Vienna.)  That  of 
1517  (Basle)  has  a  woodcut  map  which  is  still  differ- 
ent. (Beckford  Catalogue,  iii.  no.  1256.)  Not  till 
1535  did  any  edition  have  any  reference  in  the  text 
to  America.  Bib.  Am.  Vet.  no.  208.  The  latest 
edition  was  in  1583,  which  was  published  at  Basle. 
It  has  a  map  of  the  world  showing  America. 
(Leclerc,  no.  2926.)  It  is  priced  at  25  marks 
and  £7. 

—  A.  D.  1519. 

Portolano  by  Maiollo  figured  in  Kunstmann's  Atlas 
(pi.  v.),  in  Santarem,  and  in  Thomas's  Der  Periplus 
des  Pont.  Enx.  It  shows  the  Atlantic  coast  and  the 
line  of  demarcation.  Cf.  Studi  biog.  e  bibliog.  ddla 
Soc.geog.  ital.  ii.  p.  109;  Atti  Soc.  ligitre,  1867,  p.  92; 
Kohl,  Die  beidcn  Generalkarten  30,  146  ;  Desimoni 
in  Giornale  ligitstico.  ii.  p.  54. 

Enciso,  in  the  dedication  of  his  Suma  de  Gcogra- 
phia,  Sevilla,  1519,  mentions  a  map  which  he  had 
made  to  elucidate  his  text  for  Charle.s  I.  (Charles 
V.,  later) ;  but  it  is  not  now  known. 

34.  A.  D.  1520.    The  Frankfort  Globe. 

Only  the  American  parts,  with  Japan,  (Zipangu) 
are  given  of  a  globe  preserved  at  Frankfort-on-the- 
Main. 

Kohl  conjectures  the  date  to  be  1520  because  of 
its  correspondence  with  a  globe  of  that  date  made 
by  Schoner,  and  he  suspects  this  may  also  be  the 
work  of  that  globe-maker,  while  Wieser,  in  his 
Magalh&ts-Strasse  (p.  19),  where  an  engraving  of  it 
is  given,  declares  it  to  be  the  globe  made  to  accom- 
pany Schoner's  Luadcntissima  qiHzdatn  Terra  totius 
Descriptio,  printed  in  1515,  and  of  which  two  copies 
are  now  known.  This  at  Frankfort,  of  which  Jo- 
mard  (pi.  15)  gives  a  drawing,  and  another  at  Wei- 
mar. Cf.  references  in  Winsor's  Bibliog.  of  Ptolemy's 
Gcog.,  sub  anno  1522. 

35.  A.  D.  1520.    Schoner's  Globe. 

Only  the  American  portion  is  given,  but  without 
comments.  The  globe  is  preserved  at  Nuremberg, 
and  there  are  representations  of  it  given  in  Kohl's 
Geschichte  der  Entdeckungsreisen  zur  Magellan's- 
Strasse,  Berlin,  1877,  p.  8  ;  in  I  far  per' s  Magazine, 
Dec.  1882,  p.  731  ;  in  Ghillany's  Martin  Behaim, 
Santarem,  Lelewel,  Wieser,  etc.  Cf.  references  in 
Winsor's  Bibliog.  of  Ptolemy's  Gcog.,  sub  anno  1522. 

36.  A.  D.  1 520.    In  Camera's  Edition  of  Solinus. 

This  cordiform  map  is  by  Petrus  Apianus  (or 
Bieiiewitz,  as  he  was  called  in  his  vernacular),  ap- 
peared in  the  Polyhistoria  of  Solinus,  edited  by 
the  Italian  monk,  Camers,  and  also  in  1522  in  the 
De  Orbis  Situ  of  Pomponius  Mela,  published  by 
Vadianus. 

There  are  facsimiles  of  this  map  in  the  Carter- 
Brmvn  Catalogue,  and  in  Santarem 's  Atlas. 

Cf.  references  in  Winsor's  Bibliog.  of  Ptolemy's 
Geograf/ty,  sub  anno,  1522. 

37.  A.  D.  1522.    In  the  Ptolemy  of  1522. 

The  map  "  Orbis  Typus  Universalis,"  signed  "  L. 
F.,"  showing  part  of  South  America  and  Cuba,  the 
whole  of  "  Spagnollo,"  and  no  other  part  of  Amer- 
ica; "Islandia"  (Iceland)  being  placed  off  the  point 


of  Norway,  and  "  Gronland"  being  shown  as  a  pro- 
jection of  Europe.  The  name  AMERICA  is  on  South 
America.  Cf.  Winsor's  Bibliog.  of  Ptolemy's  Geog., 
sub  anno  1^22.  This  map  of  Laurentius  Frisius 
was  repeated  without  change  of  date  in  the  Ptolemy 
of  1525,  and  again  in  that  of  1535. 

Kohl  does  not  include  in  this  collection  another 
map  of  this  1522  Ptolemy,  called  "Tabula  terre 
nove,"  which  is  a  re-engraving  of  the  map  numbered 
32,  ante.  Also  repeated  in  the  1525  and  1535 
editions. 

—  A.  D.    1524. 

Two  small  maps  in  Apian's  Cosmographicus  liber, 
published  at  Landshut.  Cf.  Harrisse,  Bibl.  Am. 
Vet.  no.  127,  and  Additions,  p.  87.  The  edition  of 
1529  (B.  A.  V  no.  148)  has  annotations  by  Gemma 
Frisius,  a  pupil  of  Apian  ;  and  in  the  same  year  his 
Cosmographies  introdnctio  (1529)  is  an  abridgment 
of  the  large  work  (B.  A.  V.  no.  149).  The  Ant- 
werp edition  (1528)  of  the  Cosmog.  liber  has  no  map. 
There  were  other  editions  at  Venice  in  1 533,  and  at 
Antwerp  in  1534.  (B.  A.  V.  nos.  148,  and  Addi- 
tions, nos.  88,  100,  106.)  Cf.  Winsor's  Bibliog.  of 
Ptolemy,  sub  anno  1540;  and  Harrisse,  Notes  on 
Columbus,  p.  174. 

The  Premontre  globe  of  about  this  date.  Cf. 
Winsor's  Bibliog.  of  Ptolemy,  sub  anno  1540. 

—  A.  D.  1525. 

Harrisse,  Bib.  Am.  Vet.  no.  133,  cites  the  Yslegting 
der  Mer-Carthen  or  Cartha  Marina,  and  ascribes  it 
to  Laurentius  Frisius.  It  has  two  large  maps. 
Kohl  gives  a  portion  of  the  northeast  coast  of 
America  (later  to  be  mentioned).  The  1530  ed., 
Underweidung  und  Auslegung  der  Cartha  Marina, 
published  at  Strasburg  (B.  A.  V.  no.  158),  has  no 
maps. 

—  A.  D.  1526. 

A  map  by  the  Monk  Franciscus,  figured  in  Lele- 
wel,  pi.  46,  showing  North  America  as  a  part  of 
Asia.  The  original  is  called  "  Hoc  orbis  hemispha:- 
rum  cedit  regi  Hispaniai."  It  appeared  in  the  De 
orbis  situ  ac  dcscriptione  Francisci  epistola.  Cf.  Har- 
risse, Bib.  Amer.  Vet.  no.  131,  where  it  is  put  under 


38.  A.  D.  1527.    The  so-called  Hernando  Colon 

map. 

The  original  (on  parchment)  is  anonymous,  and 
in  the  Grand-Ducal  library  at  Weimar,  and  is  dated 
at  Seville  in  1527.  During  the  sixteenth  and  seven- 
teenth centuries  it  had  been  kept  in  Nuremberg. 
Kohl,  as  has  been  the  custom,  assigns  it  to  Ferdi- 
nand Columbus,  but  Harrisse  dismisses  his  and 
other  claims,  and  is  inclined  to  ascribe  it  to  Nuno 
Garcia  de  Toreno.  Cf.  Winsor's  Bibliog.  of  Ptolemy's 
Geog.,  sub  anno  1540,  for  references.  It  shows  the 
line  of  demarcation,  as  established  between  Spain 
and  Portugal,  or  rather  the  Spanish  view  regarding 
that  vexed  question.  Kohl  later  published  a  fac- 
simile of  the  American  parts  of  this  map  in  his  Die 
beiden  dltesten  Generalkarten  von  Amerika,  Weimar, 
1860. 

39.  A.  D.  1527.     Robert  Thome's  map. 

This  map  was  made  by  an  English  merchant, 
living  in  Seville,  who  sent  it  to  England,  where  it 
was  published  by  Hakluyt  in  his  Divers  Voyages 


12 


THE   KOHL  COLLECTION   OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


in  1582,  and  is  reproduced  in  the  Hakluyt  Society's 
edition  of  that  book ;  and  for  the  American  portion 
in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  America,  iii.  17,  and  in 
Brown's  Cafe  Breton,  p.  22.  Thorne  professes  to 
have  "  discovered  the  secrets  "  of  the  licensed  map- 
makers  of  Spain. 

Cf.  Winsor's  Bibliog.  of  Ptolemy,  sub  anno  1540. 

—  A.  D.  1527. 

A  map  by  Maiollo,  preserved  in  the  Biblioteca 
Ambrosiana  at  Milan,  which  is  in  part  figured  in 
Desimoni's  Giovanni  Verrazzano,  3d  app.,  Genoa, 
1882 ;  and  in  the  Narr.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  America, 
vol.  iv.  Cf.  Winsor's  Bibliog.  of  Ptolemy's  Geog., 
sub  anno  1540.  The  date  has  been  altered  to  1587. 
Studi  biog.  e  bibliog.  della  soc.  geog.  ital.,  1882,  ii.  pp. 
"3>  154- 

—  A.  D.  1527. 

The  Studi  biog.  e  bibliog.  della  soc.  geog.  ital.  ii.  p. 
113,  and  Atti  soc.  ligure,  1867,  p.  174,  refer  to  a  map 
of  Baptista  Agnese  of  this  date  in  the  British  Mu- 
seum ;  but  the  date  is  earlier  than  is  usually  assigned 
to  this  cartographer.  Cf.  Winsor's  Bibliog.  of  Ptolemy's 
Geog.,  sub  anno  1540. 

The  Studi,  etc.,  ii.  p.  114,  also  cites  a  carta 
nautica  of  about  1527,  preserved  in  the  Biblioteca 
Laurenziana,  at  Florence,  which  shows  the  east 
coast  from  Labrador  to  the  Straits  of  Magellan. 

40.  A.  D.  1528.    The  world  by  Coppo. 

The  original  belongs  to  a  rare  book  called  :  Por- 
tolano  delli  Lochi  maritimi  ed  isole  de  Mar  .  .  .  com- 
posto  per  Piero  Coppo,  Venetia,  1528,  of  which  there 
is  a  copy  in  the  Grenville  Collection,  British  Mu- 
seum. The  representation,  which  fills  two  pages  of 
the  book,  is  different  from  any  other.  America  is 
represented  by  a  large  group  of  islands,  of  which 
"  Mondo  Novo"  (South  America)  is  the  most  exten- 
sive. Cf.  Zurla,  Fra  Mauro,  p.  9,  and  his  Marco 
Polo,  ii.  p.  363 ;  Harrisse,  Bib.  Am.  Vet.,  no.  144. 
The  Kohl  MS.  in  the  Amer.  Antiq.  Soc.  has  another 
drawing  of  the  map,  and  it  is  sketched  in  the  Narr. 
and  Crit.  Hist,  of  America. 

Coppo  refers  to  Columbus  in  a  passage  quoted  by 
Harrisse,  Notes  on  Columbus,  p.  56,  from  a  citation 
in  Morelli's  Operette,  i.  309. 

—  A.  D.  1528.     (See  no.  48.) 

The  map  of  the  world  in  Bordone's  Libra,  later 
known  as  the  Isolario.  It  is  sketched  in  H.  H.  Ban- 
croft's Central  America,  i.  144.  Lelewel  (pi.  46) 
dates  it  1521,  since  all  the  maps  in  the  book  are  sup- 
posed to  have  been  made  then  or  earlier.  It  was 
reissued  in  1533.  Cf.  references  in  Winsor's  Bibliog. 
of  Ptolemy's  Geog.,  sub  anno  1540. 

41,  42.    A.  D.  1529.    Ribero's  map. 

These  copies  give  only  the  American  parts  of  this 
map  of  the  world.  Kohl  in  these  drawings  copied 
the  draft  of  it  by  Giissefeldt,  which  was  given  in  a 
monograph  by  M.  C.  Sprengel,  Vber  Ribero's  alteste 
Welt-karte,  published  in  1795,  which  followed  a  copy 
at  Jena,  and  which  Kohl  says  he  follows  in  lieu  of 
something  better.  In  1860,  Kohl  reproduced  the 
Weimar  original  in  his  Die  beiden  dltesten  General- 
Karten  von  America.  The  entire  map  is  given  in 
Santarem ;  in  Lelewel,  and  in  Riige's  Gcschichte  des 
Zeitalters  der  Entdeckungen  (1883).  There  is  another 
early  copy  in  the  Archivio  del  Collegio  di  Propa- 


ganda at  Rome.  Cf.  the  references  in  Winsor's 
Bibliog.  of  Ptolemy's  Geog.,  sub  anno  1540,  and  the 
Bull,  de  la  Soc.  de  Geog.  de  Paris  (1847),  i.  p.  309. 

Referring  to  the  Newfoundland  region,  Kohl 
thinks  Ribero  may  have  seen  and  used  a  map  of 
these  parts  made  in  1506  by  a  Frenchman.  This 
refers  to  Charlevoix's  statement  of  a  map  made  by 
Jehan  Denys;  but  Harrisse,  Cabots,  p.  250,  pro- 
nounces it  "  absolument  apocryphe."  A  facsimile 
of  an  undated  map  of  the  Ribero  type  was  published 
by  the  Spanish  Government  in  the  Cartas  de  Indias 
in  1877. 

A  Spanish  planisphere  in  the  possession  of  the 
Marchesi  Castiglione  in  Mantua  shows  the  whole 
Atlantic  coast  of  both  Americas,  and  on  the  Labra- 
dor coast  has  this  legend :  "  Tierra  que  descobrio 
Estevan  Gomez  este  ano  de  1525  por  mandado  de 
su  majestad."  Cf.  Studi  biog.  e  bibliog.  della  Soc.  geog. 
ital.,  ii.  no.  412 ;  Portioli,  Carte  e  memorie  geographiche 
in  Mantova  (1875),  p.  24. 

—  A.  D.  1529. 

A  planisphere  of  Hieronimus  Verrazzano  in  the 
Museo  Borgiano  at  Rome,  which  has  been  given  in 
whole  or  in  part  in  the  monographs  on  Verrazano  by 
J.  C.  Brevoort,  H.  C,  Murphy,  and  B.  F.  De  Costa. 
Cf.  Winsor's  Bibliog.  of  Ptolemy's  Geog.,  sub  anno 
1540,  and  Studi  biog.  e  bibliog.  della  Soc.  geog.  ital. 
ii.  p.  1 1 6. 

This  same,  Studi,  etc.,  ii.  p.  116,  quotes  a  carta 
nautica  of  this  date  (1529)  as  being  in  the  British 
Museum,  and  ascribed  to  Baptista  Agnese. 

43,  44.    A.  D.  1 530.    In  the  Sloane  Mss.,  Brit. 
Museum. 

The  original  is  attached  to  a  manuscript  De  prin- 
cipiis  astronomic,  and  placed  by  its  Catalogue  at 
about  1530.  There  is  no  date  on  the  map,  but  the 
inscription  on  the  coast  above  Florida  is :  "  Terra 
FrancLscana  nuper  lustrata,"  which  may  refer  to 
Verrazano  or  Cartier ;  if  to  Cartier  the  date  would 
be  1536  or  later.  North  America  is  a  continuation 
of  Asia  eastward.  South  America  is  cut  off  by  the 
bottom  of  the  map  at  40° ;  but  an  inscription  at  that 
point  says  :  "  Hie  ultra  55  g  extendit."  The  map  is 
very  like  the  cordiform  map  of  Orontius  Finaeus  re- 
duced to  a  plane.  It  is  also  in  Kohl's  MS.  in  the 
Amer.  Antiq.  Society's  library. 

45.  A.  D.  1530.    Diego  Homem. 

The  original,  among  Lord  Lumley's  (d.  1609) 
maps  in  the  British  Museum,  is  noteworthy  from  the 
west  coast  of  the  two  Americas  having  no  defined  or 
supposable  limit,  the  green  color  of  the  Continent 
simply  fading  away.  The  eastern  coast  is  of  the 
Ribero  type.  The  only  names  are  "  Timististan " 
(Mexico)  and  "Mundus  Novus  "  (South  America). 

46.  A.  D.  1531.    The  world  by  Finaeus. 

The  original  is  an  engraved  map  in  the  Paris 
(1532)  edition  of  the  Novus  Orbis,  usually  ascribed 
to  Grynacus.  This  map,  of  which  the  title  is  "  Nova 
et  integra  universi  orbis  descriptio,"  is  of  a  double 
cordiform  projection,  divided  at  the  equator.  The 
author  of  it  is  Orontius  Finaeus,  or  Oronce  Fine, 
who  dates  it  July,  1531,  in  a  dedication  to  Christian 
Wechel,  who  bore  the  expense  of  its  production. 
Ortelius  in  his  list  mentions  this  map  as  "Orbis  ter- 
rarum  typus,  sub  forma  cordis  humani."  This  edi- 
tion of  the  Novus  Orbis  has  sometimes  another  map; 
but  this  is  the  proper  one.  Cf.  Bib.  Am.  Vet.,  nos. 


THE    KOHL   COLLECTION   OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


172,  173;  and  references  in  Winsor's  Bibliog,  of 
Ptolemy,  sub  anno  1540.  The  same  map  is  in  the 
1540  edition  of  Pomponius  Mela.  Cf.  Bib.  Am.  Vet. 
Additions,  no.  127. 

—  A.  D.  1532. 

The  map  by  Minister  in  the  Basle  edition  of  the 
Nevus  Orbis,  of  which  there  are  facsimiles  in  the 
Narr.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  America,  iii.,  and  in  Stevens's 
Notes,  pi.  IV.  no.  4.  It  was  repeated  in  the  1537 
and  1555  editions  of  the  Novus  Orbis.  Cf.  Winsor's 
Bibliog.  of  Ptolemy 's  Geog.,  sub  anno  1540. 

A  mappemode  by  Bartolomeo  Olives,  with  other 
maps  of  Central  and  South  America,  contained  in  an 
Atlas  in  the  Royal  University  Library  at  Pisa.  Cf. 
Studi  biog.  £  bibliog.  della  Soc.  geog.  italiana,  ii.  no.  414. 

47.  A.  D.  1534.    America. 

An  engraved  map  published  in  Venice  Dec.  1534, 
with  the  title,  La  Carta  universale  della  terra  ferma 
ed  isole  delle  Indie  occidentali.  It  purports  to  be 
compiled  from  two  marine  charts,  made  in  Seville 
by  pilots  of  the  Emperor.  Kohl  thinks  the  author 
drew  from  the  charts  of  the  Spanish  hydrographical 
bureau  as  Ribero  did,  whose  map  it  resembles. 
Kohl  errs  in  saying  that  the  Burmudas  appear  here 
for  the  first  time  on  an  engraved  map,  since  they 
appeared  in  1511  in  the  engraved  Peter  Martyr  map. 
The  coast  from  Paria  to  New  England  is  called 
"  Indie  occidentali  ;  "  South  America  is  called 
"  Mondo  Nuovo  —  Terra  Ferma."  A  large  part  of 
the  western  coast  of  South  America  (Chili  and 
Peru)  is  left  blank.  The  western  coast  of  North 
America  above  Central  America  is  omitted.  The 
only  known  copy  of  this  map  is  in  the  Lenox  Library ; 
it  is  reproduced  in  Stevens's  Arotes.  Cf .  'full  refer- 
ences in  Winsor's  Bibliog.  of  Ptolemy's  Geog.,  sub 
anno  1540. 

48.  A.  D.  1534.     The  world  by  Bordone. 

An  engraved  map  on  an  elliptical  projection  in  the 
Isolario  de  Benedetto  Bordone,  published  in  1534. 
What  seems  to  stand  for  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  is 
bounded  on  the  north  by  a  projecting  "  terra  del 
laboratore,"  and  on  the  south  by  a  larger  peninsula, 
called  "  Mondo  Novo."  (See  sub  no.  40.) 

—  A.  D.  1534. 

A  map  of  the  Ribero  type  in  the  Ducal  library  at 
Wolfenbiittel.  Cf.  Harrisse's  Cabots,  p.  185. 

Santarem,  Bull,  de  la  Soc.  de  Geog.,  vii.  322,  refers 
to  a  globe  at  Weimar  of  this  date. 

49.  A.  D.  1534.    The  world. 

An  engraved  map  of  an  elliptical  projection,  in- 
scribed :  "Tiguri  Anno  M.D.XXXIIII."  It  re- 
sembles the  map  in  the  Basle,  1532,  edition  of  the 
Novus  Orbis,  but  omits  the  islands  on  the  eastern 
coast  of  America.  Kohl  does  not  trace  its  origin. 

50.  A.  D.  1535.    The  world  in  the  Ptolemy  of 

1535. 

It  gives  of  America  only  the  northeast  corner  of 
South  America  and  the  eastern  coast  of  what  is 
apparently  Newfoundland  or  Labrador.  It  is  called 
"  Tabula  Nova  Orbis,"  and  was  repeated  in  the 
Lyons  edition  of  1541.  "  Gronlanda "  is  made  a 
long  narrow  promontory  stretching  southwest  from 
the  northwestern  extremity  of  Europe. 


51.  A.  D.  1536  (?).    The  world. 

The  original  is  an  undated  MS.  in  the  Bodleian 
Library,  of  an  elliptical  projection.  The  dotted  line 
given  for  the  Chili  coast,  and  the  indications  of 
Pizarro's  conquest  of  Southern  Peru,  induce  Kohl 
to  place  it  between  1534  and  1536.  It  resembles 
the  delineation  in  the  American  parts  of  the  maps 
of  Baptista  Agnese  of  about  this  date. 

A  similar  outline  is  given  in  the  Turin  Atlas 
(1530-11540),  of  which  Wuttke  gives  an  outline  in 
the  Jahresbericht  des  Vereins  fur  Erdkunde  in  Dres- 
den, 1870.  Still  another  of  a  like  contour  is  given 
in  colored  facsimile  by  Peschel  in  the  Jahresbericht 
des  Vereins  fur  Erdkunde  in  Leipzig,  1871. 

52.  A.  D.  1 536.    The  world  by  Baptista  Agnese. 

The  original  is  a  manuscript  map  of  an  elliptical 
projection  preserved  in  the  British  Museum,  marked : 
"  Bapt.  Agnese  Venetiis,  1536."  The  western  and 
northern  coasts  of  North  America  are  vaguely  drawn 
by  a  dotted  line,  and  so  is  the  coast  of  Chili.  A 
course  from  Spain  to  the  Isthmus,  and  so  down  the 
South  American  coast  to  Peru,  is  represented  by  a 
pricked  line,  as  is  also  the  route  of  Magellan's  ship 
round  the  world.  The  La  Plata  river  is  developed 
with  branches. 

Cf.  Winsor's  Bibliog.  of  Ptolemy's  Geog.,  sub  anno 
1540,  for  references.  A  sketch  of  the  map  is  given 
in  the  Narr.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  America,  iv.  p.  40. 

—  A.  D.  1536. 

An  anonymous  atlas  of  eleven  charts,  showing  in 
one  North  America  and  the  Moluccas,  and  in  another 
South  America  and  Africa,  has  been  recently  dis- 
covered in  Padua ;  and  is  now  in  Venice.  Cf.  Studi 
biog.  e  bibliog.  della  Soc.  geog.  ital.  ii.  p.  120. 

An  anonymous  atlas  of  twelve  charts  in  the  pos- 
session of  Nicolo  Barazzi  in  Venice,  of  which  no.  3 
is  the  Pacific  and  the  coast  of  America;  no.  4  is 
America;  and  no.  12  the  world.  It  formerly  be- 
longed to  the  Erizzo  family  in  Venice.  Cf.  Studi, 
etc.,  ii.  p.  128. 

—  A.  D.  1538. 

A  heart-shaped  map  of  Mercator,  of  which  the 
only  copy  known  belongs  to  Mr.  J.  Carson  Brevoort 
of  Brooklyn.  Cf.  Bull,  of  the  Amer.  Geog.  Soc.  1878, 
p.  196. 

—  A.  D.  1539. 

This  date  is  assigned  to  an  atlas  commonly  cited 
as  the  Atlas  de  Philippe  II.,  dedie  a  Charles  Quint, 
but  which  is  more  correctly  defined  in  the  title  given 
to  a  photographic  reproduction,  Portulano  de  Charles 
Quint  donne  a  Philippe  //.  accompagne  a"une  notice 
par  M'\L  F.  Spitzer  et  Ch.  Wiener,  Paris,  1875.  Major 
is  inclined  to  believe  it  the  work  of  Baptista  Agnese. 
A  copy  of  this  facsimile  is  in  Harvard  College  Li- 
brary. Malte-Brim  describes  the  map  in  the  Bull, 
de  la  Soc.  Geog.  de  Paris,  1876,  p.  625.  Cf.  Winsor's 
Bibliog.  of  Ptolemy's  Geog.,  sub  anno  1540. 

Plate  IV.  shows  the  two  Americas,  and  is  of  the 
Agnese  type.  Plate  XIII.  shows  the  eastern  coast 
of  North  America  of  the  Ribero  type,  and  the  whole 
of  South  America,  with  the  coast  of  Chili,  is  left 
out.  Plate  XIV.  shows  North  America,  with  the 
west  coast  drawn  up  to  California,  but  parts  of  the 
east  and  west  coast  of  South  America  are  left  out. 


THE    KOHL   COLLECTION   OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


—  A.  D.  I54O. 

The  "  typus  universalis  "  of  Miinster  in  the  Ptolemy 
of  this  date.  Cf.  Winsor's  Bibliog.  of  Ptolemy's 
Geog.,  sub  anno  1540. 

—  A.  D.  1540.    The  new  world  by  Miinster. 

See  no.  58.  The  same  plate  was  often  used  dur- 
ing this  century,  particularly  in  Minister's  publica- 
tions ;  with  the  names  of  the  countries  inserted  in 
the  block  in  different  type,  sometimes  in  German, 
sometimes  in  Latin.  Cf.  Winsor's  Bibliog.  of  Ptolemy's 
Geog.,  sub  anno  1 540.  There  is  a  reduced  facsimile 
of  this  map  in  the  Narr.  and  Crit.  Hist,  cf  America, 
vol.  iv.  p.  41. 

—  A.  D.  1540. 

The  Antwerp  edition  of  Apian's  Cosmographia  has 
a  map  reproduced  in  Lelewel's  Moyen  age,  pi.  46. 
Cf.  the  map  in  the  1544  (French),  1545  (Latin),  and 
1548  (Spanish)  editions. 

53,  54.    A.   D.    1541.     The  new  world  in  the 
Ptolemy  of  1541. 

Similar  to  the  maps  in  the  editions  of  1511  and 
1513;  but  on  a  large  scale,  except  that  "Farias,"  a 
name  given  by  Columbus  to  the  northern  coast  of 
South  America,  is  here  transferred  to  what  is  shown 
of  North  America. 

No.  54  is  a  less  perfect  copy. 

—  A.  D.  1541. 

Engraved  gores  of  a  mappemode  by  Mercator. 
Cf.  Winsor's  Bibliog.  of  Ptolemy's  Geog.,  sub  anno 
1548,  with  references. 

55.  A.  D.  1542.    America  by  Rotz. 

The  original  is  in  a  MS.  in  the  British  Museum, 
"John  Rotz  his  book  of  Hydrography."  It  shows 
the  eastern  parts  of  North  America  and  all  of  South 
America  (making  an  island  of  the  eastern  parts  of 
Brazil)  on  a  hemispherical  projection.  It  shows  a 
number  of  fabulous  islands  in  the  North  Atlantic. 
An  outward  curve  in  the  coast  of  Chili  was  copied 
in  many  later  maps.  Cf.  Winsor's  Bibliog.  of 
Ptolemy's  Geog.,  sub  anno  1548,  for  references. 

—  A.  D.   1542. 

The  Ulpius  globe.  Cf.  Winsor's  Bibliog.  of 
Ptolemy's  Geog.,  sub  annis  1540  and  1548,  for  refer- 
ence ;  and  also  Ibid,  for  the  "  Mappemonde  Har- 
leyenne,"  as  Ilarrisse  calls  it,  in  the  British  Museum. 

The  map  in    Hunter's  Rudimenta  Cosmographica 

—  much  behind  the  time  —  and   repeated  in   1546, 
and  in  other  editions  till  1561,  when  a  better  shape 
for  America  was  adopted.     A  fac-simile  is  given  of 
the  1542  map  in  Stevens's  Notes.     It  resembles  the 
map  given  in  Jomard,  pi.  xviii.,  as  "sur  une  Cas- 
sette de  la  Collection  Trivulci  dite  Cassettina  all' 
Agemina." 

56.  A.  D.  1543.    America  by  Baptista  Agnese. 

The  original  is  a  manuscript  map  in  the  Collection 
of  the  Duke  of  Gotha,  signed,  "  Baptista  Agnese 
fecit  Venetiis  1543  die  18  Februarii."  It  shows  the 
eastern  coast  from  Labrador  to  the  Straits  of  Ma- 
gellan;  and  the  western  coast,  stopping  just  north 
of  the  same  Straits,  is  renewed  at  Southern  Peru, 
and  extends  to  the  upper  verge  of  Central  America. 


It  notes  the  discoveries  of  Ayllon  on  the  Carolina 
coast.  It  is  partly  reproduced  in  Kohl's  Discovery 
of  ftlaine,  316.  The  Studi  biog.  e  bibliog.  della  soc. 
geog.  ital.,  ii.  p.  134,  notes  an  atlas  hydrographique 
(showing  the  world  and  America)  also  in  the  Ducal 
library  at  Gotha.  There  are  various  other  Agnese 
maps  of  about  this  date.  One,  dated  June  25,  in  the 
Huth  library,  is  referred  to  in  Harrisse's  Cabots, 
p.  189 ;  another  in  the  Biblioteca  Laurenziana  at 
Florence  is  dated  Feb.  12.  In  this  chart  no.  3  shows 
the  Pacific  with  America  and  the  Moluccas ;  no.  4, 
the  Atlantic  with  the  American  coast;  no.  12  is  a 
general  map,  indicating  the  route  of  Magellan.  Cf. 
Studi,  etc.,  ii.  p.  131.  One  of  1544  is  in  the  Royal 
library  at  Dresden;  it  is  signed  at  Venice.  Cf. 
Studi,  etc.,  ii.  p.  132.  Another  of  1545  is  in  the 
Biblioteca  Marciana  at  Venice.  Cf.  Studi,  etc.,  ii, 
p.  132.  Cf.  references  in  Winsor's  Bibliog.  of 
Ptolemy's  Geog.,  sub  anno  1548.  The  Studi,  etc.,  ii. 
p.  129,  notes  an  Agnese  atlas  (1536-50)  in  the  Royal 
library  at  Munich;  and  (p.  159)  another  in  the  Na- 
tional library  at  Florence  as  of  the  sixteenth  century, 
containing  fifteen  nautical  maps,  of  which  no.  2  shows 
the  coasts  of  the  Pacific,  and  no.  3  the  east  coast  of 
America. 

—  A.  D.  1544. 

Map  by  Ruscelli  in  the  British  Museum,  drawn  in 
part  in  Kohl's  Discovery  of  Maine,  p.  296,  and  in  H. 
H.  Bancroft's  Cent.  America,  \.  148.  Cf.  Lelewel, 
p.  170;  and  Peschel's  Erdkunde,  p.  371. 

The  well-known  map  usually  ascribed  to  Sebastian 
Cabot.  Cf.  Winsor's  Bibliog.  of  Ptolemy's  Geog., 
sub  anno  1 548  for  references ;  and  Studi  biog.  e  bibliog., 
etc.,  ii.  p.  213. 

The  map  of  Minister's  Cosmographia  of  this  date 
is  reproduced  in  Santarem  and  Lelewel,  pi.  46. 

57.  A.  D.  1545.    The  world  in  the  1545  edition 

of  Ptolemy. 

The  map  is  by  Sebastian  Miinster.  The  same 
map  was  re-engraved  in  the  Ptolemy  of  1552,  and  in 
Minister's  Cosmographia  of  1534. 

58.  A.  D.  1545.    The  new  world  by  Minister. 

This  is  the  well-known  map,  Novus  Orbis,  in  the 
Basle,  1545,  edition  of  Ptolemy.  The  same  plate 
first  appeared  in  the  edition  of  1540.  (See  that 
date.) 

—  A.  D.  1546. 

The  Pierre  Desceliers  map,  usually  called  the 
"  Henri  II.  map."  Cf.  Winsor's  Bibliog.  of  Ptolemy's 
Geog.  for  references ;  also,  Paul  Gaffarel's  Bre'sil 
Fraiicais,  Paris,  1878,  p.  6;  Guibert,  Ville  de  Dieppe, 
vol.  i.  p.  348  ;  Malte-Brun's  "  Un  geographe  fran£ais 
du  XVIe  siecle  "  in  Bull,  de  la  Soc,  de  Geog.  de  Paris, 
Sept.  1876. 

The  map  of  this  date  in  Epitome  of  Vadianus, 
published  in  1548,  is  given  by  Santarem. 

The  portolano  of  Johann  Freire.  Cf.  Harrisse's 
Cabots,  p.  220. 

—  A.  D.  1548. 

Maps  no.  59  and  no.  60  in  the  Italian  eel.  of 
Ptolemy.  Both  represent  North  America  as  a  part 
of  Asia,  but  differently.  Cf.  Winsor's  Bibliog.  of 
Ptolemy's  Geog.  No.  60',  called  "  Carta  Marina,"  was 
repeated  in  the  Ptolemy  of  1561.  It  is  sketched  in 
the  Narr.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  America,  iv.  p.  43. 


THE    KOHL   COLLECTION   OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


—   A.  D.   1549. 

A  Maggiolo  atlas  in  the  Biblioteca  Cor.iunale  in 
Treviso. 

59.  A.  D.  1 549.    America  by  Medina. 

The  original  is  an  engraved  map  in  Pedro  de 
Medina's  Libra  de  grandezas  y  cosas  memorables  de 
Espana,  Seville,  1549.  It  shows  the  eastern  coast 
of  North  America  from  Labrador  south,  and  both 
coasts  of  Central  and  South  America.  Kohl  sug- 
gests that  the  small  size  of  this  and  the  other  early 
maps  of  America  issued  in  Spain,  indicate  the  un- 
willingness of  the  authorities  to  allow  detailed  charts 
on  a  large  scale  to  circulate.  It  shows  the  famous 
line  of  demarcation,  which  is  used  to  note  the  de- 
grees of  latitude.  Cf.  Bib.  Am.  Vet.,  p.  517;  and 
Additions.,  165.  It  is  the  map  of  the  Arte  de  navegar 
of  1545,  eked  out  for  the  lower  parts  of  South 
America  by  an  added  block.  Cf.  Winsor's  Bibliog. 
of  Ptolemy's  Geog.,  sub  anno  1548. 

60.  A.  D  154-?    America  by  Homem. 

This  is  the  western  part  of  an  elliptical  projection 
of  the  world,  and  belongs  to  an  undated  manuscript 
in  the  British  Museum.  The  west  coast  is  shown 
from  California  to  Peru ;  the  east  coast  entire,  and 
both  coasts  of  Patagonia.  Tierra  del  Fuego  is  the 
northern  part  of  a  land  of  unknown  extent.  The 
La  Plata  is  developed  ;  but  the  Amazon  is  not. 
"  Terra  Nova  "  is  a  peninsula  stretching  northwest- 
erly from  Norway,  with  "  Yslanda  "  lying  between 
it  and  "  Bacalaos."  The  map  resembles  those  of 
Homem's  contemporary,  Baptista  Agnese. 

61.  A.  D.  c.  1550.    Nancy  globe. 

This  shows  the  western  hemisphere  of  the  globe 
preserved  at  Nancy,  in  France. 

Kohl  refers  to  Blaeu's  paper  on  this  globe  in  the 
Memoires  de  la  Societe  royale  des  Sciences  de  Nancy, 
1835,  pp.  ix.  and  97. 

It  makes  North  America  part  of  Asia  ;  and  shows 
a  large  antarctic  continent.  Cf.  Winsor's  Bibliog. 
of  Ptolemy's  Geog.t  sub  anno  1548,  for  notices  of 
engravings  of  it. 

—  xvi.  cent. 

The  Studi  biog.  e  bibliog.  delta  soc.  geog.  ital.,  vol.  ii. 
enumerates  various  maps  of  this  century,  without 
assigning  them  particular  years ;  and  also  a  variety 
of  MS.  sea-manuals  likewise  of  this  century. 

An  anonymous  Carta  nautica  preserved  in  the 
Ducal  library  at  Wolfenbiittel,  which  shows  North 
America  in  part,  as  far  west  as  Yucatan  and  east  to 
Cape  St.  Augustine  (Shidi,  ii.  p.  106).  Cf.  Harrisse, 
Cabots,  p.  185;  and  Winsor's  Bibliog.  of  Ptolemy,  sub 
1540. 

An  atlas  in  the  same  library,  with  a  map  of  the 
new  world,  which  is  placed  in  the  last  quarter  of 
the  century  (Studi,  ii.  p.  155). 

A  Spanish  mappemonde  of  the  early  part  of  the 
century,  preserved  in  the  Archivio  del  Collegio  di 
Propaganda,  at  Rome  (Studi,  ii.  no.  446). 

A  Portuguese  atlas  in  the  Royal  archives  at  Flor- 
ence, showing  no.  17,  Acadia;  18,  Cape  Cod  to  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico  ;  19,  Gulf  of  Mexico ;  20,  Antilles ; 
21-24,  South  American  coasts  (Studi,  ii.  no.  451). 

An  atlas  of  the  first  half  of  the  century,  in  the 
Biblioteca  Angelica  at  Rome,  which  has  several 
maps  of  America  (Studi,  ii.  p.  136). 

An  atlas  in  the  Archivio  del  Collegio  di  Propa- 
ganda, with  a  map  showing  the  east  coast  of  Amer- 


ica (Studi,  ii.  p.  1 60;  Bull,  de  la  soc.  de  geog.,  1847, 
vii.  308).  Also  in  the  same  place  a  Carta  nautica, 
showing  a  large  part  of  America  (Studi,  ii.  p.  160 ; 
Bull.,  etc.,  vii.  313). 

An  anonymous  atlas  in  the  Biblioteca  Comunale 
at  Fermo  (Studi,  ii.  p.  162). 

An  anonymous  atlas  in  the  Museo  Civicp  at 
Venice,  giving  the  northeast  parts  of  America 
(Studi,  ii.  p.  163),  and  another  (p.  165)  showing  the 
western  hemisphere. 

A  globe  in  the  Biblioteca  Marciana  at  Venice 
(Studi,  ii.  p.  164). 

An  anonymous  atlas  in  the  Biblioteca  Ambrosi- 
ana  at  Milan,  showing  the  east  and  west  coasts  of 
America  (Studi,  ii.  p.  168). 

An  anonymous  Carta  nautica,  preserved  at  Milan, 
showing  the  American  coasts  of  the  Atlantic  (Studi, 
ii.  p.  170). 

An  atlas  of  Antonio  Millo,  preserved  in  the  Bibli- 
oteca Vittorio  Emanuele  at  Rome,  showing  the  two 
Americas  (Studi,  ii.  p.  174). 

An  anonymous  Spanish  planisphere  of  the  begin- 
ning of  the  century,  preserved  in  the  Royal  library 
at  Turin,  which  shows  the  coasts  of  Mexico  and  the 
northern  parts  of  South  America  (Studi,  ii.  no.  406). 

An  atlas  of  Francesco  Gisalfo  of  Genoa  with  a 
mappemonde,  preserved  in  the  Biblioteca  Riccardi- 
ana  at  Florence  (Studi,  ii.  169) ;  an  anonymous  atlas 
in  the  same  library,  which  shows  the  east  and  west 
coats  of  America  (Studi,  ii.  p.  172) ;  and  a  Portu- 
guese atlas,  showing:  no.  19,  Canada;  20,  Florida; 
21,  Peru;  22,  Venezuela;  23-26,  South  America 
(Studi,  ii.  no.  452).  Several  of  the  maps  in  the 
Riccardi  palace  have  been  shown  in  the  Jahrbuch 
des  Vereins  fiir  Erdkunde  in  Dresden,  1870.  Cf. 
Winsor,  Bibliog.  of  Ptolemy,  sub  1561. 

A  Portuguese  planisphere  of  the  end  of  the  cen- 
tury, showing  the  western  hemisphere.  It  is  pre- 
served in  the  Biblioteca  Vallichelliana  at  Rome. 
(Studi,  ii.  no.  450). 

Kohl  refers  to  a  "weltkarte"  of  the  middle  of  the 
sixteenth  century,  which  is  given  in  the  Memoires  de 
la  societe  de  ATancy,  1832. 

—  A.  D.  1550-53. 

Two  portolanos  of  Pierre  Desceliers,  one  in  the 
British  Museum,  and  the  other  at  Vienna.  Cf.  Brit. 
Aftis.  Cat.  of  MSS.,  no.  24065  ;  Harrisse,  Cabots,  230; 
Bull,  de  la  Soc.  de  Geog.  de  Paris,  Sept.  1852  and 
Sept.  1856. 

A  MS.  parchment  chart  (1550)  of  Diego  Gutier- 
res  in  the  Depot  des  cartes  de  la  Marine  at  Paris. 

62.  A.  D.  1551.    The  world  by  Apian. 

The  original  is  an  engraved  "  charta  cosmograph- 
ica "  in  the  Cosmographia  of  Petrus  Apianus,  pub- 
lished at  Paris  in  1551,  with  additions  by  Gemma 
Frisius.  The  map  is  not  in  the  Antwerp  edition  of 
1541,  and  differs  from  the  one  there  given.  North 
America  is  a  narrow  continental  land,  north  of  which 
Asia  and  Europe  unite.  See  notes  on  the  bibliog- 
raphy of  Apian  in  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  America, 
vol.  ii. 

63.  A.  D.  155-?    The  world  by  Martiiies  (?). 

The  original  is  a  planisphere  from  a  MS.  atlas, 
whose  names  are  mostly  Italian  with  some  Span- 
ish ones,  which  formerly  belonged  to  the  Duke  de 
Cassano  Serra,  and  is  now  in  the  British  Museum. 
Kohl  finds  its  American  portion  to  correspond 
closely  with  a  map  of  Joannes  Martines  of  15/8  in 
the  British  Museum,  and  supposes  this  to  be  by 


i6 


THE   KOHL   COLLECTION-  OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


him  also.  The  later  map  has  meridians  of  longi- 
tude, which  this  has  not.  South  America  is  called 
"  Peru  "  in  this  map,  but  "  America  "  in  the  later 
one.  The  general  outline  of  the  new  world  resem- 
bles that  of  Porccachi's  maps.  The  huge  antarctic 
continent  so  common  in  maps  of  this  time,  is  shown. 

—  A.  D.  1552. 

Munster's  maps  in  the  Basle  Ptolemy  of  this 
year,  repeated  from  the  editions  of  1540-42-45. 

—  A.  D.  c.  1553. 

A  parchment  planisphere  in  the  Depot  des  Cartes 
de  la  Marine  at  Paris.  Harrisse,  Cabots,  238. 

64.  A.  D.  1554.    America  by  Bollero. 

The  original  is  a  small  woodcut,  —  called  "  Brevis 
exactaque  totius  novi  orbis  ejusque  insularum  cle- 
scriptio  recens — Joan  Bollero  edita," — which  ap- 
pears in  various  publications  of  about  this  time, 
including  Gomara's  Historia  general  de  las  Indias,  to 
which  Kohl  credits  it.  The  coasts  north  of  Mexico 
and  Labrador  are  wanting.  Cf.  Uricoechea,  Ala- 
poteca  Colombiana,  no.  12,  and  Winsor's  Bibliog.  of 
Ptolemy,  sub  1561. 

—  A.  D.  1554. 

An  atlas  by  Baptista  Agnese  in  the  Biblioteca 
Marciana  at  Venice  (Studi  biog.  e  bibliog.,  ii.  p.  139). 
This  was  issued  in  photographic  facsimile  at  Venice 
in  1881.  Cf.  Winsor's  Bibliog.  of  Ptolemy,  sub  1561, 
for  other  maps  of  Agnese  of  about  this  time. 

A  map  of  Andre  Thevet,  cited  by  D'Avezac,  Sur 
la  projection  des  Cartes,  Paris,  1863,  p.  73. 

A  map  of  the  world  by  Framezini,  engraved  by 
Julius  de  Musis. 

65.  A.  D.  1555.    The  world. 

The  world  on  an  elliptical  projection,  copied  from 
the  map  in  the  Basle,  1555,  edition  of  Grynaeus,  in 
the  Grenville  copy  in  the  British  Museum.  It  re- 
sembles map  no.  49  (ante] ;  and  had  earlier  appeared 
in  the  1 537  edition  of  the  Novus  Orbis. 

—  A.  D.   1555. 

A  portolano  by  Le  Testu  in  the  French  ministry 
of  war.  Cf.  Winsor's  Bibliog.  of  Ptolemy,  sub  1561. 

66.  A.  D.  1556.     America,  in  Ramusio,  vol.  iii. 

The  original  was  made  for  Ramusio  by  Gastaldi 
(about  1550)  from  material  gathered  by  Oviedo,  and 
sent  to  Ramusio  by  the  Florentine  Hieronimo  Fra- 
castoro.  It  is  called :  "  Universale  della  parte  del 
mondo  nuovamente  ritrovata."  Ramusio  dates  the 
introduction  to  this  volume  in  1553,  which  may  per- 
haps indicate  the  date  of  the  map ;  and  the  material 
upon  which  it  was  founded  would  seem  to  include 
results  of  Cabrillo's  explorations  on  the  California 
coast  in  1542-43. 

The  maps  of  the  new  world,  both  in  this  edition, 
and  in  that  of  1565,  are  :  i,  New  world  ;  2,  Temisti- 
tan  (Mexico) ;  3,  Cusco  in  Peru  ;  4,  New  France  and 
Newfoundland  ;  5,  east  part  of  Brazil ;  6,  part  of 
America  ;  7,  Taprobano  ;  8,  Hochelaga,  —  a  bird's- 
eye  view  of  an  Indian  camp. 

—  A.  D.  1556. 

Vopellio's  cordiform  mappemonde  in  Girava's 
Cosmographia,  Milan.  There  is  a  facsimile  of  it 


published  by  Henry  Stevens.  It  is  sometimes 
found  in  the  1570  edition  of  Girava,  which  is  the 
1556  edition  with  a  new  title. 

—  A.  D.  1558-80. 

Atlas  of  Bertelli  e  Forlani,  published  at  Rome, 
containing  maps  of  North  and  South  America.  Cf. 
Sabin's  Dictionary,  ii.  5000.  See  no.  69.  What  is 
called  Lafreri's  Roman  atlas,  Tavole  moderne  di  Ge- 
ografia,  is  sometimes  given  as  published  at  Rome 
and  Venice,  1554-72.  Forlani's  map,  Universale 
Descrittione,  is  cited  as  of  1565,  1570,  etc.  Cf. 
Thomassy,  Les  Papes  gtographes,  p.  118. 

67.  A.  D.  1558.    America  by  Homem. 

The  original  is  a  MS.  map  by  Diego  Homem  in 
the  British  Museum,  a  part  of  a  large  general  atlas 
by  this  Portuguese  chart-maker,  who  inscribes  it : 
"  Diegus  Homem  cosmographus  fecit  hoc  opus 
anno  salutis,  1558."  The  words  "  munclus  novus  " 
are  in  a  scroll  on  South  America;  but  "America"  in 
small  letters  is  on  the  region  north  of  the  Amazon, 
which  runs  a  general  easterly  course.  The  coast  of 
Chili  and  the  western  coast  of  Patagonia  are  indi- 
cated by  a  dotted  line.  The  California  coast  is  car- 
ried a  short  distance  above  the  peninsula  of  Cali- 
fornia. The  Bay  of  Fundy  runs  nearly  north.  The 
St.  Lawrence  is  broadened  into  a  sea  of  uncertain 
limits.  Cf.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  of  MS.  maps,  1844, 
vol.  i.  p.  27 ;  Harrisse,  Cabots,  p.  243 ;  and  further 
on  atlases  of  this  time  by  Homem  in  Winsor's 
Bibliog.  of  Ptolemy,  sub  1561. 

—  A.  D.  1559. 

Harrisse,  Cabots,  p.  244,  cites  a  mappemonde  of 
Andreas  Homo,  preserved  in  the  Ministry  of  Foreign 
Affairs  at  Paris. 

68.  A.  D.  1560.    America  by  Nicollo  del  Dolfi- 

natto. 

The  original  is  an  engraved  map  belonging  to  the 
Navigations  del  mondo  novo,  published  in  Venice  in 
1560,  and  is  inscribed:  "Opera  di  M.  Nicolle  del 
Delfinatto,  Cosmografo  del  Christianissimo  Re." 
Kohl  points  out  its  resemblance  to  a  map  edited  by 
Forlani  and  made  by  Gastaldi  in  1560,  though  it 
shows  less,  but  on  a  large  scale.  It  shows  from 
Labrador  to  15°  below  the  equator  on  the  east 
coast;  and  omits  all  north  of  Mexico  on  the  west 
coast.  Both  this  and  Forlani's  were  published  by 
the  same  publisher  in  Venice. 

69.  A.  D.  1560.     The  new  world  by  Gastaldi 

and  Forlani. 

An  engraved  map  (in  the  British  Museum)  in- 
scribed :  ""  Paulus  de  Furlanis  Veronensis  opus  hoc 
exmi  Cosmographi  Dni  Jacobi  Gastaldi,  Pedemontani 
instauravit.  .  .  .  Venetiis,  Joann  Francisci  Camotii 
aercis  formis.  .  .  .  Anno  MDLX." 

North  America  is  connected  with  Asia  ;  the  North 
Pacific  extending  only  to  the  40°  N.  Lat.  The 
Amazon  runs  north.  The  La  Plata  is  not  devel- 
oped. A  polar  sea  is  north  of  Labrador. 

The  map  was  again  issued  unchanged,  by  Forlani 
in  1576. 

—  A.  D.  1560. 

A  small  globe  in  the  mathematical  salon  at  Dres- 
den. Cf.  Wieser's  Magalhaes-strasse,  p.  70,  where 
one  by  Johannes  Praetorius  is  referred  to,  as  being 
in  the  same  place,  and  assigned  to  1 568. 


THE   KOHL   COLLECTION    OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


—  A.  D.  1561. 

A  map  by  Girolamo  Ruscelli  in  the  edition  of 
Ptolemy,  published  at  Venice.  The  coasts  of  Cali- 
fornia and  Chili  are  left  uncertain.  The  sarne  book 
has  several  sectional  maps  of  America.  These  maps 
were  repeated  in  the  Ptolemies  of  1562,  1564,  and 

1574- 

An  atlas  of  Bartolomeo  Olives  di  Majorca  in  the 
Royal  archives  at  Naples,  nos.  2  and  3,  showing 
parts  of  North  America  and  the  Antilles.  Cf.  Studi 
biog.  e  bibliog.,  ii.  no.  428. 

An  improved  map  in  Honter's  De  Cosmographies 
rudiment-is,  published  at  Basle. 

—  A.  D.  1662. 

A  map  of  the  younger  Diego  Gutierres.  Har- 
risse,  Cabots,  p.  152. 

—  A.  D.  1562-66. 

Carta  nautica  of  Paolo  Forlani  in  the  National 
library  at  Paris.  It  is  figured  in  Santarem's  Atlas. 
Cf.  Bull,  de  la  soc.  de  geog.  de  Paris,  1839  ;  Studi  biog. 
e  bibliog.,  ii.  p.  142. 

The  catalogue  of  the  King's  maps  in  the  British 
Museum  puts  a  map  of  Forlani  under  1562.  Cf. 
Thomassy,  Les  Papes  geographes,  1 18. 

—  A.  D.  1563. 

Atlas  of  Giorgio  Sideri  detto  Callapoda  di  Candia. 
containing  ten  maps,  one  showing  the  two  hemis" 
pheres,  and  another,  America.  It  is  in  the  Biblio* 
teca  Marciana  at  Venice.  Cf.  Studi,  etc.,  ii.  no.  433. 

—  A.  D.  1564. 

An  atlas  of  Baptista  Agnese,  dated  May  25,  1564, 
referred  to  in  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  of  MSS.,  no.  25442; 
and  another  in  the  Biblioteca  Marciana.  Cf.  Har- 
risse,  Cabots,  189.  There  are  various  undated  atlases 
of  Agnese,  mentioned  in  Winsor's  Bibliog.  of  Pto- 
lemy, sub  1597. 

—  A.  D.  1566. 

An  engraved  map  of  Zaltiere  or  Zalterius  of  Bo- 
logna, measuring  155-  X  lOj  inches,  called  the  earliest 
map  to  show  the  straits  of  Anian.  Cf.  Nar.  and 
Crit.  Hist,  of  America,  iv.  p.  93. 

A  brass  globe  in  the  town  library  at  Nuremberg 
by  Johannes  Praetorius.  Cf.  Ghillany's  Behaim, 
p.  60. 

A  MS.  map  by  Des  Liens  of  Dieppe  in  the  Na- 
tional library  at  Paris.  Cf.  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of 
America,  iv.  78. 

An  engraved  map  of  Johannes  Paulus  Cimberlinus 
of  Verona,  showing  North  America  as  a  part  of  Asia. 
Mr.  Brevoort  has  a  copy.  • 

—  A.  D.  1567. 

An  atlas  of  this  date  is  quoted  by  Santarem  as 
being  in  the  Ternaux  bibliotheque.  Cf.  Bull,  de  la 
Soc.  de  Geog.  de  Paris,  1837  (viii.),  p.  175.  It  shows 
the  new  world. 

70.  A.  D.  1568.     America  by  Homem. 

The  original  is  a  MS.  map  in  the  Royal  library 
at  Dresden,  purporting  to  be  by  "  Diegus  cosmo- 
graphus,"  a  Portuguese  living  in  Venice  in  1568. 
Kohl  identifies  him  with  Diego  Homem,  and  traces 
the  resemblance  of  this  map  to  Homem's  map  of 


1558  (no.  67  ante}.  This  map  has  a  northern  coast 
of  North  America  drawn  in,  which  that  of  1 558  did 
not  have. 

The  La  Plata  river  is  made  something  like  an  inte- 
rior sea,  with  islands,  and  has  a  small  channel  con- 
necting with  the  ocean  on  the  northern  coast  of 
Brazil. 


71.  A.  D. 


The  world. 


A  map  in  a  double-cordiform  projection,  follow- 
ing an  engraved  original  in  the  British  Museum.  Its 
only  inscription  is  "  Ant.  Sal.  exc.  Romae."  A  legend 
on  it  speaks  of  America  being  better  drawn  than  in 
other  contemporary  maps. 

Northern  Asia  extends  in  a  peninsular  shape  round 
the  north  pole,  with  "Groelandia"  as  a  subordinate 
peninsula.  The  "  Baccalearum  regio  "  has  a  group 
of  islands  lying  east  of  it,  called  "  Insule  Corterealis." 
A  "  Fretum  arcticum  "  separates  this  from  the  polar 
land.  The  Amazon  discovered  in  1542  is  left  out. 
The  Chilian  coast  is  "  Littora  incognita." 

It  is  sometimes  assigned  to  about  the  year  1540. 

—  A.  D.  1569. 

The  great  mappemonde  of  Gerard  Mercator.  Cf. 
references  in  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  America,  iv. 
369;  and  in  Winsor's  Bibliog.  of  Ptolemy,  sub  1597. 

72.  A.  D.  1570.    America  by  Ortelius. 

Engraved  map  in  the  first  edition  of  the  Thea- 
trum  Or  bis  Terramni,  of  Abraham  Ortelius,  the 
most  learned  geographer  of  his  time.  He  gives  in 
his  text  accompanying  the  map  about  twenty  Span- 
ish, Italian,  German  and  French  authorities  for  his 
sources,  —  most  of  which  he  might  have  found  in 
Ramusio,  though  his  map  is  far  in  advance  of  that 
presented  by  Ramusio.  This  delineation  of  Ortelius 
with  that  of  Mercator,  may  be  said  to  have  estab- 
lished a  type  for  the  contour  of  the  Americas,  which 
long  prevailed.  For  various  subsequent  issues  see 
Arar.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  America,  iii.  34 ;  iv.  369. 

Reference  may  be  made  to  a  globe  of  this  date 
by  Francisco  Basso,  a  Milanese;  and  a  MS.  map 
by  Jehan  Cossin  of  Dieppe,  in  the  National  library 
at  Paris.  Harrisse,  Cabots,  217. 

—  A.  D.  1572. 

The  mappemonde  in  Porcacchi's  L' Isole  fittfamose 
del  mondo,  published  at  Venice,  repeated  in  later  edi- 
tions, 1576,  1590,  etc.  One  of  them  is  given  in  fac- 
simile in  Stevens's  Notes,  etc. 


—  A.  D.  1573. 

Lelewel,  Rfoyen  age,  vol.  i.  pi.  7,  cites  a  "  Orbis 
terrarum  a  hydrographo  Hispano  in  piano  deline- 
atio." 

—  A.  D.   1574. 

Two  maps  of  the  western  hemisphere  (one  dated 
1574)  in  the  Theatri  Orbis  Tcrranon  Enchiridion  of 
Philippus  Galasus,  "  per  Hugonem  Favolium  illus- 
tratuin,"  published  at  Antwerp  in  1585. 

73.  A.  D.  1575.     America  by  Thevet. 

An  engraved  map,  according  to  Kohl,  in  Thevet's 
La  France  Antarctique  (Brazil  about  Rio  Janeiro), 
published  in  1575  and  1581.  The  map  is  called 
"  Lc  nouveau  monde  decouvert  et  illustre  de  nostre 


i8 


THE    KOHL   COLLECTION   OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


Temps,"  and  though  Thevet  professes  that  he  based 
it  on  new  material,  it  is  largely  a  copy  of  Ortelius, 
with  a  more  profuse  ramification,  to  the  rivers,  of 
which  Thevet  probably  had  no  further  information 
than  Ortelius  had  ;  but  he  gives  some  French  names, 
which  Ortelius  does  not  give.  He  goes  a  little 
farther  north  than  Ortelius.  There  was  also  a  map 
in  Thevet's  Cosmographia. 

Cf.  a  map  in  Belleforest's  Cosmographia, 

74.  A.  D.  1576.    The  world  by  Sir  Humphrey 

Gilbert. 

An  engraved  cordiform  map  in  Gilbert's  Discourse 
of  a  Discovery  for  a  new -passage  to  Cataia,  London, 
1576,  where  the  chart  is  called  "A  general  map 
made  onelye  for  the  particular  declaration  of  this 
discovery."  The  map  is  similar  in  aspect  to  Apian's 
(no.  62),  but  the  northern  waters  of  America  are 
different,  in  order  to  illustrate  Gilbert's  views,  ac- 
cording more  with  Homem's  in  making  open  water 
west  of  Labrador  and  neighboring  parts,  which  are 
made  islands.  There  is  a  facsimile  in  the  Nar.  and 
Crit.  Hist,  of  America,  iii.  ch.  6. 

Wieser  in  his  Magalhacz-Strasse,  p.  72,  refers  to  an 
erd-globus  of  Apian  preserved  in  the  Hof  biblio- 
thek  at  Munich. 

75.  A.  D.  1578.    The  world  by  Martines. 

A  MS.  map  in  the  British  Museum,  marked : 
"Joan.  Martines  en  Messina,  ani,  1578."  It  is  of 
a  double  hemispherical  projection,  and  in  outline 
America  is  of  the  Ortelius  type,  though  very  differ- 
ent in  the  region  of  the  St.  Lawrence. 

The  British  Museum  Catalogue  of  MS.  maps,  i. 
p.  29,  shows  the  Martines  atlas  to  contain  various 
American  maps:  I,  the  world;  2,  the  two  hemis- 
pheres ;  3,  the  world  in  gores  ;  10,  west  coast  of 
America;  n,  coast  of  Mexico;  12,  13,  South  Amer- 
ica; 14,  Gulf  of  Mexico;  15,  part  of  east  coast  of 
North  America. 

76.  A.  D.  1578. 

A  duplicate  of  no.  75,  —  less  perfect. 

77.  A.  D.  1578.     The  world  by  Martines. 

A  MS.  map,  smaller  than  nos.  75  and  76,  likewise 
in  the  British  Museum,  and  differing  in  parts  from 
that  map,  particularly  in  the  St.  Lawrence  region; 
and  in  making  the  Amazon  a  long  river,  rising  in 
Patagonia,  while  in  the  other  map,  it  has  a  short 
course  and  is  all  north  of  the  La  Plata.  The  moun- 
tain ranges  in  both  Americas  stretch  cast  and  west. 

The  British  Museum  MSS.,  no.  22018,  is  a  porto- 
lano  of  Martines,  dated  1579.  The  Brit.  AIus.  Cat. 
of  AIS.  maps,  1844,  i.  31,  gives  a  map  of  the  world 
by  Martines  (suh  anno  1582).  The  South  American 
part  is  facsimiled  in  colors  in  Bibliophile  Jacob's 
Moyen  Age. 

78.  A.  D.  1578.    The  world  by  Frobisher. 

An  engraved  sketch  in  Best's  True  Discourse,  re- 
garding Frobisher's  voyage,  showing  that  command- 
er's view  of  a  passage,  called  after  himself,  connect- 
ing the  Atlantic  with  the  Straits  of  Anian.  The 
coasts  discovered  since  Ptolemy's  time  are  drawn  in 
pricked  lines.  Cf.  Collinson's  Frobisher,  and  Nar. 
and  Crit.  Hist,  of  America,  iii.  ch.  3. 

There  is  a  mappemonde  in  the  Speculum  Orbis 
terra  rum  of  Cellarius. 


—  A.  D.  1582. 

An  elliptical  mappemonde  in  Popelliniere's  Trols 
mondes.  It  is  of  the  Ortelius  and  Mercator  type. 

A  mappemonde  by  A.  Millo  is  numbered  27470  in 
the  Brit.  Mus.  MSS. 

—  A.  D.  1583. 

Map  in  the  edition  of  this  year  of  Reisch's  Mar- 
garitha  philosopliica,  published  at  Basle.  Cf.  Uri- 
coechea,  Map.  Colomb.,  no.  15. 

79.  A.  D.  1587.    The  world  by  Myritius, 

An  engraved  map  in  the  Opiisctilum  geographiatm 
rarum  per  Joannem  Myritium  Mclitensem.  Ingol- 
stad :  i  anno  MDCCCC",  the  map  being  called 
"  Universalis  orbis  descriptio."  Myritius  was  a 
knight  of  Malta,  and  dates  his  preface  in  1587,  when 
Kohl  conjectures  his  map  (of  which  he  gives  no  ac- 
count) may  have  been  made. 

The  map  makes  North  America  a  part  of  Asia, 
resembling  in  this  respect  that  of  Forlani  of  1560. 

Reference  may  be  made  under  this  date  to  the 
map  in  Ilakluyt's  edition  of  Peter  Martyr,  pub- 
lished in  Paris.  There  is  a  facsimile  in  Stevens's 
Notes,  &c. ;  and  a  sketch  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist. 
of  America,  iii.  p.  42. 

The  map  in  the  Ortelius  of  this  year  was  repeated 
in  the  edition  of  1598.  Uricoechea,  no.  16. 

80.  A.  D.  1589.     The  world  by  Hakluyt. 

An  engraved  map  in  Hakluyt's  Principall  ATavi- 
gations,  London,  1589.  Kohl  points  out  how  South 
America  is  improved  over  Ortelius's  delineation; 
but  he  remarks  as  singular,  that  Drake  and  New 
Albion,  Raleigh  and  Virginia,  with  Frobisher  and 
his  straits  should  be  ignored  in  North  America  by 
an  English  authority.  There  is  also  no  trace  of 
Drake  in  the  regions  about  Magellan's  straits,  —  the 
Spanish  authorities  seemingly  furnishing  all  the  in- 
formation Hakluyt  had.  He  calls  North  America, 
"America  sive  India  nova." 

81.  A.  D.  1589. 

A  duplicate  of  no.  So,  —  less  perfect. 

82.  A.  D.  1589.     The  world  by  Hondius. 

An  engraved  map,  on  which  a  statement  that  it  is 
intended  to  show  the  tracks  of  Drake  and  Caven- 
dish, is  signed  by  Jodicus  Hondius,  1589.  The  cir- 
cumnavigations of  these  two  English  explorers  are 
marked  by  pricked  lines;  and  in  one  corner  a  small 
sketch  of  Drake's  harbor  on  the  California  coast, 
"  Portus  novae  Albionis,"  is  made.  Tierra  del  Fuego 
is  made  a  group  of  islands  for  the  first  time,  while 
the  great  antarctic  continent  is  contracted  on  this 
side  nearer  the  southern  pole,  though  it  is  made  to 
extend  as  far  as  the  tropic  of  Capricorn  on  the  other 
side  of  the  globe.  In  an  inscription  referring  to  the 
Tierra  del  Fuego  group  Hondius  remarks  that  Cav- 
endish and  the  Spaniards  do  not  accept  Drake's 
views,  making  a  continent  the  southern  boundary 
of  the  Straits  of  Magellan  ;  and  on  later  maps  Hon- 
dius seems  to  have  accepted  these  other  views.  Cf. 
Uricoechea,  no.  25. 

83.  A.  n.  1 589.    America  by  Cornelius  Judaeus. 

The  western  portion  of  a  map  called  :  "  Tot  his 
orbis  cogniti  universalis  descriptio.  Corn.  Judaeus. 


THE   KOHL   COLLECTION   OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


Antuerpia.  Pridie  Cal.  Nov.  A.  1589,  fecit."  It 
follows  the  Ortelius  and  Mercator  type;  and  it  par- 
ticularly resembles  the  Mercator  map  of  1587.  It 
has  the  usual  antarctic  continent. 

Cf.  a  map  of  Judaeus  in  his  Speculum  or  bis  terrae, 

1593- 

—  A.  D.  1592. 

The  Molineaux  globe  preserved  in  the  Middle 
Temple,  London. 

—  A.  D.  1593. 

Map  resembling  the  Ortelius  type  in  the  Historia- 
riim  Indicarum  libri  xvi.  of  Maffeius.  Cf.  Uricoe- 
chea,  no.  19. 

84.  A.  D.  1594.     America  by  Peter  Flancius. 

An  engraved  map  entitled  :  "  Orbis  terrarum  typus 
de  integro  multis  in  locis  emendatior  auctore  Petro 
Plancio,  1594."  Kohl  points  out  its  resemblance 
to  Hakluyt's  map  of  1589.  Plancius  gives  the  four 
large  islands  about  the  north  pole,  which  Purchas 
says  were  invented  by  Mercator.  There  are  indica- 
tions of  Frobisher's  Voyage ;  but  none  of  Drake's. 
Kohl  thinks  that  Plancius  had  Spanish  and  Portu- 
guese originals,  which  are  unknown  to  us,  and  which 
he  used  to  advantage  in  drawing  the  interior  parts  of 
South  America. 

The  map  is  found  in  the  Dutch  edition  of  Lin- 
schoten,  1596.  Blundevile,  in  his  Exercises,  speaks 
of  a  Plancius  map  "lately  put  forth  in  the  yeere  of 
our  lord,  1592."  The  same  map  re-engraved,  but  not 
credited  to  Plancius  is  in  the  Latin  Linschoten,  1599. 
The  English  Linschoten  of  1598  has  the  map  of  the 
Hakluyt  of  1589,  re-engraved  from  Ortelius. 

Under  this  year  also,  we  must  put  De  Bry's  maps 
of  the  world,  of  this  and  later  dates ;  contained  in 
the  Great  Voyages,  parts  iv.  and  xii. 

Cf.  also  a  map  of  the  world  by  Quadus. 

Santarem  cites  as  in  the  Propaganda  at  Rome  a 
portolano  of  Jean  Oliva,  the  sixth  of  whose  maps  is 
a  planisphere  showing  the  Straits  of  Magellan.  Cf. 
Bull,  de  la  Soc.  de  Gcog.  (1847),  vii.  308,  where  is  also 
as  no.  xii.,  another  portolano  of  the  sixteenth  century, 
without  name  or  date,  but  showing  on  one  of  its 
maps  the  eastern  coast  of  America ;  and  again,  p.  313, 
still  another  of  the  same  century. 

—  A.  D.  1595-98. 

The  map  in  Giovanni  Botero's  Relation}  universal!, 
Venice,  1595,  and  later.  Cf.  O*  Callaghan  Catalogue, 
nos.  339,  340 ;  Sabin's  Dictionary,  ii.  6799 ;  Rich 
(1832),  no.  96.  There  was  a  later  edition  in  1603; 
Relaciones  universales  del  ATundo,  published  at  Valla- 
dolid,  which  contains  both  a  map  of  the  world,  and 
one  of  the  two  Americas. 


—  A.  D.  1595. 
A  Dutch  map  of  the  world  by  Loew. 

• —  A.  D.  1596. 

The  maps  in  the  edition  of  Ptolemy,  printed  at 
Venice,  and  repeated  in  editions  under  date  of  1597, 
1608  and  1617. 

85.  A.  D.  1597.    The  world  by  Forro. 

A  small  engraved  map,  marked  "  Universi  orbis 
descriptio  a  Hieronymo  Porro  Pativino  incisa."  It 


is  of  the  Mercator  type ;  and  having  been  first 
printed  separately,  was  later  published  in  an  edition 
of  Ptolemy  at  Cologne  in  1597,  and  in  another  at 
Venice  in  1598.  America  is  called  "  Ameria,  sive 
India  nova."  There  is  the  usual  Southern  polar 
continent.  This  and  other  maps  showing  America 
are  numbered  2,  29,  34,  and  35  in  the  Ptolemy  of 
I597- 

Under  this  date  also,  is  a  map  of  the  Ortelius  type 
in  Wytfliet's  continuation  of  Ptolemy.  There  is  a 
facsimile  of  it  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  Amer- 
ica, vol.  ii. 

The  globe  of  Hondius,  embodying  discoveries  in 
America. 

The  map  in  Magninus's  Geographia. 

86.  A.  D.  1598.    The  world  by  Molineaux. 

An  engraved  map,  belonging,  as  Kohl  asserts,  to 
the  1598  edition  of  Hakluyt,  but  rarely  found  in  it. 
The  facsimile  of  it  issued  by  the  Hakluyt  society  in 
1880,  is  dated  1600.  Kohl  refers  to  Hakluyt's  prom- 
ise in  the  1589  edition  to  give  a  map  by  Molineaux, 
and  traces  the  correspondences  in  this  map  to  the 
globe  in  the  Middle  Temple,  assigned  to  Molineaux. 
The  map  is  an  attempt  to  carry  out  some  geographi- 
cal problems  on  theoretical  grounds,  as  compare  his 
treatment  of  the  St.  Lawrence  and  the  Lakes.  The 
California  coast  is  not  carried  north  of  Drake's  New 
Albion.  He  omits  the  antarctic  continent  and  Mer- 
cator's  arctic  islands,  and  the  northern  coasts  of 
America  and  Asia.  He  ignores  the  usual  fabulous 
Atlantic  islands,  except  Frisland,  which  he  puts 
southwest  of  Iceland.  He  makes  an  insular  group 
of  Tierra  del  Fuego,  and  removes  the  protuberant 
part  of  the  contour  of  the  Chilian  coast,  as  repre- 
sented by  Mercator  and  Ortelius;  though  he  pre-. 
serves  a  smaller  projection  nearer  the  Straits  of 
Magellan.  In  this  he  assigns  the  explorations  of 
Drake  in  1577  and  of  Sarmiento  and  Cavendish  in 
1587,  as  authorities.  Contrary  to  most  maps  of  the 
time  he  makes  the  Pacific  in  lat.  38°,  1200  leagues 
wide,  and  the  distance  from  Cape  St.  Lucas  to  Cape 
Mendocino  600  leagues. 

A  map  of  the  Ortelius  type  is  in  Miinster's  Cos- 
mographia.  The  Italian  Ortelius  of  this  year,  // 
theatro  del  Alondo,  published  at  Brescia,  has  three 
maps  showing  America,  pp.  i,  3  and  n. 

—  A.  D.  1 599. 

A  portolano  of  G.  Oliva.  Brit.  Mus.  MSS.,  no. 
24943. 

87.  A.  D.  1600  (?)     Spanish  map  of  America. 

An  engraved  map  in  the  British  Museum,  pub- 
lished about  1600,  and  showing  the  Ortelius  and 
Mercator  type,  but  more  closely  resembling  that  of 
Ortelius  (1570).  It  has  the  great  southern  conti- 
nent. Kohl  says  that  the  British  Museum  Catalogue 
says  it  was  published  in  Madrid;  but  he  has  doubts, 
and  thinks  if  so,  that  the  editing  was  not  done  by  a 
native  Spaniard  ;  and  he  is  inclined  to  place  it  sev- 
eral years  earlier  than  1600. 

A  map,  based  on  Wytfliet,  in  the  America  sire 
nevus  orbis  of  Metellus,  was  published  at  Cologne, 
in  this  year.  Uricoechea,  no.  24. 

88.  A.  D.  1601.    America  by  Herrera. 

i 

Ad  engraved  map  in  the  1601  edition  of  Herrera's 
Descripcion  de  las  Indias.  It  shows  the  line  of  de- 
marcation, on  both  sides  of  the  globe,  in  accordance 
with  Spanish  views.  A  distinguishing  feature  is  the 


20 


THE    KOHL   COLLECTION   OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


great  width  of  the  northern  Pacific.  It  was  repro- 
duced in  the  edition  of  1622;  and  in  the  Torque- 
mada  of  1723  with  some  changes. 

—  A.  D.  1602. 

Gabriel  Talton's  chart  showing  the  east  coast  of 
the  two  Americas,  preserved  in  the  National  Library 
at  Florence.  Cf.  Studi,  etc.,  ii.  no.  453. 

Giovanni  Costo's  planisphere  of  the  old  and  new 
world,  given  by  M.  Canale  to  Edw.  Lester,  U.  S. 
Consul  at  Genoa,  in  1844.  Cf.  Studi,  etc.,  ii.  p.  181. 

89.  A.  D.  1606.    The  -world  by  Cespedes. 

An  engraved  map  in  Cespedes's  Regimiento  de 
Navigation,  Madrid,  1606.  It  is  of  small  size,  as  were 
all  the  maps  of  the  new  world  published  in  Spain. 
It  resembles  no.  88,  and  ignores  the  English  and 
French  discoveries  in  North  America.  The  western 
line  of  demarcation  corresponds  to  Herrera ;  the 
eastern  is  more  favorable  to  Portugal.  The  north- 
ern shores  of  America  and  Asia  are  but  vaguely 
sketched. 

—  A.  D.  1608. 

Map  in  Gotardus  Arthus's  Historia  Indies  orien- 
talis,  published  at  Cologne.  Uricoechea,  no.  26. 

90.  A.  D.  1613.    The  world  by  Oliva. 

From  a  MS.  portolano  preserved  in  the  Egerton 
MSS.  in  the  British  Museum.  The  general  map  is 
called  "  Typus  orbis  terrarum."  It  is  inscribed : 
"Joannes  Oliva  fecit  in  civitate  Marsillias,  Ano 
1613."  It  has  most  of  the  points  of  Hakluyt's 
map ;  but  gives  South  America  better.  It  has  the 
usual  arctic  islands  and  antarctic  continent  of  this 
period.  The  language  of  its  names  is  Italian,  occa- 
sionally Latin.  The  Catalogue  of  MS.  maps,  Brit. 
Mus.,  1844,  i.  33,  shows  this  portolano  to  contain 
maps  of  the  east  coast  of  North  America,  of  the 
West  Indies,  and  of  South  America. 

The  Brit.  Mus.  MSS.,  25714,  is  a  map  of  the 
world  by  Oliva,  put  under  1609. 

Maps  of  the  world,  and  of  America  in  the  Delec- 
tionis  Freti  of  Hudson,  edited  by  II .  Gerritz. 

A  map  of  America  by  Michael  Mercator  in  the 
1613  edition  of  Mercator's  Atlas. 

—  A.  D.  1620. 

An  atlas  by  Salvatore  Oliva  in  the  Biblioteca 
Laurenziana,  Florence,  showing  the  two  Americas. 
Cf.  Studi,  &c.,  ii.  p.  1 86. 

—  A.  D.  1625. 

Hondius's  map  of  the  two  Americas  in  Purchas's 
Pilgrimes,  iii.  857. 

—  A.  D.  1626. 

The  map  in  John  Speed's  Prospect,  engraved  by 
Abraham  Goos. 

91.  A.  D.  1628.    The  world  (Drake's  Voyage). 

An  engraved  map  of  small  size  for  The  World  cn- 
compassed  by  Sir  Francis  Drake,  London,  1628.  The 
southern  continent  is  called  "  Magallanica."  Cali- 
fornia is  an  island. 

The  map  is  by  Jodocus  Hondins,  and  is  repro- 
duced in  the  Hakluyt  Society's  ed.  of  The  World 
encompassed.  Cf.  the  Ilondius  map  in  the  1613  ed. 
of  Mercator's  Atlas.  Cf.  Uricoechea,  nos.  29,  30. 


92.  A.  D.  1630.    America  by  De  Laet. 

An  engraved  map,  "  America;  sive  Indiae  occi- 
dentalis  tabula  generalis,"  in  De  Laet's  Nieuwe\ 
Wereldt,  published  at  Leyden  in  1630.  He  credits' 
Hessel  Gerritz  with  making  the  maps  from  the  best 
published  and  collected  information  which  De  Laet 
could  gather  for  his  use.  North  America  above 
Labrador  and  Cape  Mendocino  is  omitted.  Cali- 
fornia is  a  peninsula,  though  it  was  generally  made 
an  island  at  this  time.  South  America  is  too  broad. 
The  southern  shore  of  Tierra  del  Fuego  is  left  un- 
defined. There  is  no  southern  continent.  It  was 
repeated  in  the  various  editions  of  De  Laet. 


III. 
NORTH    AMERICA. 

*#*  Maps  of  THE  Two  AMERICAS  contained  in  Section  II. 
need  of  course  to  be  consulted  to  perfect  this  enumeration  of  th* 
delineations  of  North  A  merica. 

93.  A.  D.    1525.    North    America    by    Lorenz 

Friess. 

From  the  "  Carta  marina  Portugalensium,"  made 
in  1525  by  the  German  geographer,  Friess.  What  is 
shown  of  North  America  is  the  coast  from  Yucatan 
(apparently  an  island)  well  up  the  eastern  coast  of 
the  present  United  States,  or  even  farther.  The 
continent  is  called  "  Terra  de  Cuba,  partis  affrice," 
while  the  island,  Cuba  (not  named),  is  partly  shown. 
The  whole  geography  is  very  confused  and  uncer- 
tain, and  a  segment  of  a  large  land  or  island  on  the 
eastern  edge  of  the  map  may  perhaps,  as  Kohl 
thinks,  stand  for  Newfoundland.  There  are  names 
on  the  map  which  we  cannot  trace  to  Ayllon  or 
Ponce  de  Leon  ;  which  leads  Kohl  to  suspect  other 
voyagers  on  the  coast  of  which  we  have  no  other 
knowledge.  It  very  likely  preserves  some  of  the 
sources  used  in  the  Cantino  map. 

—  A.  D.  circa  1550. 

Atlas  of  about  the  middle  of  the  century,  pre- 
served in  the  Riccarcli  palace  at  Florence ;  has  some 
maps  of  North  America.  Cf.  Jahrbuch  dcs  Vereins 
fiir  Erdkunde  in  Dresden,  1870,  pi.  vi.  and  ix. 

94.  A.  D.  1566.  North  America  by  Zaltieri. 

A  map  engraved  on  copper  at  Venice  in  1566.  It 
resembles  no.  69  for  North  America,  except  that  in 
the  present  map  the  Straits  of  Anian  separate  North 
America  from  Asia.  The  whole  of  the  northeastern 
part  is  erroneous ;  and  it  is  not  easy  to  define  corre- 
spondences. Newfoundland  is  seemingly  a  group 
of  islands.  A  large  lake,  not  connected  with  what 
is  apparently  meant  for  the  Saint  Lawrence,  flows 
through  a  river  called  "  S.  Lorenzo,"  which  might 
stand  for  the  Penobscot.  It  is  sketched  in  the  Arar. 
and  Crit.  Hist,  of  America,  iv.  93.  It  may  be  com- 
pared with  a  map  of  Des  Liens  (North  America)  of 
this  same  year  (1566).  There  is  an  original  in 
Harvard  College  Library. 

—  A.  D.    I  568. 

A  map  of  Dicgus  fllomem]  preserved  in  the 
Royal  Library  at  Dresden. 

95.  A.  D.  1575.   North  America  by  Porcacchi. 

A  map  entitled,  "  Mondo  nuovo  "  in  Porcacchi's 
L1  Isole  pin  famose  del  mondo  (1576),  engraved  by  G. 


THE   KOHL   COLLECTION   OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


21 


Porro.  The  text  is  largely  based  on  Bordone.  The 
map  is  little  more  than  a  reduction  of  Zaltieri 
(no.  94). 

It  originally  appeared  in  the  1572  edition;  and 
was  repeated  in  the  1576  edition.  It  is  sketched  in 
the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  America,  iv.  96. 

—  A.  D.  1578. 

The  Martines  Atlas  in  the  British  Museum,  shows 
(nos.  10  and  15)  the  coasts  of  North  America.  It  is 
sketched  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  America, 
iv.  97. 

96.  A.  D.  1580.  North  America  by  J.  Dee. 

A  MS.  map  in  the  British  Museum  presented  by 
Dr.  Dee  to  Queen  Elizabeth,  but  perhaps  not  made 
by  him,  since  it  is  not  in  his  autograph.  The  Cali- 
fornia coast  is  carried  well  up  beyond  the  peninsula ; 
but  there  are  no  traces  of  Drake's  New  Albion. 
The  St.  Lawrence  Gulf  (except  the  west  coast  of 
Newfoundland)  and  river  (without  the  lakes  or  any 
corresponding  water)  is  very  well  denned.  It  is 
sketched  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  America, 
iv.  98. 

97.  A.  D.  1582.    North  America  by  Lok. 

An  engraved  map  in  Hakluyt's  Divers  Voyages, 
1582,  since  repeated  in  the  Hakluyt  Society's  edi- 
tion of  that  book,  and  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of 
America,  iii.  40 ;  iv.  44. 

98.  A.  D.  1593.  North  America  by  Judeeis. 

Inscribed  "  Americse  pars  borealis,  Florida,  Bac- 
calaos,  Canada,  Corterealis,  a  Cornelio  de  Juclaeis  in 
lucem  edita,  1593."  It  belongs  to  his  Speculum  Orbis 
terra.  It  is  sketched  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of 
America,  iv.  97. 

99.  A.  D.  1600.  North  America  by  Quaden,  or 

Quadus. 

Engraved  map  by  Mathias  Quaden,  or  Quadus, 
which  appeared  in  the  Geographisches  Handbuch, 
Cologne,  1600,  and  is  entitled,  "  Nova  Orbis  pars 
borealis."  The  Pacific  coast  above  Lower  California 
is  not  shown.  The  northern  parts  are  of  the  Mer- 
cator  type.  The  Central  America  region  is  omit- 
ted. The  mountain  ranges  run  east  and  west.  It  is 
sketched  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  America, 
iv.  101. 


100.  A.  D.  1625.     North  America   [by  Briggs] 
from  Purchas. 

Engraved  map  in  Purchas's  Pilgrimes,  vol.  iii. 
Kohl  says  it  has  more  original  value  than  the  other 
maps  in  that  volume.  Hudson's  Bay  is  left  with  a 
part  of  the  western  bounds  of  it  unfixed,  while  the 
western  coast  of  the  continent  is  not  drawn  above 
45°, — indicating  by  legends  on  the  map  a  supposed 
northwest  passage.  California  is  shown  as  an  island, 
with  a  northern  limit  under  42°,  "  as  appears  by  a 
map  brought  to  London  out  of  Holland." 

—  A.  D.  1635-1636  (?) 

The  undated  America  Scptentrionalis  of  Joannes 
Jannsen,  published  at  Amsterdam.  The  Novissima 
et  accuratissima  totiits  America  Descriptio  per  N.  Vis- 
scher,  of  about  the  same  date.  The  English  trans- 
lation by  Henry  Hexham  of  the  Hondius-Mercator 
Atlas,  printed  at  Amsterdam  in  1636,  has  in  vol.  i.  a 


map  of  the  world,  showing  much  the  same  configu- 
ration as  is  given  in  vol.  ii.  in  a  general  map  of 
America,  particularly  as  regards  the  northern  parts. 

—  A.  D.  1644. 

A  map  of  America  in  an  edition  of  Linschoten, 
published  at  Amsterdam.  It  is  of  the  Mercator 
type. 

—  A.'D.  1646. 

Two  maps  of  America,  "Petrus  Koerius  caelavit 
Anno  do.  1646,"  in  Speed's  Prospect  of  the  most 
Famous  Parts  of  the  World,  London,  1668. 

—  A.  D.  1650. 

An  engraved  map  of  North  America  by  Sanson 
d'Abbeville.  Harrisse,  Notes  sur  la  Nouv.  France, 
no.  325. 

—  A.  D.  1651. 

An  edition  of  Speed's  Prospect,  1676,  has  a  map 
of  the  world  dated  1651,  showing  North  America. 

—  A.  D.  1652. 

A  map  by  Visscher,  America  nova  descriptio,  marked 
"  Autore  N.  I.  Piscator." 

—  A.  D.  1655. 

A  map  in  America,  or  an  exact  description  of  the 
West  Indies. 

—  A.  D.  1656-1663. 

Dr.  Peter  Heylyn's  map  of  America,  in  his  Cos- 
mographia,  Robert  Vaughan,  sculp.  There  were  later 
editions. 

—  A.  D.  1657. 

The  Amerique  Septentrionale  of  G.  Sanson  and 
later  editions. 

—  A.  D.  1659. 

A  "  New  and  accurate  map  of  the  world  "  in  the 
History  of  the  World,  by  Dion  Petau  or  Petavius, 
London,  1659- 

—  A.  D.  1 666. 

W.  Hollar's  map  of  America.  Cf.  Catalogue  King's 
maps  in  Brit.  Museum,  i.  23. 

—  A.  D.  1669. 

The  map  of  North  America  in  Blome's  Description 
of  the  World ;  again  in  1670,  following  Sanson. 

—  A.  D.  1670. 

The  map  in  Ogilby's  America. 

—  A.  D.  1673-74. 

Joliet's  earliest  map,  showing  North  America,  of 
which  a  reproduction  is  given  in  the  Revue  de  Geog- 
raphic, iSSo,  and  in  other  places;  and  a  sketch  in 
the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  America,  iv.  208. 

—  A.  D.  1678. 

Map  of  the  world  in  Kircher's  Mundus  Subterra- 
neus  (Amsterdam),  of  the  Ortelius  type. 


22 


THE   KOHL  COLLECTION   OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


—  A.  D.  1681-84. 

Franquelin's  MS.  map  of  1681  made  from  Joliet's 
data,  of  which  there  is  a  sketch  in  the  Nar.  and 
Crit.  Hist,  of  America,  iv.  218;  a  configuration  more 
elaborately  worked  out  in  his  great  map  of  1684,  of 
of  which  there  is  a  sketch  in  Ibid.  iv.  228. 

—  A.  D.  1683. 

Hennepin's  map  of  North  America,  dated  1683, 
1697. 

—  A.  D.  1685-98  and  later. 

The  map  in  R.  Burton's  [N.  Crouch's]  English 
Empire  in  America, 

—  A.  D.  1691. 

Map  of  North  America  in  Leclercq's  Etablisse- 
ment  de  la  Foi,  reproduced  in  Shea's  translation  of 
that  book. 

—  A.  D.  1692-93. 

Sanson's  map  of  North  America  (1692);  and  the 
map  published  at  Amsterdam  in  1693  by  Mortier. 
There  were  later  dates. 

—  A.  D.  1694. 

L'Ameriqne  Septcntrionale  of  Hubert  Jaillot;  and 
his  map  of  the  world  in  1696. 

—  A.  D.  1700. 

Delisle's  map  of  America. 

—  A.  D.  1702. 

The  map  of  North  America  in  Campanius'  Nya 
Swerige,  of  which  there  is  a  facsimile  in  the  Nar. 
and  Crit.  Hist,  of  America,  iv.  394. 

—  A.  D.  1 709. 

La  Hon tan's  map,  Carte  Generale  de  Canada.  The 
1703  edition  has  a  sectional  map. 

—  A.  D.  1710. 

John  Senex's  map  of  North  America,  of  which 
there  is  a  reproduction  in  David  Mill's  Report  on  the 
Boundaries  of  the  Province  of  Ontario,  Toronto,  1873. 

—  A.  D.  1717. 

Herman  Moll's  map  of  North  America,  in  his 
Atlas.  Moll's  maps  were  used  in  Oldmixon's  Amer- 
ica, 1708  and  1741. 

—  A.  D.  1714-22. 

The  Hemisphere  septentrional  of  Guillaume  de 
1'Isle ;  and  his  Carte  d'Amerique. 

—  A.  D.  1731. 

UAmlrique  mise  au  jour  far  Danet,  Paris. 

—  A.  D.  1733. 

Henry  Popple's  Map  of  the  British  Empire  in 
America,  with  the  French  and  Spanish  Settlements 
adjacent  thereto. 


—  A.  D.  1738. 

Map  of  America  in  Keith's  Pennsylvania. 

—  A.  D.  1740. 

Delisle's  map  of  North  America,  of  which  there  is 
a  reproduction  in  Mill's  Boundaries  of  Ontario,  1873. 

—  A.  D.  1741. 

Moll's  map  of  North  America  in  Oldmixon's 
British  Empire. 

—  A.  D.  1744. 

Bellin's  map  in  the  Noiivelle  France  of  Charlevoix, 
and  his  map  of  the  world  in  1748. 

—  A.  D.  1746. 

The  Amlrique  Septentrionale  of  D  'Anville  ;  and 
the  America  Mappa  of  Homann. 

—  A.  D.  1747. 

The  North  America  of  Bowen's  Geography. 

—  A.  D.  1755-56. 

D'Anville's  map  of  North  America,  and  the  repro- 
duction of  it,  "  improved  "  in  Douglass's  Summary 
of  the  British  Settlements  in  North  America,  1755 
(English  edition).  The  map  in  John  Haske's  Present 
State  of  North  America  (20!  ed.)  showing  the  extent 
of  the  British  claim  to  territory  and  the  map  (1756) 
in  Mill's  Boundaries  of  Ontario  (1873)  showing  the 
French  claim. 

—  A.  D.  1757. 

L '  Amerique  Septentrionale,  published  by  Covens 
and  Mortier  at  Amsterdam ;  and  that  in  Robert  de 
Vaugondy's  Atlas  Universd. 

—  A.  D.  1760. 

L'Amcrique,  par  Sanson  rcctifiee  par  Robert,  con- 
tained with  others  in  Van  der  Aa's  La  Galerie  agrea- 
ble  du  Monde. 

—  A.  D.  1762. 

L' Amcrique  par  Janvier  in  the  Atlas  Moderne. 

—  A.  D.  1763. 

Delisle's  UAmeriqne  of  1722,  corrected  by  Buache. 
Mat.  Scutterius'  map  of  North  America. 
Bowen's  Map  of  North  America. 

*#*  The  maps  at  this  time,  and  later,  gave  the  new  definitions 
of  bounds,  as  fixed  by  the  Treaty  of  Paris  in  1763. 


IV. 

NORTHERN  PARTS  OF  NORTH 
AMERICA. 

***  The  maps  in  Sections  II.  and  III.  need  to  be  consulted 
to  supplement  the  enumeration  of  the  present  section. 

—  A.  D.  1496-1631. 

J.  W.  Runclall's  map  (modern  surveys)  of  Arctic 
explorations  (Baffin's  Bay,  Hudson's  Bay,  etc.)  be- 
tween these  years  is  in  Thomas  Rundall's  Voyages 


THE   KOHL   COLLECTION    OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


towards  the  Northwest,  published  by  the  Hakluyt 
Society,  1849.  See  also  Petermann's  "  Karte  der 
Arktischen  und  Antarktischen  Regionen,  zur  Uber- 
sicht  der  Entdeckungsgeschichte "  in  his  Geogra- 
phische  Mittheilungen,  xiv.  (1865)  pi.  12;  und  Er- 
ganzungsband,  iv.  no.  16,  pi.  i  ;  and  the  map  in 
Peschel's  Geschichte  der  Erdkunde,  ed.  Ruge,  1877, 
p.  288. 

101.  A.  D.  1503.  The  North  Atlantic. 

From  a  Portuguese  portolano,  showing  the  north- 
ern coasts,  above  Nova  Scotia.  Greenland  is 
tolerably  drawn  with  a  broad  expanse  of  water 
on  the  west  (Baffin's  Bay).  A  second  Greenland 
(Engronelant)  is  drawn  as  a  peninsula  extending 
from  Scandinavia,  as  in  earlier  maps,  and  sepa- 
rated from  the  true  Greenland  by  a  passage  to  the 
polar  seas. 

—  A.  D.  1503-1504. 

A  Portuguese  chart  showing  the  northeastern 
'Coast,  given  in  Kohl's  Discovery  of  Maine,  p.  174; 
*nd  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  America,  iv.  35. 

—  A.  D.  1514-1520. 

The  coast  from  Nova  Scotia  to  Labrador,  as 
shown  in  a  sketch  given  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist, 
of  America,  iii.  56.  It  is  a  portion  of  a  chart  giving 
a  large  part  of  the  coast.  Cf.  Kohl,  Discovery  of 
Maine,  p.  179 ;  Stevens'  Notes,  and  Kunstmann's 
Atlas. 

—  A.  D.  1522-1525. 

A  map  of  Lorenz  Friess  in  the  Ptolemy  of  1522 
shows  Greenland  as  an  elongated  island  in  the  N.  W. 
of  Europe.  There  is  a  facsimile  of  it  in  Norden- 
skiold's  Broderna  Zenos,  Stockholm,  1883.  This  map 
is  not  contained  in  the  1525  edition  of  Ptolemy,  where 
a  map,  "  Tab.  nova  Norbergias  et  Gottice,"  shows 
Greenland  as  a  much  broader  peninsula  of  North- 
western Europe,  called  "  Engronelant."  No.  49  of 
the  1525  edition  is  still  another  delineation,  repre- 
senting "  Gronlanda  "  as  a  long,  narrow  peninsula  ex- 
tending southwesterly  from  the  northwest  of  Europe. 
A  reproduction  of  this  map,  ascribed  to  Ancuparius, 
the  editor  of  the  Ptolemy  of  1522,  is  given  in  Wit- 
sen's  Noord  en  Oost  Tartarye,  vol.  ii.  (1705). 

102.  A.  D.  1525.  Labrador  and  Greenland,  by 

Loreuz  Friess. 

From  the  atlas  of  Lorenz  Friess,  1525,  Labrador 
is  called  "Terra  nova  Conterati "  (of  Cortereal), 
who  is  said  in  a  legend  to  have  discovered  it  in  1510, 
instead  of  1501.  The  abundance  of  herring  and  stock- 
fish (cod)  on  the  coast  is  mentioned.  The  southern 
part  of  Greenland  is  east  of  Davis  Straits.  "  Terra 
laboratoris  "  is  made  an  island,  west  of,  and  near  to 
the  lower  point  of  Greenland.  The  Azores  (Has 
Axagoras)  are  shown. 

—  A.  D.  1532. 

A  map  in  Ziegler's  Scondia,  etc.,  published  in  Stras- 
burg,  and  again  in  1 536,  gives  a  sweep  of  unbroken 
coast  which  he  calls  "Terra  Baccalaos,"  "  Ulteriora 
Gronlandia,"  "  Incognita."  Both  editions  are  in  the 
Carter-Brown  Library  (Catalogue,  \.  nos.  103,  120). 
There  are  copies  of  the  1532  edition  in  the  Collec- 
tions of  Mr.  Chas.  Deane  and  Mr.  Jas.  Carson  Bre- 
voort. 


103.  A.  D.  1534.  Labrador  by  Bordone. 

Engraved  map  in  his  f solaria,  Venice,  1534.  The 
country  is  called  "  Terra  de  lavoratore  " ;  and  it  is 
the  earliest  extension  of  a  large  island  which  may, 
as  Kohl  thinks,  stand  for  North  America,  whose 
S.  W.  point  is  separated  by  a  strait  from  the  "  Mondo 
Novo"  (South  America).  If  this  conjecture  is  cor- 
rect the  strait  corresponds  to  such  a  passage,  as 
shown  in  other  maps  of  this  time.  In  the  ocean  are 
the  islands,  "  Asmaide,"  "  Bresil,"  and  "  Astores." 

104.  A.  D.  1542.    Northeast  Coast,  by  Rotz. 

From  Rotz's  MS.  Booke  of  Idrography  in  the 
British  Museum.  It  shows  "  New  fonde  Lande " 
broken  into  islands  ;  the  coast  north  of  the  straits 
of  Belle  Isle.  A  compass  conceals  what  was  per- 
haps intended  for  Davis  or  Hudson's  Straits ; 
and  then  north  of  this  a  curved  peninsula  marked 
"  Cost  of  Labrador,"  which  seems  to  be  Greenland, 
extends  towards  "  Islonde."  Kohl  points  out  its  re- 
semblance to  the  Henri  II.  or  Dauphin  map  (see 
sub  no.  58). 

—  A.  D.  1544. 

The  sectional  maps  of  the  Northeast  coast,  by 
Jean  Allefonsce,  of  which  sketches  are  given  in  the 
Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  America,  iv.  74-77.  One 
of  them  is  reproduced  in  Weise's  Discoveries  of 
America. 

—  A.  D.  xvi.  cent. 

Various  maps,  showing  the  Northeast  coasts  of 
North  America,  and  extracted  in  part  from  mappe- 
mondes,  are  sketched  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of 
America,  iv.  8l  et  seq. 

Portuguese  atlases  preserved  in  the  Royal  ar- 
chives and  in  the  Biblioteca  Riccardiana  at  Flor- 
ence, which  show  this  coast,  are  mentioned  in  the 
Studi  biog.  e  bibliog.  de  la  soc.  ital.,  ii.  nos.  451,  452. 

—  A.  D.  1547. 

The  map  of  Scandinavia  in  Bordone  represents 
"  Engronelant  "  as  a  peninsula  of  Europe. 

—  A.  D.  1548. 

The  "  Delia  Terra  nova  Bacalaos  "  by  Gastaldi 
in  the  Italian  Ptolemy  of  1548,  of  which  there  is  a 
sketch  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  America,  iv.  88. 

—  A.  D.  circa  1553. 

Gastaldi's  map,  Nuova  Francia,  which  appeared 
in  the  third  volume  of  Ramusio  in  1556.  There 
are  facsimiles  of  it  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of 
America,  iv.  91 ;  and  in  Weise's  Discoveries  of  America, 
P-  356- 

105.  A.  D.  1558.  Iceland  by  A.  Mercator. 

—  A.  D.  1561. 

Ruscelli's  Ticrra  Niirsa  in  the  Ptolemy  of  this 
year,  showing  the  coast  from  Florida  to  Labrador. 
There  are  sketches  of  this  map  in  Kohl's  Disccn-ery 
of  Maine,  233;  Lelewel,  Geog.  de  Moycn  Age,  170; 
and  Arar.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of A  Hi erica,  iv.  92. 

This  edition  has  also  a  map,  Schcnladia,  which 
shows  a  peninsula  north  of  "  Thyle  "  and  beyond  the 
"  Mare  Congelatum,"  which  is  a  supposable  Green- 
land. 


24 


THE   KOHL   COLLECTION   OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


106.  A.  D.  1562.  The  North  Atlantic  from  the 

Ptolemy  of  1562. 

This  is  an  engraved  reproduction  of  the  Zeni  map, 
which  had  been  first  published  in  1558,  and  had  been 
followed  in  1561  by  Ruscelli.  To  the  present  Ptol- 
emy copy  by  Moletta,  that  cartographer  adds  a  note 
saying  that  its  geography  is  confirmed  by  modern 
navigators,  "  as  we  know  by  letters  and  marine  charts 
sent  to  us  from  divers  parts." 

See  bibliographical  memoranda  relating  to  the 
Zeni  map  and  its  influence  in  Winsor's  Bibliog.  of 
Ptolemy,  sub  anno  1562. 

—  A.  D.  1562. 

An  engraved  map  of  the  east  coast  of  North 
America  from  Cape  Breton  to  Florida  made  by 
Diego  Guitierrez,  the  cosmographer  of  King  Philip, 
and  engraved  by  Cock. 

—  A.  D.  1567. 

"  Gruntlandia  "  (Greenland)  is  shown  in  a  n.ap  of 
the  northern  regions  in  Olar  Magni  Historia,  pub- 
lished this  year  at  Basle.  There  is  a  facsimile  of 
the  map  in  Nordenskiold's  Brdderna  Zenos,  Stock- 
holm, 1883. 

—  A.  D.  1570. 

A  map  of  the  North  Atlantic  by  Stephanius,  based 
on  Icelandic  sources,  given  by  Kohl  in  his  Discovery 
of  Maine,  p.  107,  and  in  Weise's  Disco-series  of  Amer- 
ica, p.  22.  Ortelius  gave  this  year  in  his  Thcatrum 
Orbis  Terrarum,  a  map  of  the  northern  regions  which 
he  called  "  Septentrionalium  Regionum  Descrip.," 
showing  "  Estotilant "  (apparently  a  part  of  the  main), 
with  "  Groclant,"  "  Groenlant,"  "  Drogeo,"  "  Islant." 
and  "  Frislant "  as  islands  in  the  north  Atlantic.  It 
was  repeated  in  the  editions  of  Ortelius  of  1575, 
1584,  and  1592.  There  were  new  engravings  of  it  in 
Minister's  Cosmographia  in  1595  ;  and  in  the  Cologne- 
Arnheim  edition  of  Ptolemy  in  1597. 

107.  A.  D.  1575  (?)   Northeast  Coast. 

From  a  MS.  Portuguese  map  in  the  British  Mu- 
seum, inscribed:  "On  the  2oth  Nov.  1580,  a  Portu- 
guese, Fernando  Simon,  lent  this  map  to  John  Dee 
in  Mortlake,  and  a  servant  of  Dee  copied  it  for  him." 
It  shows  the  coast  from  Cape  Breton,  north  to  Hud- 
son's Straits.  The  St.  Lawrence  gulf  is  given,  but 
not  the  river.  Newfoundland  is  broken  into  islands. 
The  map  resembles  that  of  Freire  of  1546  (no.  58); 
but  does  not  suggest  Dee's  own  map  of  1580,  as 
sketched  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  America, 


108.  A.  D.  1578.    Frobisher's  Discoveries. 

Taken  from  a  map  in  Best's  True  Discourse,  Lon- 
don, 1 578,  and  confirming  Frobisher's  own  map  of  the 
world  (no.  78).  There  is  an  engraving  of  no.  108  in 
Collinson's  Frobisher's  Voyages,  1867,  published  by 
the  Hakluyt  Society. 

109.  A.  D.  1580.  The  Polar  Regions  by  Dee. 

It  represents  the  polar  islands  of  Mercator ; 
Greenland  as  a  long  island,  with  Estotiland  as  an 
island  of  uncertain  limits,  southwest  of  Greenland. 
"  Icaria,"  "Frislant,"  and  "Tula  ins."  lie  east  of 
Greenland.  Dr.  Kohl  has  not  annotated  it. 


—  A.  D.  1585-87. 

A  modern  map  showing  Davis's  explorations  is 
given  in  the  Hakluyt's  Society's  edition  of  Davis'1* 
Voyages,  p.  i. 

110.  A.  D.  1587.  Northeast  Coast. 

From  a  manuscript  atlas  in  the  British  Museum, 
inscribed  :  Livre  de  la  Marine  du  Pilote  Pastoret, 
I 'an,  1587.  S.  F.  M.  Dr.  Kohl  thinks  the  name 
may  be  "  Pralut "  or  perhaps  "  Pasterot."  It  shows 
the  coast  from  Cape  Breton  to  La  Mer  Glacee.  New- 
foundland is  a  group  of  islands.  The  straits  of  Belle 
Isle  is  marked  as  where  Cartier  passed.  The  Green- 
land region  resembles  No.  104. 

111.  A.  D.  1592.  Northeast  Coast  by  Molineaux. 

An  extract  from  Molineaux's  globe  in  the  Middle 
Temple,  London,  showing  the  St.  Lawrence  river 
and  gulf;  Newfoundland  as  islands;  Davis  Straits 
and  Greenland.  Molineaux  had  Davis's  charts,  now 
lost.  Frobisher's  Strait  is  made  to  separate  the 
southern  part  of  Greenland  from  an  island,  —  an 
error  long  perpetuated.  There  is  a  sketch  of  this 
part  of  the  globe  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of 
America,  iii.  213. 

112.  A.  D.  1592.   Polar  Regions  by  Molineaux. 

From  his  1592  globe.  Shows  the  north  of  Europe 
and  Asia,  but  of  America  it  gives  only  the  north- 
east coast  of  Greenland.  It  omits  Mercator's  Polar 
islands,  in  which  Moline.aux  finds  no  ground  for 
belief. 

113.  A.  D.  1597.   Labrador   and  Greenland  by 

Wytfliet. 

The  engraved  map  "  Estotilandia  et  Laboratoris 
terra "  in  Wytfliet's  continuation  of  Ptolemy.  It 
shows  both  coasts  of  "  Fretum  Joan  Davis,"  and 
bears  a  resemblance  to  this  part  of  the  Molineaux 
globe  (no.  in).  The  erroneous  Frobisher's  Straits 
(south  of  Greenland)  are  drawn,  but  not  named. 
Frisland  lies  an  island  southeast  of  Greenland, 
of  which  it  really  was  in  Kohl's  view  the  southern 
part. 

Another  Wytfliet  map,  "  Nova  Francia  et  Canada, 
1597,"  is  given  in  facsimile  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit. 
Hist,  of  America,  iv.  100.  A  third  map  of  Wyt- 
fliet shows  the  coast  from  the  St.  Lawrence  gulf 
to  South  Carolina.  A  fourth  represents  the  archi- 
pelago of  Newfoundland  (as  he  understood  it)  and 
Labrador. 

114.  A.  D.  1598.    The  North  Atlantic,  Ed.  Ptol- 

emy. 

The  map  "Scandia"  in  the  1598  (Venice)  edition 
of  Ptolemy,  translated  into  Italian  by  Cernot.  A 
well-known  Italian  cartographer  is  known  to  have 
made  some  of  the  maps  of  this  edition,  and  may 
•have  made  this.  The  American  shore  is  based  on 
the  Zeni  map. 

115.  A.  D.  i59-(?)    Greenland  and  Ireland. 

This  is  called  by  Dr.  Kohl  "  an  English  map, 
159-?"  but  he  gives  no  further  information.  It 
shows  the  eastern  shore  of  Greenland,  the  erroneous 
"  Forboshar's  Straits,"  the  islands  "  Freeseland  " 
and  "  Iseland." 


THE   KOHL  COLLECTION   OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


116.  A.  D.  1 60-?   North  Polar  regions  by  Mer- 

cator. 

Engraved  map  of  a  part  of  the  northern  hemi- 
sphere (above  60°  lat.)  in  the  Mercator-Hondius 
Atlas,  Amsterdam,  1630 ;  but  it  is  assigned  to  Ge- 
rardus  Mercator  himself ;  and  was  made,  as  Kohl 
thinks,  a  little  before  Mercator's  death  in  1594. 
Kohl  also  calls  it  the  first  time  the  projection  was 
used,  which  makes  the  north  pole  the  centre.  He 
represents  the  four  large  islands  round  the  pole, 
which  Mercator,  getting  the  idea  from  Cnoyen,  was  the 
first  at  an  earlier  date  to  introduce  into  maps,  and 
between  which  he  supposes  the  oceans  to  flow  to  the 
pole,  where  the  superfluous  water  is  absorbed  by  the 
south.  He  places  the  magnetic  pole  under  74°,  on 
a  line  from  the  pole  to  the  Straits  of  Anian,  —  also 
thought  by  Kohl  a  first  attempt  to  locate  such  pole, 
but  he  forgets  the  attempts  of  Ruysch,  Martin  Cortes, 
and  Sanuto.  Greenland  is  made  an  island  with  de- 
fined northern  capes.  The  land  about  Davis's  Straits 
is  shown  much  in  the  same  way  as  in  the  Molineaux 
globe  of  1592  (no.  in).  Mercator  gives  the  same 
large  inland  fresh-water  sea  in  northern  Canada,  with 
connection  with  the  polar  ocean. 

A  similar  map  on  a  smaller  scale,  extending  only 
to  60°  N.  lat.  is  given  in  Purchas,  iii.  625,  as 
"  Hondus  his  map  of  the  Arctic  Pole." 

117.  A.  D.  1600.   Arctic  regions. 

An  engraved  map  in  De  Bry's  India  Orientals, 
tertia  pars,  1601,  where  it  appears  without  other 
explanation  than  that  it  was  made  by  "Wilhelmus 
Bernardus  "  (Barent9z,  the  Dutch  navigator).  Kohl 
and  Markham  suppose  it  to  have  been  made  by 
Barentsz  on  his  third  voyage,  1596-97.  The  parts 
of  America  shown  are  Greenland,  Fretum  Davis, 
and  Estotiland.  Markham  says  regarding  the  fac- 
simile of  the  original  map  which  appears  in  the 
Hakluyt  Society's  edition  of  Barents'  Three  Voyages, 
that  "the  map  was  first  published  in  1599  by  Cor- 
nelius Claeszoon  in  the  second  part  of  the  abridged 
Latin  edition  of  Linschoten's  Itinerariiim  ;  but  it  is 
wanting  in  some  copies." 

This  may  be  compared  with  the  Arctic  parts  of 
the  map  of  the  world  by  Molineaux,  as  reproduced 
by  the  Hakluyt  Society  in  1880. 

—  A.  D.  1600. 

A  map  by  Metellus,  "  Estotilandia  et  Laboratoris 
terra."  It  shows  "  Groenlandiae  pars,"  "  Islandia," 
"  Frisland,"  and  "Terre  de  Laborador." 

—  A.  D.  1601. 

Harrisse,  Cabots,  p.  201,  refers  to  a  beautifully 
executed  map  of  the  Atlantic,  marked  :  "  1601,  R. 
Dieppe  par  Guillemme  Levasseur  le  12  de  Juillet." 

118.  A.  D.  1608.   Greenland. 

A  little  map,  showing  a  small  part  of  "  Groen- 
lant,"  marked  also  "  Hold  with  Hope."  Kohl 
credits  it  to  Hudson,  but  gives  no  explanation. 

—  A.  D.  1609. 

The  map  in  Lescarbot's  Norivelle  France,  of  which 
there  are  sections  in  facsimile  in  the  Nar.  and 
Crit.  Hist,  of  America,  iv.  150,  152,  374,  378.  It 
is  also  reproduced  in  the  Paris  reprint  and  else- 
where. 


A  map  of  about  1610,  preserved  in  the  French 
archives,  and  of  which  there  is  a  copy  in  the  Mass. 
Archives,  is  sketched  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of 
America,  vol.  iii. 

—  A.  D.  1611. 

A  map  by  Jodocus  Hondius  explaining  Barentz's 
third  voyage,  which  appeared  in  the  Latin  ed.  of 
Pontanus's  Amsterdam,  1611,  and  in  the  Dutch  ed. 
of  1614.  It  is  given  in  facsimile  in  Asher's  Henry 
Hudson  the  Navigator,  published  by  the  Hakluyt  So- 
ciety, 1860.  It  is  called  "Tabula  Geogr.  in  qua 
admirandas  navigationis  Cursus  et  recursus  desig- 
natur." 

—  A.  D.  1 6— . 

Hondius's  map  of  Iceland  is  given  in  Purchas, 
iii.  644. 

119.  A.  D.  1612.   Arctic  Regions  by  Hudson. 

Hudson's  chart  of  his  northern  expedition  be- 
tween Greenland  and  Hudson's  Bay.  Kohl  makes 
no  comments  on  this  map,  which  follows  an  en- 
graved chart  in  De  Bry's  Indies  Orientalis,  pars  x, 
1613.  A  facsimile  is  given  in  Asher's  Hudson  the 
Navigator,  published  by  the  Hakluyt  Society,  1860. 
It  is  called  Tabula  Nantica,  .  .  .  anno  1612. 

120.  A.  D.  1612.    The  same. 

On  this  copy  Kohl  remarks  upon  the  absence  of 
any  reference  to  the  map  in  De  Bry's  text,  which  he 
supposes  was  copied  —  as  would  appear  to  be  the 
case — by  De  Bry  from  Hudson's  own  chart  in  the 
Descriptio  ac  ddineatio  geographica  detcctionis  freti  .  .  . 
ab  Henrico  Hndsono  Anglo,  Amsterdam,  1612;  and 
again  1613.  There  are  copies  in  Harvard  College 
library.  Cf.  Camus,  Alhnoire  sur  de  Bry,  p.  258. 
The  Portuguese  designation  is  given  to  Newfound- 
land, —  "  Ilha  de  Bacalhao." 

—  A.  D.  1612-13. 

The  Hondius-Mercator  atlas  of  1613.  This  has 
two  maps  of  Europe,  which  include  Greenland  and 
adjacent  parts,  —  one  is  by  Hondius,  the  other  by 
Mercator. 

A  portolano  (1613)  of  Johannes  Oliva  of  Mar- 
seilles, in  the  British  Museum,  in  a  chart  of  the 
north  Atlantic  gives  the  east  coast  of  America  from 
Norumbega  to  Hatteras.  Newfoundland  is  better 
drawn  than  before,  but  Oliva  seems  to  have  been 
ignorant  of  Lescarbot's  map. 

Champlain's  maps  of  1612  and  1613.  That  of 
1612  extends  from  the  southern  side  of  Cape  Cod  to 
Labrador,  and  that  of  1613,  though  different,  covers 
about  the  same  range  of  coast.  They  are  repro- 
duced in  the  Quebec  and  Boston  editions  of  Cham- 
plain,  and  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  America, 
iv.  380-382. 

121.  A.  D.  1615.   Hudson  Straits  by  Baffin. 

The  original  MS.  map  is  in  the  British  Museum. 
A  colored  facsimile  is  given  in  Baffin 's  Voyages,  pub- 
lished by  the  Hakluyt  Society,  1881 ;  and  it  is  given 
in  outline  in  RundalFs  Voyages  t(nvards  the  North- 
ivcst,  published  by  the  same  society,  1849.  The 
chart  represents  Baffin's  fourth  voyage.  Capt.  Buck 
in  1836  was  the  next  to  follow  this  route. 


26 


THE    KOHL   COLLECTION   OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


—  A.  D.  1616,  etc. 

Petermann  in  his  Geographische  Mittheilungen,  vol. 
xiii.  (1867),  pi.  6,  gives  a  map,  "  Das  nordlichste 
Land  der  Erde  entdeckt  1616  bis  1861,"  including 
Bylot  and  Baffin's  map  (1616),  Ross  (1818),  Ingle- 
field  (1852),  Kane  (1855),  and  Hayes  (1861). 

122.  A.  D.  1619.    Hudson's  Straits  and  Bay. 

An  engraved  map  in  La  Peyrere's  Recneil  de  Voy- 
age au  Nord,  made  as  that  editor  says  after  Danish 
authorities,  —  possibly  representing  Munk's  voyage 
in  1618-19,  who  named  the  straits  and  bay  after 
King  Christian.  Baffin's  Bay  becomes  "  Gulf  Davis." 
The  maker  of  the  chart  was  not  aware  seemingly  of 
Hudson's  explorations  in  the  southern  parts  of  Hud- 
son's Bay. 

The  same  or  a  similar  map  appears  in  La  Pey- 
rere's Relation  du  Greenland,  Paris,  1647  and 


—  A.  D.  1624. 

Sir  Wm.  Alexander's  map,  in  Purchas,  of  which 
a  part  is  given  in  facsimile  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist. 
of  America,  iii.  306. 

—  A.  D.  1624-30. 

The  map  by  Chapelain,  appearing  in  Isaac  de  La 
Peyrere's  Relation  du  Greenland,  Paris,  1663,  is  re- 
produced in  an  English  translation  in  the  volume  on 
Spitsbergen  and  Greenland,  published  by  the  Hakluyt 
Society  in  1835.  The  La  Peyrere  Relation  refers  to 
a  map  "per  Martinum  filium  Arnoldi,  ano  1624  & 
1625,"  which  had  been  used  in  the  construction  of  it  ; 
and  which  was  then  preserved  in  the  library  of  Cardi- 
nal Mazarin;  also  to  a  map  made  by  Capt.  Munck 
on  his  voyage,  reprinted  with  his  narrative,  which 
agrees  with  a  map  of  Hudson,  owned  by  Chapelain. 
The  same  Hakluyt  Society  volume  contains  the  map 
of  Greenland  accompanying  Edward  Pellham's  God's 
PoT.ver  and  Providence  shewed  in  the  .  .  .  deliverance  of 
eight  Englishmen  left  in  Greenland,  1630,  published 
in  London,  1631. 

123.  A.  D.  1625.  Greenland. 

An  engraved  map  in  Purchas's  Pilgrimes,  iii.  472. 
Kohl  has  not  commented  on  it,  except  to  call  it 
Spitzbergcn,  which  it  seems  to  be,  instead  of  the 
modern  Greenland.  Luke  Fox's  map  (1633)  a'so 
calls  the  Asiatic  Island  by  the  name  of  Greenland. 

124.  A.  r>.  1631.   Hudson's  Bay  and  Greenland 

by  Capt.  James. 

An  engraved  map  in  Capt.  Thomas  James's  Strange 
and  Dangerous  Voyage,  1633,  inscribed  "  The  platt 
of  sayling  for  the  discoverye  of  a  Passage  into  the 
South  Sea,  1631,  1632."  Kohl  calls  it  the  earliest 
map  of  Hudson  Bay  giving  the  entire  shore  from 
observation.  His  latitudes  arc  nearly  correct:  he 
omits  longitudes.  There  is  a  facsimile  of  part  of  it 
in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  of  America,  iii.  96. 

125.  A.  D.  1633.   Northern  parts  by  Fox. 

An  engraved  map  in  Luke  Fox's  ATorthwtaste 
Foxe,  London,  1633.  It  shows  the  east  coast  of 
North  America  from  the  Hudson  River,  including 
Hudson's  and  Baffin's  Bays,  to  Greenland,  and  the 
west  coast  above  Cape  Mendocino  to  a  point  north 
of  the  straits  which  separated  what  was  then  sup- 
posed to  be  the  Island  of  California  at  its  northern 
end  from  the  main. 


—  A.  D.  1636,  etc. 

Maps  of  Baffin's  Bay  by  Luke  Fox  (1636),  Hex- 
ham's  Mercator-Hondius  (1636),  Moll  (1706),  Bar- 
rington  (1818),  and  modern  charts  are  given  in  Mark- 
ham's  Voyage  of  William  Baffin,  published  by  the 
Hakluyt  Society,  iSSi.  The  Fox  map  is  reproduced 
in  the  'Nar,  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  America,  iii.  98. 

—  A.  D.  1644-63. 

An  engraved  map  of  Iceland  by  Du  Val  in  La 
Peyrere's  Relation  de  I'fslande,  Paris,  1663. 

—  A.  D.  1646. 

Robert  Dudley's  map  of  the  St.  Lawrence  and  ad- 
jacent parts,  continued  in  his  Arcano  del  Mare  (Flor- 
ence, 1647),  p.  52  ;  and  sketched  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit. 
Hist,  of  America,  iv.  388.  It  is  called  in  Dudley : 
"D 'America  Carta  prima." 

—  A.  D.  1656. 

Sanson's  Le  Canada  includes  the  region  about 
Hudson's  Bay. 

—  A.  D.  1660. 

The  Tabula  Nova;  Francics  of  Du  Creux  or  Creux- 
ius,  of  which  a  portion  is  given  in  facsimile  in  the 
Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  America,  iv.  389. 

—  A.  D.  l66l. 

North  America  in  the  Zee-Atlas  of  Van  Loon. 

—  A.  D.  1662. 

"  A  chart  of  Hudson's  Straights  and  Bay,  of 
Davis's  Straights  and  Baffin's  Bay,  as  published  in 
the  year  1662,"  is  given  in  T.  S.  Drage's  Account  of 
a  Voyage  for  the  Discovery  of  a  Northwest  passage, 
London,  1749,  vol.  ii. 

126.  A.  D.  1669.   Greenland  by  Goos. 

An  engraved  map  in  Pietro  de  la  Goos's  Atlas  de 
la  marine,  Amsterdam,  1669.  lie  makes  Frobisher's 
Straits  cut  off  the  southern  end  of  Greenland,  and 
gives  many  names,  unknown  in  earlier  maps,  to  the 
shore  of  Greenland,  opposite  Iceland  ;  while  Dutch 
names  on  the  western  coast  would  indicate  explora- 
tions by  Hollanders  in  that  region. 

127.  A.  D.  1685.   Hudson's  Bay  by  Jaillot. 

It  shows  the  French  and  English  posts  :  and  Kohl 
says  the  information  is  drawn  almost  entirely  from 
Canadian  sources. 

Bleau's  atlas  of  1685  gives  maps  showing  the  north- 
ern parts. 

—  A.  D.  1687. 

Morclcn's  maps  in  Blome's  Present  state  of  His 
Majesty's  Isles  and  Territories  in  America. 

—  A.  D.  1716  (?) 

Delisle's  Carte  da  Canada  shows  also  the  polar 
regions.  It  is  also  in  the  atlas  published  by  Covens 
and  Mortier  at  Amsterdam. 


THE   KOHL   COLLECTION   OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


27 


—  A.  D.  1720. 

C.  G.  Zorgdragers,  Groenlandsche  Visschery,  Am- 
sterdam, 1720,  had  maps  of  the  Polar  regions,  Green- 
land and  Iceland,  which  are  repeated  in  the  Co- 
penhagen edition  of  1727.  Frobisher's  Straits  are 
represented  as  cutting  off  the  southern  part  of  Green- 
land. 


—  A.  D.  1728. 

The  Atlas  maritimus  et  Commercials,  London, 
1728,  has  a  map  of  the  St.  Lawrence  Gulf,  and  the 
Northeastern  coasts. 

128.  A.  D.  circa  1730.   Between  Lake  Superior 

ancl  Hudson's  Bay. 

A  MS.  map  by  De  la  Veranderie  preserved  in  the 
Depot  de  la  Marine  in  Paris.  "  Donnee  par  Mon- 
sieur de  la  Galissoniere,  1750."  It  shows  the  coun- 
try between  Lake  Superior  and  Hudson  Bay,  with 
its  waters  and  portages,  and  forts  and  trading-posts. 

129.  A.  D.  1730.   Country  Northwest  of  Lake 

Superior. 

An  Indian  map,  made  by  Ochagach,  preserved  in 
the  Depot  de  la  Marine,  showing  water-ways  and 
portages.  Kohl  supposes  it  to  have  been  carried  to 
Europe  by  De  la  Veranderie,  who  used  it  in  compil- 
ing map  no.  128. 

130.  A.  D.  1740.  Hudson  Bay  Country. 

Kohl  calls  this  map  a  sketch  of  the  territory  ex- 
plored by  De  la  Veranderie,  and  says  the  original  in 
the  Depot  de  la  Marine  at  Paris  is  called,  "  Carte 
des  Nouvelles  decouvertes  clans  1'ouest  clu  Canada 
et  des  nations  qui  y  habitent.  Dresse'e,  dit-on,  sur 
les  Memoires  de  Monsieur  de  la  Veranderie,  mais 
fort  imparfaite  &  ce  qu'il  m'a  dit.  Donnee  an  Ddpot 
de  la  Marine  par  Monsieur  de  la  Galissoniere  en 
1750." 

—  A.  D.  1741. 

An  engraved  map  of  Greenland  in  Hans  Egede's 
Grfnland,  Copenhagen,  1741 ;  repeated  in  the  Ger- 
man edition,  Copenhagen,  1742;  and  called  "Gr^n- 
landia  Antiqua  ;  "  also  in  the  Beschreibungvon  Gron- 
land,  translated  by  Kriinitz,  Berlin,  1763. 

Cf.  the  map  by  Paul  Egede  in  his  Efterrctninger 
om  Grfinland,  Copenhagen,  1789. 


The  northeastern  coasts  in  the  English  Pilot  of 
1742  and  later  dates. 

131.  A.  D.  1746.    Northwest  parts  of  Hudson 
Bay. 

An  engraved  map  in  The  Probability  of  a  North- 
west passage,  by  Theodore  Swat  ne  Drage,  clerk  of  the 
"  California  "  (one  of  the  ships),  London,  1768,  pur- 
porting to  record  discoveries  of  Capt.  Smith  and 
Capt.  Moor  in  1746-47.  Drage  accompanied  Smith 
and  Moor  on  this  voyage. 

There  is  a  chart  of  Hudson  Bay  and  straits  ac- 
cording to  the  discoveries  between  1610  and  1743  in 
Drnge's  Account  of  a  Voyage  for  the  Discoi'ery  of  a 
North-west  passage,  London,  1748,  vol.  i.,  and  in  vol. 
ii.  the  same  map  as  that  used  by  Kohl. 


132.  A.  D.  1747.  Wager's  Bay  by  Ellis. 

An  inlet  in  the  northwest  part  of  Hudson's  Bay, 
mapped  by  Ellis,  who  accompanied  Smith  and 
Moor.  It  was  named  on  Middleton's  voyage. 

—  A.  D.  1746-47. 

A  map  of  Hudson's  Bay  and  adjacent  parts  in 
the  German  edition  of  Henry  Ellis's  Reise  nach 
Hudson 's  meerbuscn,  Gottingen,  1750.  This  map  is 
not  in  the  Harvard  College  copies  of  the  English 
and  French  editions. 

133.  A.  D.  1748.  Hudson's  Bay  by  Ellis. 

An  engraved  map  in  Henry  Ellis's  Voyage  to  Hud- 
son's Bay,  London,  1748,  an  account  of  the  expedi- 
tion of  Francis  Smith  and  Wm.  Moor.  The  map 
was  re-engraved  in  the  German  edition,  Gottingen, 
1750;  and  in  the  French  edition,  Paris,  1749.  It 
shows  the  region  from  California  to  Greenland,  and 
north  of  Lake  Erie.  The  expedition  was  fitted  out 
by  London  merchants,  and  after  Parliament  in  1743 
had  offered  £20,000  for  the  discovery  of  a  north- 
west passage.  Kohl  remarks  that  the  discoveries  of 
Hudson,  Baffin,  Fox,  and  James  are  not  well  delin- 
eated by  Ellis. 

134.  A.  D.  1763.   Hudson  Bay  by  Belliu. 

Without  comment  by  Kohl. 

135.  A.  D.  1774.  Hudson's  and  Baffin's  Bays  by 

Samuel  Dun. 

An  engraved  map,  showing  all  the  inlets  of  Hud- 
son's Bay  closed  up  at  their  interior  extremities,  in- 
dicating the  end  of  the  belief  in  a  westerly  passage 
being  discovered  through  any  of  them.  Baffin's  Bay 
is  represented  as  a  large  oval,  among  some  of  whose 
western  passages  (it  is  stated  on  the  map)  a  passage 
may  yet  be  possible  to  the  Pacific.  "  Christian  Sea" 
(King  Christian's  Sea)  discovered  by  Munk  in  1629, 
is  put  in  the  northerly  part  of  Baffin's  instead  of 
Hudson's  Bay. 

—  A.  D.  1774. 

Map  of  the  north  Polar  regions  in  the  The  Journal 
of  the  Voyage  by  Phipfs  and  Lutwidge,  London,  1774. 

136.  A.  D.  1765.   Greenland  by  Cranz. 

An  engraved  map  in  David  Cranz's  Historie  von 
Gronland,  1766,  and  second  edition,  1770;  repeated 
in  the  English  translation,  London,  1/67. 

—  A.  D.  1783. 

Map  of  the  Arctic  regions  in  J.  R.  Forster's  Voy- 
ages and  Discoveries  made  in  the  ATorth. 


137.  A.  D.  1785.    Hudson's    Bay   Country  by 
Pond. 

A  MS.  map  in  the  archives  of  the  Hudson's  Bay 
company  in  London,  inscribed  :  "  Copy  of  a  map 
presented  to  the  Congress  by  Peter  Pond,  a  native  of 
Milford  in  the  State  of  Connecticut.  This  extraor- 
dinary man  has  resided  seventeen  years  in  those 
countries,  and  from  his  own  discoveries  as  well  as 
from  the  reports  of  the  Indians,  he  assures  himself 
of  having  at  last  discovered  a  passage  to  the  North 
Sea.  He  is  gone  again  to  ascertain  some  important 


28 


THE   KOHL   COLLECTION   OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


observations.  New  York,  ist  March,  1785,  copied 
by  St.  John  de  Crevecoeur  for  his  Grace  of  La 
Rochefoucault."  Pond's  various  sojourns  are  indi- 
cated,—  the  most  southern  on  St.  Peter's  (Missis- 
sippi) River,  1774;  the  most  northern  near  Lake 
Athabaska,  1782-83.  He  puts  down  the  great  North- 
ern Sea  too  far  south  by  ten  degrees. 

138.  A.  D.  1789  and  1793.   Discoveries  of  Alex- 

ander Mackenzie. 

Mackenzie  started  from  Fort  Chipewyan  on  the 
Lake  of  the  Hills,  in  June,  1789,  and  followed  the 
river  now  known  by  his  name  to  near  its  junction 
with  the  Northern  Sea.  In  1793  he  followed  the 
Unjijah  or  Peace  River  to  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
thence  to  the  Pacific.  Mackenzie  seems  to  have 
used  Arrowsmith's  map  and  Vancouver's  surveys,  in 
this  map,  which  accompanies  the  books  which  he 
published  about  his  explorations. 

139.  A.  D.  1790.   Hudson's   Bay    Country   by 

Turner. 

A  MS.  map  in  the  archives  of  the  Hudson  Bay 
company  in  London,  inscribed :  "  Chart  of  lakes  and 
rivers  in  North  America  by  Philipp  Turner."  Turner 
was  the  surveyor  of  the  company  and  made  his  prin- 
cipal exploration  in  1790-92,  in  company  with  Peter 
Fiedler,  his  successor  as  surveyor ;  and  of  this  ex- 
ploration Turner  wrote  an  account  preserved  in  the 
company's  archives,  of  which  this  map  was  an  illus- 
tration. Kohl  calls  it  the  oldest  of  the  tolerably 
correct  surveys  which  we  have  between  the  Saskats- 
chawan  River  and  Slave  Lake.  The  rivers  whose 
course  is  put  down  from  Indian  reports  are  marked 
by  two  crosses. 

140.  A.  D.  1799.  Greenland  and  Baffin's  Bay  by 

Laurie  and  Whittle. 

An  engraved  chart  published  in  London.  It  shows 
the  notions  prevailing  before  Ross's  explorations. 

—  A.  D.  l8ll. 

A  map  of  the  Arctic  regions  in  E.  A.  W.  von 
Zimmermann's  Die  Erde  und  ihre  Bewohner,  Leipzig, 
1811. 

—  A.  D.  1818. 

A  general  map  of  the  Arctic  regions  in  Barring- 
ton's  Possibility  of  approaching  the  North  Pole,  Lon- 
don, 1818. 

—  A.  D.  1818. 

Map  of  the  route  of  the  ship  "  Alexander "  in 
Baffin's  Bay,  by  W.  E.  Parry,  in  a  Journal  of  a  Voyage 
of  Disco-dery  to  the  Arctic  regions,  1818,  published  at 
London  [1819]. 

—  A.  D.  1818. 

A  facsimile  of  map  of  the  Arctic  regions  in  1818, 
with  discoveries  since  that  date  inserted  in  red,  given 
in  Hall's  Second  Arctic  Expedition,  Washington,  1879. 

—  A.  D.  1818-23. 

Map  of  the  discoveries  by  Ross,  Parry,  and  Frank- 
lin, in  Franklin's  Journey  to  the  Shores  of  the  Polar 
Sea,  London,  1823. 


—  A.  D.  1819-20. 

Map  of  Arctic  regions  showing  route  of  Parry's 
ships,  in  his  Journal  of  a  Voyage  for  the  Discovery 
of  a  Northwest  passage,  London,  1821. 

—  A.  D.  1819-54. 

Chart  of  discoveries  in  the  Arctic  Seas  in  Belcher's 
Last  of  the  Arctic  Voyages,  London,  1855. 

—  A.  D.  1820. 

Arctic  regions  by  Wm.  Scoresby,  jr.,  including 
Ross's  explorations,  in  An  Account  of  the  Arctic 
Regions,  by  W.  Scoresby,  jr.,  London,  1820. 

141.  A.  D.  1820.  Hudson  !s  Bay   Countries  by 
Harmon. 

It  shows  the  country  from  Hudson's  Bay  and 
Lake  Superior  on  the  east  to  the  Pacific  on  the 
west.  Harmon  was  an  officer  of  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company  who  published  this  map  in  a  journal  of  his 
explorations. 

—  A.  D.  1821-23. 

Map  of  Parry's  second  route,  in  his  Journal  of  a 
Voyage  for  the  Discovery  of  a  ATorthwest  Passage, 
London,  1824,  with  detailed  maps  in  the  same 
volume. 


Map  of  Greenland  by  Scoresby  in  a  Journal  of  a 
Voyage  to  the  Northern  Whale  Fisheries,  by  W. 
Scoresby,  jr.,  Edinburgh,  1823,  with  a  special  chart 
of  surveys  on  the  east  coast. 

142.  A.  D.  1823.    Arctic  Regions  after  Parry. 

Parts  north  of  Hudson's  Bay.  Kohl  does  not 
comment  on  it. 

143.  A.  D.  1824.   East  Greenland  by  Scoresby. 

Without  comment  by  Kohl. 

—  A.  D.  1824-25. 

Map  of  Prince  Regent's  inlet  drawn  by  Parry  and 
Head,  in  Parry's  Third  Voyage. 

144.  A.  D.  1833.  Proposed  Route  of  Capt.  Back. 

See  Royal  Geographical  Society's  Journal,  iii.  64. 

145.  A.  D.  1833-34.   Back's  River. 

See  Royal  Geographical  Society's  Journal,  vol.  vi. 
(1836).  It  shows  his  exploration,  beginning  at  the 
Great  Slave  Lake,  of  the  Great  Fish  River,  never 
before  followed,  when  he  started  to  relieve  Capt. 
Ross,  then  supposed  to  be  confined  in  the  ice,  north- 
west of  Hudson's  Bay. 

146.  A.  D.  1834.   Back  River. 

Another  map  of  the  same  region,  without  comment 
by  Kohl. 

147.  A.  D.  1836-37.    Hudson's  Strait. 

It  shows  the  track  of  the  "  Terror,"  following  a  map 
in  the  Royal  Geographical  Society's  Journal,  vol. 
vii.,  accompanying  Capt.  Back's  report  on  the  north- 
eastern shore  of  Southampton  Island,  —  the  closest 
observation  since  Baffin's  voyage  in  1615. 


THE   KOHL   COLLECTION   OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


29 


148.  A.  D.  1840.   Peel  River  by  Isbister. 

In  Royal  Geographical  Society's  Journal,  xv. 
333,  accompanying  an  account  by  A.  K.  Isbister, 
of  his  explorations  not  only  of  Peel  River,  but  also 
of  Red  and  other  branches  of  the  Mackenzie  River, 
flowing  to  the  Arctic  Sea. 

—  A.  D.  1845. 

The  Arctic  regions  as  known  in  1845,  —  a  copy 
of  the  map  supplied  to  the  Franklin  expedition,  in 
Hall's  Second  Arctic  Expedition,  Washington,  1879. 

149.  A.  D.  1851.  Arctic  Coast  explored  by  Dr. 

Rea. 

An  engraved  map  extracted  from  the  Royal  Geog. 
Society's  Journal  (1852),  xxii.  73,  where  it  is  accom- 

Eanied  by  two  reports  of  explorations  in  search  of 
ir  John  Franklin. 

—  A.  D.  1850-51. 

A  map  of  Wellington  Channel  and  Grinnell  land 
by  Lt.  De  Haven  and  Capt.  Penny,  in  Peter  Force's 
pamphlet  on  Grinnell  land,  1852. 


150.  A.  D.   1851-52. 


Discoveries  of   Kennedy 
and  Bellot. 


This  shows  the  exploration  of  travelling  parties 
from  the  ship  "  Prince  Albert,"  wintered  at  North 
Somerset,  on  Prince  Regent  inlet,  In  search  of  Sir 
John  Franklin's  party.  It  is  copied  from  one  in  the 
Royal  Geog.  Society's  Journal,  xxiii.  (1853.) 

151.  A.  D.  1852.   Smith  Sound  by  Inglefield. 

Copied  from  a  map  in  the  Royal  Geog.  Society's 
Journal,  vol.  xxiii.,  accompanying  a  report  of  Capt. 
E.  A.  Inglefield,  who  was  the  first  to  examine  the 
sound  forming  the  northern  parts  of  Baffin's  Bay, 
Baffin  himself  having  only  seen  its  beginning  in 
1615. 

—  A.  D.  1861,  etc. 

North  polar  chart  in  Sir  John  Richardson's  Polar 
Regions  ( 1861 )  ;  maps  of  the  "  American  Arctic  Sea," 
"Smith  Sound"  and  "North  Polar  Regions"  in  C. 
R.  Markham's  Threshold  of  the  Unknown  Region, 
1873- 

\*  No  attempt  is  made  to  enumerate  the  multitude  of  recent 
maps  of  the  Arctic  regions. 


3° 


THE   KOHL   COLLECTION   OF  EARLY   MAPS. 


V. 


CANADA. 

**#  The  best  enumeration  of  maps  covering  Canada  which 
has  yet  been  printed  is  in  Harrisse's  Cabots  and  his  Notes  sur 
la  Nouvelie  France.  Cf.  maps  under  sections  II.  and  III.| 
ante. 

—  A.  D.  1508. 

Respecting  the  apocryphal  map  of  Jehan  Denys, 
see  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  America,  iv.  p.  36. 

—  A.  D.  1521. 

Respecting  the  extremely  doubtful  map  attributed 
to  Lazaro  Luis,  see  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  America, 
iv.  p.  37. 

—  A.  D.  1532. 

The  map  in  Ziegler's  ScJwndia,  etc.,  Strasburg, 
1532  and  1536,  shows  vaguely  the  Bacallaos  coast. 
It  is  given  in  facsimile  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist. 
America,  vol.  ii. 

—  A.  D.  1534. 

A  map  by  Caspar  Viegas  of  Newfoundland  and 
the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  is  depicted  in  Kohl's  Dis- 
covery of  Maine,  pi.  xviii. 

—  A.  D.  1542. 

Maps  in  Rotz's  Idrography. 

—  A.  D.  1545- 

The  charts  of  Jean  Allefonsce  of  the  region  of  the 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  which  are  sketched  in  the 
Narrative  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  America,  iv.  74  et  seq.; 
some  of  which  are  also  given  in  Weise's  Discoveries 
of  America,  355,  and  in  Murphy's  Verrazzano. 

—  A.  D.  1545. 

Carte  des  Cdtes  Nord-est  de  fAmerique,  in  the 
Musee  Correr  at  Venice,  noted  by  Harrisse,  Notes 
sur  la  Nouvelie  France,  no.  188. 


152.   A.  D.    1546. 


Canada   and   Labrador  by 
Juan  Freire. 


It  shows  the  coast  from  34°  N.  Lat.  to  72°  N. 
Lat,  and  develops  the  Gulf  and  River  St.  Law- 
rence. It  is  called  :  Carte  dn  Canada,  Labrador,  e.  t., 
tiree  d'une  Portulan  Portugais  de  fannee  1546  dans 
la  possession  de  Monsieur  le  Vicomte  \Santarem~\  de 
Paris.  Kohl  considers  that  Spanish,  Portuguese, 
and  French  authorities  were  used.  He  assigns  the 
regions  of  the  Cortereals — esta.  he  a  tera  dos  Cort- 
Reais  —  to  the  territory  between  what  seems  to  be 
Pcnobscot  Bay  and  the  St.  Lawrence.  The  names 
along  the  latter  river  are  French,  corrupted  by  Por- 
tuguese ;  and  so  on  the  eastern  coast  of  Newfound- 
land, whose  western  coast  is  not  drawn.  There  are 
various  imaginary  islands  in  the  Atlantic.  It  is 
sketched  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  America,  iv. 
p.  86. 

153.  A.  D.  1546.    Newfoundland  by  Freire. 

Contained  in  a  Portuguese  portolano,  of  which 
Libri  published,  says  Kohl,  in  London  a  facsimile. 


It  is  inscribed  :  Joham  Freire  a  fez  era  de  546.  It 
shows  the  eastern  coasts  of  Labrador  and  New- 
foundland from  Hudson's  Straits  south,  the  south- 
western coast  of  Newfoundland,  and  the  opposite 
coast  of  Cape  Breton.  (Libri  sale,  Mar.  20,  1859, 


154.  A.  D.  1547.    East  Coast  of  North  America 

by  Nicolas  Vallard,  of  Dieppe. 

The  coast  is  given  from  the  end  of  Florida  to  the 
Labrador  shore,  developing  the  Gulf  and  River  St. 
Lawrence.  It  is  part  of  a  MS.  map  in  the  Sir 
Thomas  Phillipps  collection.  The  map  is  endorsed 
Terre  de  Bacalos.  The  source  of  the  delineation 
south  of  Cape  Breton  is  Spanish,  and  it  shows  no 
trace  of  Verrazano.  Kohl  thinks  that,  for  the  region 
north  of  Cape  Breton,  the  map  is  based  on  the  maps 
of  Alfonse  and  Cartier.  He  remarks  on  the  half 
Portuguese  name  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  —  Rio  do 
Canada.  The  G.  lorens  of  the  map  is  not  the  great 
gulf,  but  a  small  bay  opposite  the  north  shore  of 
Anticosti.  The  eastern  shore  of  Newfoundland  has 
a  mixture  of  French  and  Portuguese  names.  On 
Labrador  they  are  mostly  Portuguese.  The  name 
of  Vallard  may  signify  ownership  rather  than  mark 
the  maker.  Cf.  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv. 
p.  86,  and  for  a  sketch,  p.  87. 

155.  A.  D.  1  547. 

A  less  perfect  copy  of  the  preceding. 

156.  A.  D.  1548.     Canada. 

The  coast  from  Greenland  (apparently)  to  Nova 
Scotia,  with  the  Gulf  and  River  St.  Lawrence  devel- 
oped. Part  of  a  mappemoncle  which  was  communi- 
cated to  Kohl  by  Jomard,  and  thought,  as  Kohl  says, 
by  the  latter  to  have  been  made  by  order  of  Henri  II. 
A  figure  of  Robeval  among  his  soldiers  is  drawn  on 
the  map.  The  northern  parts  of  the  Atlantic  are 
called  Mer  de  France  ;  the  more  southerly,  Mer 
d'Espaigne.  Newfoundland  is  a  group  of  islands. 
St.  Laurens  is  a  small  bay,  as  in  no.  1  54.  The  St. 
Lawrence  river  is  not  named,  but  the  Saguenay  (R. 
du  Sagnay)  is.  Since  Kohl's  clay,  R.  H.  Major  has 
deciphered  an  inscription  which  assigns  its  author- 
ship to  Pierre  Desceliers  in  1546.  Jomard  gives  it 
in  facsimile  ;  it  is  sketched  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit. 
Hist,  of  America,  iv.  p.  85. 

—  A.  D.  1548. 

Gastaldi's  map,  "  Delia  terra  nova  Bacalaos,"  in 
the  Italian  Ptolemy  of  1548. 

157.  A.  D.  155-?    Canada. 

This  represents  North  America  as  an  island,  of 
which  the  St.  Lawrence  is  a  central  basin.  Some- 
where on  the  coast  of  South  Carolina  a  strait  con- 
nects the  Atlantic  with  the  Western  Sea,  which  also 
washes  all  the  northern  confines  of  the  land.  New- 
foundland is  divided  by  channels,  as  in  the  Ramusio 
map  of  1556,  and  the  names  on  the  Eastern  shore 
are  Portuguese  with  French  transformations.  The 
names  on  the  lower  portion  of  the  Atlantic  coast 
are  of  Spanish  origin.  The  Atlantic  has  the  usual 
sprinkling  of  imaginary  islands.  It  is  sketched  in 
the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  p.  89. 

158.  A.  D.  155-? 

The  same,  less  perfect. 


THE   KOHL  COLLECTION   OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


159.  A.  D.  1 556.    La  Nuo  va  Francia  in  Ramu- 

sio. 

A  copy  from  the  engraved  map  in  Ramusio. 
Kohl  suspects  that  it  may  have  been  drawn  after 
Jehan  Deny's  lost  map,  and  that  Ramusio  did  not 
have  access  to  Cartier's  charts.  It  is  reproduced  in 
the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  p.  91,  and  in 
Weise's  Discoveries  of  America,  p.  356. 

159  a.  A.  D.  1556. 

Another  copy  of  the  same.  The  two  maps  of 
Gastaldi  in  Ramusio,  "Terra  de  Labrador  et  Nova 
Francia "  and  "  Terra  de  Hochelaga  nella  nova 
Francia,"  are  supposed  to  have  been  made  in  1553- 
Cf.  Harrisse,  Notes,  nos.  292,  293. 

160.  A.  D.    i556(?)     Newfoundland,  etc. 

It  also  shows  Labrador  and  the  coast  of  Maine, 
and  is  taken  from  a  portolano  in  the  British  Mu- 
seum, and  in  its  catalogue  it  is  described  as  "on 
vellum  in  the  Spanish  language,  and  executed  in  the 
sixteenth  century."  The  coast  stretches  from  45° 
to  64°  north  latitude.  It  resembles,  so  far  as  it 
goes,  no.  152,  but  it  has  no  indication  of  the  Gulf  or 
River  St.  Lawrence.  It  is  sketched  in  the  Nar. 
and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  p.  87. 

161.  A.  D.I  558.    Canada  and  adj  acent  parts  by 

Diego  Homem. 

It  shows  the  eastern  coast  of  North  America  from 
28°  N.  Lat.  to  70°.  The  Bay  of  Fundy  is  developed, 
and  the  basin  of  the  St.  Lawrence  is  converted  into 
a  northern  ocean.  The  original  is  in  a  MS.  atlas 
by  Homem  in  the  British  Museum.  The  names  of 
the  St.  Lawrence  region  are  French,  of  the  coast 
south  of  the  gulf  Spanish,  and  north  of  it  Portu- 
guese. Cf.  sketches  in  Kohl's  Disc,  of  Maine,  p.  377, 
and  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  p.  92. 

162.  A.  D.  1558. 
Another  copy  of  no.  161. 

163.  A.  D.  1562  and  1574.    East  Coast  of  North 

America. 

This  gives  the  coast  from  34°  N.  Lat.  to  60°. 
Newfoundland  is  a  cluster  of  islands.  The  St.  Law- 
rence is  a  network  of  small  streams.  The  original 
is  an  engraved  map  in  the  Ptolemies  of  1562  and 
1574,  called  "Tierra  Nueva."  It  is  based  on  the 
Ramusio  map  of  1 556,  and  there  are  sketches  of  it 
in  Kohl's  Disc,  of  Maine,  p.  233 ;  Lelewel's  Geog.  du 
Moyen-Age,  p.  170 ;  and  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  Amer- 
ica, iv.  p.  92. 

—  A.  D.   1575. 

A  Portuguese  map  of  about  1575  in  the  British 
Museum,  showing  the  coast  from  Cape  Breton  to 
Labrador. 

164.  A.  D.  1597.     Nova  Francia  et  Canada,  by 

Wytfliet. 

It  shows  the  Gulf  and  River  St.  Lawrence  with 
Labrador.  The  original  is  an  engraved  map  in 
Wytfliet's  Continuation  of  Ptolemy,  and  is  repro- 
duced in  facsimile  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  Amer- 
ica, iv.  p.  100.  Cf.  also  Wytfliet's  maps,  showing 
Labrador  and  Greenland,  and  Newfoundland  and 
the  adjacent  parts.  See  ante,  no.  113. 

The  maps  were  repeated  in  the  Douay  edition  of 
1605,  etc. 


165.  A.  D.  1609.    New  France  by  Lescarbot. 

It  shows  the  coast  from  40°  N.  Lat.  to  54°,  with 
the  course  of  the  St.  Lawrence.  It  follows  an  en- 
graved map  in  Lescarbot's  Nouvelle  France.  The 
entire  map  is  reproduced  in  Faillon's  Colonie  Fran- 
caise,  i.  p.  85,  in  Tross's  reprint  of  Lescarbot,  and 
in  the  Popham  Memorial.  Parts  of  it  are  given  in 
the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  p.  152,  304, 
379; 

See  also  the  1612  edition  of  Lescarbot. 

—  A.  D.  1612. 

Champlain's  map,  which  is  reproduced  in  the 
Boston  and  Quebec  reprints  of  Champlain,  and  in 
the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  pp.  380,  381. 

—  A.  D.  1613. 

Champlain's  map,  which  is  reproduced  in  the 
Boston  and  Quebec  editions  of  his  works  ;  and  in 
part  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  America,  iv.  p. 
383.  The  edition  of  1613  had  various  smaller  local 
maps. 

166.  A.  D.  1613.    Canada  and  Norumbega  by 

J.  Oliva. 

Showing  the  coast  from  42°  N.  Lat.  to  68°,  with 
the  course  of  the  St.  Lawrence.  The  original  is  in 
a  MS.  portolano  in  the  British  Museum,  marked  : 
Joannes  Oliva  fecit  in  ciz'itate  Marsilia;  anno  1613. 
Newfoundland,  as  Kohl  remarks,  is  unusually  well 
drawn ;  but  the  rest  of  the  map  is  much  behind  the 
best  knowledge  of  the  time.  See  ante,  no.  90. 

167.  A.  D.  1625.    New  England  and  New 

France,  from  Purchas. 

The  main  sources  of  this  map  appear  to  be  Les- 
carbot's map  of  New  France  and  John  Smith's  map 
of  New  England.  The  original  appeared  in  Pur- 
chas's  Pilgrims,  following  one  in  Sir  William  Alex- 
ander's Encouragement  to  Colonies  (1624).  It  is 
given  in  part  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America, 
iii.  ch.  9. 

168.  A.  D.  1626.    Newfoundland  by  Mason. 

The  original  is  an  engraved  map  in  The  Golden 
Fleece,  by  Orpheus,  Junior,  London,  1626.  The 
map  is  inscribed :  "  Newfoundland  described  by 
Captaine  John  Mason,  an  industrious  Gent.,  who 
spent  seven  yeares  in  the  Countrey."  Cf.  Nar.  and 
Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  p.  379. 

169.  A.  D.  1630.    New  France  by  De  Laet. 

It  shows  the  coast  from  Cape  Cod  to  Labrador, 
and  as  far  inland  as  Lake  Champlain.  The  original 
is  an  engraved  map  in  De  Laet's  Nieuiae  Wereldt. 
The  map  is  apparently  based  on  the  maps  of  Pur- 
chas, Lescarbot,  and  Champlain.  It  was  repeated 
in  the  Latin  (1633)  and  the  French  (1640)  editions. 
It  is  sketched  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  America, 
iv.  p.  384,  and  in  Cassell's  United  States,  i.  240. 

170.  A.  D.  1632.    New  France  by  Champlain. 

This  follows  the  engraved  map  in  the  edition  of 
1632.  It  is  reproduced  in  the  Quebec  and  Boston 
editions  of  Champlain,  in  O'Callaghan's  Doc.  Hist, 
of  N.  Y.,  vol.  iii.,  and  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist. 
America,  iv.  pp.  386,  387. 


32 


THE   KOHL   COLLECTION   OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


171.  A.  D.  1632. 

An  unfinished  sketch  of  the  same  map. 

172.  A.  D.  circa  1640.     Canada. 

After  a  rough  draft  preserved  in  the  Depot  de  la 
Marine  at  Paris.  Its  chief  peculiarity  is  in  making 
Lakes  Superior  and  Huron  flow  into  the  St.  Law- 
rence through  the  Ottawa,  with  no  passage  for  their 
waters  through  Erie  and  Ontario.  Lake  Michigan 
is  not  indicated.  It  is  sketched  in  the  Nar.  and 
Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  p.  202.  Is  this  the  map 
noted  by  Harrisse,  Notes,  etc.,  no.  197,  which  he 
puts  sub  anno,  1665? 

—  A.  D.  1641  (?). 

Riviere  St.  Laurent  (Montreal  to  Tadoussac), 
noted  in  Harrisse,  Notes,  etc.,  no.  191. 

—  A.  D.  1647. 

The  "  Canida  "  map  of  Dudley's  Arcana  del  Mare, 
of  which  a  sketch  is  given  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit. 
Hist.  America,  iv.  p.  388. 

—  A.  D.  1656. 

Sanson's  Le  Canada,  ou  Notivelle  France.  It  is 
sketched  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  p. 
391.  Cf.  Harrisse,  Notes,  etc.,  no.  327. 

173.  A.  D.  1660.    New  Prance. 

Inscribed  Tabula  Nova  Francis  anno  1660,  and 
the  language  of  the  map  is  Latin.  It  corresponds 
in  extent  nearly  to  the  Champlain  map  of  1632. 
Kohl  speaks  of  it  as  a  map  which  he  found  in  the 
great  Paris  library ;  but  it  is  really  the  engraved 
Du  Creux  or  Creuxius  map,  which  is  given  (in  part) 
in  facsimile  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv. 
p.  389.  Cf.  Harrisse,  Notes,  etc.,  no.  329. 

—  A.  D.  1662. 

Map  in  Blaeu's  Atlas,  of  which  a  sketch  is  given 
in  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  p.  391.  It  was 
repeated  by  Blaeu  in  1685. 

—  A.  D.  1663. 

A  map  of  the  course  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  of 
which  a  sketch  is  given  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist, 
of  America,  iv.  p.  148. 

A  map  in  the  ^Jesuit  Relation  of  1662-63,  of  which 
a  portion  is  given  in  facsimile  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit. 
Hist,  of  America,  iv.  p.  311. 

174.  A.  D.  1666.      Lakes   Champlain  and   On- 

tario. 

It  is  called :  "  Carte  des  grands  lacs  Ontario  et 
[Champlain]  et  des  pays  traverses  par  Mrei  de  Tracy 
et  Courcelles  pour  aller  attaquer  les  Agniez,  1666." 
The  original  is  in  the  Depot  de  la  Marine  at  Paris. 
It  gives  the  Hudson  from  Orange  [Albany]  upwards. 
It  is  sketched  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America, 
iv.  p.  312.  Cf.  Faillon,  La  Colonie  Francaise,  iii. 
125,  and  Harrisse,  Notes,  etc.,  no.  332. 

175.  A.  D.  1666.      Lakes   Ontario   and   Cham- 

plain. 

Copied  from  an  engraved  map  in  the  Jesuit  Re- 
lation of  1664-65.  See  Nar,  and  Crih  Hist.  America, 
iv.  pp.  311,  312,  313. 


—  A.  D.  1666. 

Le  Canada  ou  la  Nouvelle  France :  par  Nicolas 
Sanson,  Paris,  1666. 

The  same,  by  Frederic  de  Witt. 

Harrisse  (Notes,  etc.  nos.  334,  335)  says  he  bor- 
rows these  titles  from  P.  Lelong's  Bibliothtque 
Historique,  i.  no.  1452,  1453. 

—  A.  D.  1668. 

Carte  du  pays  des  cinq  Nations  Iroguoises  Kente  in 
Faillon,  La  Colonie  Francaise,  iii.  196. 

176.  A.  D.  1670.    Lake  Superior. 

Copied  from  the  map  which  appeared  in  the 
Jesuit  Relation  of  1670-71.  Facsimiles  of  this  map 
are  given  in  Bancroft's  United  States,  orig.  ed.,  iii.  p. 
152;  Whitney's  Geol.  Reft,  of  Lake  Superior,  Mo- 
nette's  Mississippi,  vol.  i.,  and  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist. 
America,  iv.  p.  313.  Cf.  Harrisse,  Notes,  etc.,  no. 
34°- 

—  A.  D.  1670. 

Dollier  and  Gallinee's  map  of  Lakes  Ontario  and 
Huron,  sketched  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America, 
iv.  p.  203.  Cf.  Harrisse,  Notes,  no.  200. 

An  undated  MS.  map,  also  sketched  in  Ibidem,  iv. 
p.  206,  shows  the  upper  lakes  and  the  upper  Missis- 
sippi. 

—  A.  D.  1670. 

The  Nwi  Belgii  Tabula  in  Ogilby's  America,  p. 
169;  reproduced  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist  America, 
iv.  p.  392. 

—  A.  D.  1671. 

Lac  Tracy  ou  Siiperieur,  a  MS.  in  the  library  of  the 
Depot  de  la  Marine,  at  Paris,  noted  in  Harrisse, 
Notes,  etc.,  no.  201. 

—  A.  D.  1673. 

Carte  de  la  nmivelle  decouverte  que  les  peres  lesuites 
ont  fait  en  Vannee  1672,  et  continuee  par  le  P.  Jacques 
Marqnette,  —  a  Ms.  map  belonging  to  the  National 
Library  in  Paris,  which  Harrisse  says  (Notes,  etc., 
202)  cannot  now  be  found. 

—  A.  D.  1673. 

Carte  des  missions  des  PP.  Jestiites  sur  le  lac  des 
Illinois,  in  the  Jesuit  Relation,  1673-79,  as  published 
in  New  York  in  1860. 

177.  A.  D.    1675.      The  Great  Lakes  and  the 

Upper  Mississippi  by  Joliet. 

The  original  is  in  the  Depot  de  la  Marine  at 
Paris,  and  has  on  it  a  letter  addressed  to  Frontenac. 
See  Harrisse,  Notes,  etc.,  no.  203-204. 

In  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  (p.  208), 
is  Joliet's  earliest  map  (1673-74),  with  indications 
of  places  where  it  can  be  found  in  facsimile;  (pp. 
212,  213)  is  what  is  known  as  Joliet's  larger  map  of 
1674;  and  (p.  214)  his  smaller  map.  In  the  same 
book  (p.  215)  is  another  early  map  of  the  basin  of 
the  Great  Lakes  from  the  Parkman  Collection,  and 
(p.  218)  a  sketch  of  Joliet's  "Carte  Generale."  Cf. 
Ilarrisse,  Notes,  etc.,  nos.  214,  342,  343.  As  to  the 
genuine  and  spurious  map  of  Marquette  see  Ibidem 
(p.  220),  and  sketch.  This  last  map  is  also  in 
Andreas's  Chicago,  i.  47. 


THE   KOHL   COLLECTION   OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


33 


—  A.  D.  1676. 

Pascaerte  van  Terra  nova,  Nova  Francia,  Nienw 
Engleland  en  de  Groote  Revier  van  Canda  in  Rogge- 
veen's  Tourbe  Ardente,  and  in  the  English  edition, 
The  Burning  Fen. 

178.  A.  D.  1677.     Canada  by  Du  Val. 

This  map  is  inscribed  as  follows :  "  Le  Canada, 
fait  par  le  Sr.  de  Champlain  ou  sont  la  Nouvelle 
France,  Nou  Anglet,  Nou  Holl,  Nou  Suede,  Vir- 
ginie,  et  autres  terres  nouvellement  de'couvertes 
suivant  les  memoires  de  T.  du  Val,  Geogr.  clu  Roy, 
Paris,  1677."  Cf.  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  America, 
iv.  p.  388.  Harrisse,  Notes,  etc.  (no.  331),  gives  an 
edition  of  1664,  as  well  as  that  of  1677  (no.  348). 

—  A.  D.  1679. 

Map  of  Joliet's  route  from  Tadoussac  north,  in 
the  Archives  of  the  Marine  in  Paris.  Harrisse, 
Notes,  etc.,  no.  207. 

Various  sectional  maps,  preserved  in  the  library 
of  the  Marine  at  Paris,  are  noted  in  Harrisse's 
Notes,  etc.,  nos.  209-213. 

—  A.  D.  l68l. 

A  map  (27°  to  44°  N.  Lat.)  in  the  library  of  the 
Marine  at  Paris,  made  by  Franquelin.  Cf.  Har- 
risse, Notes,  etc  ,  no.  215,  and  others  of  Franquelin, 
in  nos.  216,  217,  218. 

179.  A.  D.  circa  1683.    The  Great  Lakes  and  the 

Upper  Mississippi  by  Raffeix. 

It  is  called :  "  Parties  les  plus  occidentales  du 
Canada."  It  is  sketched  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist. 
America,  iv.  233.  Harrisse  (Notes,  no.  238)  puts  it 
under  the  year  1688. 

—  A.  D.  1683. 

Hennepin's  Carte  de  la  Nouvelle  France  in  his 
Description  de  la  Loitisiane.  There  are  facsimiles  in 
Shea's  translation  of  that  book ;  in  Winchell's  Gcol. 
Survey  of  Minnesota,  pi.  6;  and  it  is  given  in  part  in 
the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  p.  249.  This 
may  be  compared  with  Hennepin's  Carte  d'un  tres 
grand  fays  in  the  editions  of  his  Nouvelle  Deconverte 
of  1697,  1698,  1704,  1711,  etc.,  and  of  which  a  fac- 
simile (in  part)  is  given  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist. 
America,  iv.  251.  Cf.  also  Breese's  Early  Hist,  of 
Illinois,  p.  98 

Hennepin's  Carte  d'un  tres  grand  pais  (1697,  1704, 
etc.,  and  with  English  names  in  the  English  edition) 
is  also  in  facsimile  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  Amer- 
ica, iv.  252-253.  Cf.  Harrisse,  Notes,  etc.,  no.  219, 
352- 

—  A.  D.  1684-1686. 

Franquelin's  great  map  of  1684,  see  ante,  under 
no.  100.  and  Harrisse's  Notes,  nos.  222,  223.  The 
map  (1685)  which  Franquelin  made  of  the  St.  Law- 
rence, after  material  furnished  by  Joliet.  Harrisse, 
Notes,  no.  229.  Franquelin's  maps  (1686),  noted 
in  Harrisse,  nos.  231,  232,  —  of  one  of  which  there  is 
a  copy  in  the  Parliamentary  Library  (Canada).  See 
its  Catalogue,  p.  1616. 

—  A.  D.  1685. 

Pnrtie  de  la  Nonvelle  France  par  Hubert  Jaillot. 
Cf.  Harrisse,  Notes,  etc.,  no.  354. 


—  A.  D.  1687. 

Pierre  Allmand's  discoveries  between  Quebec  and 
Hudson's  Bay,  as  given  in  the  map  preserved  in  the 
Archives  of  the  Marine.  Harrisse,  Notes,  no.  233. 

180.  A.  D.  1688.    Ontario  and  Erie  by  Raffeix. 

It  is  inscribed :  "  Le  lac  Ontario  avec  les  lieux 
circonvoisins  et  particulierement  Les  Cinq  Nations 
Iroquoises,  1688."  The  original  is  in  the  National 
Library  at  Paris.  It  is  sketched  in  the  Nar.  and 
Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  p.  234.  Cf.  Harrisse,  Notes, 
no.  237. 

—  A.  D.  1688. 

Franquelin's  map  of  the  Upper  Lakes  and  the 
Upper  Mississippi  as  given  in  Neill's  Minnesota 
(1882) ;  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  pp.  230, 
231 ;  and  in  Winchell's  Ceo/.  Survey  of  Minnesota, 
Final  Report,  i.  pi.  2.  Cf.  Harrisse,  Notes,  nos. 
234,  240. 

Coronelli  and  Tillemon's  printed  maps  (1688)  of 
Partie  occidental  du  Canada  (sketched  in  Nar.  and 
Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  p.  232),  and  Partie  orientate, 
Cf.  Harrisse,  Notes,  etc.,  nos.  359,  361. 

—  A.  D.  1691. 

Carte  generalle  de  la  Nouvelle  France,  etc.  Cf. 
Harrisse,  Notes,  etc.,  no.  364;  also  no.  367. 

Niiova  Francia  e  Luigiana,  in  //  Genio  vagante, 
Parma,  1691. 

—  A.  D.  1692. 

Franquelin's  Nouvelle  France.  Cf.  Harrisse,  ATotest 
no.  248. 

—  A.  D.  1696. 

Le  Canada  by  H.  Jaillot,  showing  the  routes  be- 
tween the  lakes  and  Hudson's  Bay. 

Le  Cordier's  Carte  de  la  Baye  de  Canada,  etc.  Cf. 
Harrisse,  Notes,  etc.,  no.  372. 

—  A.  D.  1699. 

Franquelin's  Partie  de  PAmerique  Septentrianale 
on  est  compris  la  Nouvelle  France,  preserved  in  the 
library  of  the  Marine,  and  noted  in  Harrisse,  Notest 
no.  259. 


—  A.  D.  1703. 

La  Hontan's  map  of  the  great  lakes  in  his  A"ew 
Voyages,  London,  1703;  redrawn  in  his  Memoires 
de  rAmerique,  vol.  ii.  ;  and  also  in  the  editions 
of  1709  and  1713.  A  facsimile  of  the  1703  map  is 
given  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  America,  iv.  p. 
260. 


—  A.  D.  1709. 

The  Carte  generate  de  Canada  in  the  La  Have  ed. 
(1709)  of  La  Hontan,  which  was  repeated  in  his 
Memoires,  (1741),  vol.  iii.  It  is  given  in  sections  in 
the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  America,  iv.  pp.  153, 
258,  259.  His  map  of  the  ''Riviere  Longue,"  in  the 
Nouvcanx  Voyages,  (1709),  vol.  i.  p.  136,  is  repro- 
duced in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  p. 
261. 


34 


THE   KOHL   COLLECTION    OF    EARLY   MAPS. 


VI. 


EAST   COAST   OF   NORTH   AMERICA. 

V*  The  enumeration  of  this  section  may  be  supplemented  by 
those  in  Sections  II.  and  III. 

—  A.  D.  1500-1541. 

The  delineations  of  the  east  coast  begin  with  La 
Cosa's  map  (1500),  and  may  be  traced  through  the 
maps  of  Cantino  (1502),  Ruysch(  1508),  the  Nordens- 
kiold  gores  (15 — ?),  Stobnicza  (1512),  the  Admi- 
ral's map  (1513),  the  Schoner  globes  (1515,  1520), 
Reisch  (1515),  the  Tross  gores  (1514-19?),  the  map 
of  Apian  (1520),  Ptolemy  (1522),  Maiollo  (1527), 
Verrazano  (1529),  Frisius  (1525),  Monk  Franciscus 
(1526),  Thome  (1527),  the  Spanish  official  maps 
(1527-1529),  the  map  of  the  Sloane  MS.  (1530), 
globe  of  Finaeus  (1531),  the  Lenox  woodcut  (1534), 
the  map  of  Agnese  (1536),  the  Charles  V.  portulano 
0539).  the  Nancy  globe  (1540?)  the  map  of  Minister 
in  the  Ptolemy  of  1540,  the  Mercator  gores  of 
1541,  etc. 

These  are  but  typical  specimens  to  show  the  con- 
stancy or  variations  of  types  among  the  cartog- 
raphers of  the  time,  and  they  have  all  been  described 
on  earlier  pages. 

A  reconstruction  of  the  Chaves  map  of  1536  (now 
lost)  is  attempted  by  De  Costa  in  the  N.  E.  Hist. 
Geneal.  Reg.  April,  1885. 


181.  A.  D.  1542.    From  Cape  Breton  to  Florida, 
by  Rotz. 

From  Rotz's  Boke  of  Idrography,  preserved  in  the 
British  Museum.  The  Spanish  names  on  the  coast 
are  corrupted.  Across  the  Gulf  of  Maine  is  the 
legend,  "  The  new  fonde  Londe  quhaz  men  goeth  a 
fisching."  Kohl  thinks  it  perhaps  the  earliest  map 
in  which  buffaloes  are  depicted  in  the  inner  parts  of 
the  Continent.  Cf.  Catalogue  of  MSS.  in  the  British 
Museum  (1844),  i.  p.  23.  The  present  is  no.  17  of 
the  atlas.  Malte  Brim,  Hist,  de  la  Geog.  ed.  by 
Huot,  i.  631  ;  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv. 
82,  and  for  outlines  of  parts  of  Rotz's  maps,  p.  83. 
See  ante  under  no.  55. 

—  A.  D.  1542. 

The  Ulpius  globe.  See  ante  under  no.  55,  and 
in  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  p.  42. 

—  A.  D.  1543. 

The  map  of  Baptista  Agnese.  See  under  no.  56, 
ante. 

—  A.  D.  1544. 

The  Cabot  mappemonde.  See  under  no.  56,  ante. 
The  eastern  coast  is  given  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit. 
Hist.  America,  iii.  22. 

The  sketch  maps  of  the  northeastern  coasts,  by 
Allefonsce,  are  delineated  in  the  ATar.  and  Crit. 
Hist.  America,  iv.  pp.  74-77. 

—  A.  D.  1545. 

Minister's  map,  which  was  re-engraved  in  the 
Ptolemy  of  1552.  It  is  sketched  in  the  Nar.  and 
Crit.  Ilist.  America,  iv.  84. 


—  A.  D.  1545. 

The  map  in  Medina's  Arte  de  navegar,  which  is 
reproduced  in  the  Narrative  and  Crit.  Hist.  America, 
vol.  viii. 

—  A.  D.  1546. 

The  so-called  Henri  II.  map,  of  which  the  east 
coast  is  sketched  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America, 
iii.  195,  and  the  map  of  Johannes  Freire,  of  which 
sketches  are  given  in  Ibid.  iv.  pp.  85,  86.  Cf.  in 
this  history,  iv.  pp.  81-102,  a  section  on  "  The  Car- 
tography of  the  northeast  coast  of  North  America, 
1535-1600." 

—  A.  D.  1547. 

The  Nicolas  Vallard  map,  of  which  a  portion  is 
given  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  87. 

—  A.  D.  1548. 

The  maps  in  the  Ptolemy  of  1548.  See  ante, 
under  no.  58.  The  "Carta  marina"  is  given  in 
facsimile  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  America, 
vol.  viii. 


—  A.  D.  1550. 

Gastaldi's  map  in  Ramusio,  put  about  this  date. 
There  are  facsimiles  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist. 
America,  iv.  91,  and  in  Weise's  Discoveries  of  Amer- 
ica, p.  356. 

See  the  maps  belonging  to  the  Riccardi  palace, 
referred  to  ante,  no.  93.  The  Studi  biog.  e  bibliog. 
soc.  Ital.  geog.  ii.  451,  452,  mentions  Portuguese  at- 
lases of  the  middle  of  this  century  preserved  in  the 
Bibliotheca  Riccardiana,  and  in  the  Royal  Library 
at  Florence,  which  contain  charts  of  the  east  coast 
of  North  America. 


—  A.  D.  155-. 

A  MS.  map  which  belonged  to  Jomard,  a  sketch 
of  which  is  given  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of 
America,  iv.  88. 

182.  A.  D.   i55-(?)      From  the   Mississippi  (?) 

River  to  45°  N. 

A  river  "  Rio  de  Flores  "  is  apparently  the  Missis- 
sippi. The  country  is  called  "  Terra  del  licencia 
dos  Aulloh,"  —  thought  by  Kohl  to  be  a  corruption 
of  Ayllon's  name,  of  whose  explorations  the  map  is 
probably  a  record.  It  is  from  a  MS.  atlas  (1556- 
1566)  in  the  British  Museum.  A  man,  like  a  China- 
man, and  an  elephant  are  depicted  in  the  interior. 

183.  A.  D.  i55-(?).  From  Nova  Scotia  to  Texas. 

From  a  MS.  atlas  in  the  Douce  collection  in  the 
Bodleian  library.  Texas  is  called  "  Topira."  The 
country  north  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  is  called  "Gali- 
guza."  The  general  name  of  the  continent  is  "  I1  lor- 
ida."  A  lion  asleep  is  depicted  in  the  interior. 

—  A.  D.   I55~(?) 

A  map  of  Martines  in  an  atlas  in  the  British 
Museum,  ascribed  to  Martines.  It  is  sketched  in 
the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hut.  America,  ii.  p.  450.  See 
ante,  no.  63. 


THE   KOHL   COLLECTION    OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


35 


—  A.  D.  1554. 

The  Bellero  map  (see  ante,  no.  64),  of  which  a 
facsimile  is  given  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  Amer- 
ica, vol.  viii. 

Baptista  Agnese's  atlas  of  1554  also  shows  the 
east  coast  in  several  maps. 

—  A.  D.  1556. 

The  map  of  the  two  Americas  in  Ramusio  shows 
the  east  coast  of  North  America.  It  is  in  facsimile 
in  the  Nar.  and  Crit,  Hist.  America,  ii.  228.  Cf. 
ante,  no.  66. 

The  map  of  Vopellio  mentioned  under  no.  66, 
ante.  There  is  a  facsimile  of  it  in  the  Nar,  and  Crit. 
Hist.  America,  ii.  p.  436. 

—  A.  D.  1558- 

In  the  atlas  of  Diego  Homem  in  the  British 
Museum.  There  is  a  sketch  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit. 
Hist.  America,  iv.  92,  and  in  H.  H.  Bancroft's  North- 
west Coast,  i.  50.  See  ante,  no.  67. 

—  A.  D.  1561. 

Ruscelli's  "Tierra  Nueva "  in  the  Ptolemy  of 
1561.  See  ante,  under  no.  69,  and  a  sketch  and 
references  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  92. 

184.  A.  D.  1562.    From  Cape  Breton  to  Flor- 

ida, by  D.  Guitierrez. 

From  an  engraved  map,  America  sive  quart<z  orbis 
partis  nova  et  exactissima  descriptio.  Aitctore  Diego 
Gntierro,  Philippi  regis  Hisp.  cosmographo.  Hieron. 
Cock  excud.  1562.  If  the  "Ba.  de  S.  Maria"  is  our 
Chesapeake,  the  "  R.  Salado"  (Salt  river)  and  "R. 
de  S.  Spirito"  are  relics  of  early  Spanish  visits  to 
the  Potomac  region.  The  coast  further  north  is  as 
confused  in  outline  and  names,  as  usual,  for  this 
period. 

185.  A.  D.  1565.    Florida,  etc.,  by  Lemoyne. 

This  extends  from  the  South  Carolina  to  the 
Alabama  coast,  and  the  original  is  an  engraved  map 
in  the  Brevis  Narratio,  describing  Laudonniere's 
expedition,  as  published  in  1591  by  De  Bry.  The 
Spanish  names  on  the  Carolina  coast  indicate  that 
Lemoyne  used  Spanish  drafts  of  that  coast.  A 
trace  of  the  sea  of  Verrazano  is  seen  at  the  north. 

The  map  is  reproduced  in  Gaffarel's  Floride  Fran- 
faise,  in  Shipp's  De  Soto  and  Florida,  and  in  part  in 
the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  ii.  274. 

—  A.  D.  1566. 

The  map  of  Nicholas  des  Liens  in  the  Bibliotheque 
Nationale  at  Paris.  It  shows  the  coast  from  La- 
brador to  Venezuela.  It  is  sketched  in  the  Nar.  and 
Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  79. 

—  A.  D.  1566. 

Zaltieri's  map.  See  ante,  under  no.  69.  There  is 
a  facsimile  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America, 
ii.  p.  451. 

—  A.  D.  1568. 

The  map  of  Diegus  in  the  Royal  Library  at  Dres- 
den shows  the  east  coast. 


—  A.  D.  1569. 

The  great  Mercator  map.  The  east  coast  is  shown 
in  the  sketch  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America, 
iv.  94  (also  in  ii.  p.  452) ;  and  in  a  facsimile,  Ibid.  iv. 
p.  373,  and  also  in  Weise's  Discoveries  of  America, 
p.  360,  and  in  his  Hist,  of  Albany,  p.  4.  See  ante, 
under  no.  71. 

—  A.  D.  1570. 

Ortelius's  map  of  America.  A  sketch  of  the  east 
coast  is  given  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America, 
iv.  95.  Cf.  ante,  no.  72.  The  map  was  repeated  in 
later  editions,  1575,  1584;  re-engraved,  1587,  etc. 

—  A.  D.  1572. 

Porcacchi's  map,  of  which  the  east  coast  is  shown 
in  the  sketch  given  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist. 
America,  iv.  96.  Cf.  ante,  under  no.  72.  Repeated 
in  1576,  etc. 

—  A.  D.  1573. 

A  Spanish  mappemonde,  given  by  Lelewel,  i.  pi. 
7,  shows  the  east  coast. 

—  A.  D.  1574. 

Two  maps  of  this  date  in  Theatri  Orbis  terrarum. 
enchiridion  (1585)  of  Philippus  Gallasus  "per  Hugo- 
nem  Favolium  illustratum,"  show  the  east  coast. 

186.  A.  D.  1578.    From  Florida  to  45°  N.,  by 

Martines. 

From  a  MS.  atlas  (no.  15)  in  the  British  Museum. 
Kohl  remarks  on  its  inferiority  to  Ribero's  map 
(1529),  and  says  that  the  Spanish  maps  degenerated 
for  a  long  time  after  Ribero.  The  country  is  called 
"  La  Florida."  See  sketch  in  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist. 
America,  ii.  229. 

187.  A.  D.  1578.    East  Coast  by  Martinea. 

A  very  inaccurate  sketch  of  the  coast  from  Labra- 
dor to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  in  which  the  peninsula 
of  Florida  and  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  are  only 
recognizable.  The  original  belongs  to  a  MS.  atlas 
by  Joan  Martines  in  the  British  Museum.  The  main 
is  called  "  Nova  Spagna."  The  St.  Lawrence  river 
and  the  Hudson  seem  to  unite  and  form  a  channel, 
making  New  England  an  island.  There  is  a  sketch 
of  it  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  97. 

188.  A.  D.  1578.    The  same. 

A  rough  sketch. 

—  A.  D.  1580. 

The  map  of  John  Dee,  in  the  British  Museum. 
Cf.  ante,  no.  96. 

—  A.  D.  1582. 

Lok's  map,  which  appeared  in  Hakluyt's  Dirers 
Voyages,  and  is  reproduced  in  Winter  Jones's  edition 
of  that  book,  and  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America, 
iii.  40  and  iv.  44,  and  in  Weise's  Discweries  of  Amer- 
ica, p.  7. 

The  map  of  the  Mercator  type  in  Popelhniere  s 
Trot's  mondcs  shows  the  east  coast. 


THE   KOHL   COLLECTION    OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


—  A.  D.  1585. 

John  White's  map  of  the  coast  from  the  Chesa- 
peake to  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  preserved  among  the 
De  Bry  drawings  in  the  British  Museum,  and  first 
engraved  for  Dr.  Edward  Eggleston's  paper  in  the 
Century  Magazine,  November,  1882.  A  sketch  of  it 
is  given  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist,  America,  iv.  45. 

—  A.  D.  1587. 

The  map  in  Hakluyt's  edition  of  Peter  Martyr. 
Cf.  ante,  under  no.  79. 

The  map  (1587)  in  Johannes  Myritius'  Opusculum 
Geographicum,  Ingolstadt,  1590. 

189.  A.  D.  1590.    Old  Virginia  by  John  White. 

This  shows  Chesapeake  bay  and  the  North  Caro- 
lina coast.  This  is  the  map  by  De  Bry  attached  to 
the  Admiranda  Narratio,  descriptive  of  the  experi- 
ences of  Raleigh's  company  in  1585.  The  map  is 
inscribed,  "autore  Joanne  With  ;  sculptore  Theodoro 
De  Bry."  Kohl  believes  With  to  be  the  same  as 
Gov.  White  of  that  colony.  Parts  of  the  map  are 
supposed  to  have  been  drawn  from  Ralph  Lane's 
notes.  There  is  a  heliotype  of  it  in  the  Nar.  and 
Crit.  Hist.  America,  iii.  124.  Other  facsimiles  are 
given  in  the  histories  of  North  Carolina  by  Hawks 
and  by  Wheeler,  and  in  Gay's  Popular  Hist,  of  the 
United  States,  i.  243. 

The  "  Quid  Virginia,"  in  Smith's  Generall  His- 
torie  closely  resembles  this  map,  adding  however 
the  entrance  to  the  Chesapeake  at  the  north. 

190.  A.  D.  1  590.    The  same. 
A  rough  sketch. 

191.  A.  D.  1590.    Roanoke  Island  and  Albe- 

marle  Sound,  by  White. 

The  original  of  this  is  in  the  engraved  series  of 
White's  drawings,  published  by  De  Bry.  It  is 
marked  "  The  arrival  of  the  Englishmen  in  Virginia  " 
[1584].  See/tfrf,  no.  202. 


192.  A.  D.  1580.    East  Coast  by  F.  Simon. 

From  Cape  Breton  to  the  Carolina  coast.  A 
sketch  without  annotation  by  Kohl. 

193.  A.  D.  1592.    East  Coast  from  Molineaux's 

Globe. 

From  Florida  to  the  St.  Lawrence.  The  original 
globe  is  in  the  Middle  Temple,  London.  Kohl  calls 
it  a  curious  mixture  of  Spanish  and  English  sources. 
About  Nova  Scotia  there  are  traces  of  a  Portuguese 
nomenclature.  Cf.  sketch  in  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist. 
America,  iii.  213. 

—  A.  D.  1592. 

Hood's  map,  reproduced  in  Kunstmann's  Atlas, 
and  the  east  coast  sketched  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit. 
Hist.  America,  iii.  197,  with  references,  p.  196. 

—  A.  D.  1593. 

The  map  in  the  Speculum  Orbis  Tcrrarum  of 
Cornelius  de  Juda;is.  It  is  sketched  in  the  Nar. 
and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  97. 

The  map  of  the  Mercator  type  in  Maffeius's  His- 
toriarum  IiuHcarum  libri  XVI. 


—  A.D.  1594. 

The  map  (1594)  of  Plancius  in  the  Amsterdam 
edition  of  Linschoten,  1596.  It  was  re-engraved  in 
the  Latin  Linschoten  (Hague,  1599). 

—  A.  D.  1596. 

De  Bry's  map.  It  is  sketched  in  the  Nar.  and 
Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  99. 

194.  A.  D.  1597.    East  Coast  by  Wytfliet. 

From  Cape  Breton  to  South  Carolina.  The 
original  is  an  engraved  map  in  Wytfiiet's  Descrip- 
tionis  PtolemaiciE  Augmentum,  published  in  1597. 
Kohl  thinks  it  shows  the  earliest  attempt  at  tracing 
the  Alleghany  Mountains.  The  parts  of  the  coast 
above  North  Carolina  are  difficult  to  identify  be- 
yond a  question. 

Wytfliet's  map  of  the  coast  of  New  Brunswick 
and  Labrador  is  given  in  facsimile  in  the  Nar.  and 
Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  100,  and  of  Florida  and 
Carolina  coasts  in  Ibid.  ii.  281,  and  his  map  of 
America,  in  Ibid.  ii.  p.  459. 

—  A.  D.  1597. 

The  maps  in  the  Ptolemies  of  this  year  (nos.  2,  29, 
34,  35),  published  at  Arnheim  and  Cologne,  being 
the  same  edition. 

—  A.  r>.  1598. 

The  maps  in  the  Basle  edition  of  Minister's  Cosmo- 
graphia,  and  in  the  English  (Wolfe's)  edition  of 
Linschoten. 

—  A.  D.  1600. 

The  map  of  Quadus.     See  ante,  no.  99. 

The  map  of  Molineaux,  which  was  reproduced  by 
the  Hakluyt  Society  in  1880,  and  of  which  a  sketch 
of  the  east  coast  can  be  found  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit. 
Hist.  America,  iii.  216,  iv.  377. 

The  map  in  Metullus's  America,  based  on  Wyt- 
fliet. 

The  map  by  Jodocus  Hondius  of  about  this  time, 
which  is  reproduced  in  the  Hakluyt  Society's  edition 
of  Drake's  World  Encompassed. 

—  A.  D.  1601. 

The  map  in  Herrera's  Descripcion  de  las  Indias. 

—  A.  D.  1603. 

A  map  by  Botero  in  his  Relaciones,  of  which  a 
sketch  of  a  part  of  the  east  coast  is  given  in  the 
Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  378. 

—  A.  D.  1606. 

The  map  in  Cespedes*  Regimiento  de  Navigacion 
(Madrid,  1606). 

195.  A.  D.  1606.    Champlain's  Map  of  Chatham 

Harbor,  Cape  Cod. 

This  is  taken  from  the  1613  edition  of  Champlain; 
and  is  reproduced  in  the  Quebec  and  Boston  editions 
of  Champlain. 

196.  A.  D.  1606.     Champlain's  Map  of  Glouces- 

ter Harbor,  Cape  Ann. 

This  is  taken  from  the  1613  edition  of  Champlain; 
and  is  reproduced  in  the  Boston  and  Quebec  editions 
of  Champlain. 


THE   KOHL   COLLECTION   OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


37 


197.  A.  D.  1606.    Champlain's  Map  of  St.  Croix 

Island. 

This  is  taken  from  the  1613  edition  of  Champlain. 
It  is  reproduced  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America, 
iv.  137,  as  well  as  in  the  Boston  and  Quebec  editions 
of  Champlain. 

—  A.  D.  1606. 

Champlain's  map  of  the  harbor  of  Plymouth, 
Mass.  It  is  reproduced  from  the  1613  edition,  in 
the  Quebec  and  Boston  editions  of  Champlain,  in 
the  Afnif.  of  Amer,  History,  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit. 
Hist.  America,  iv.  109,  and  in  W.  T.  Davis's  Anc. 
Landmarks  of  Plymouth,  35. 

—  A.  D.  1609. 

Lescavbot's  map.  Cf.  ante,  no.  165,  and  facsimile 
in  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  152,  with  another 
in  the  Memorial  Hist,  of  Boston,  i.  p.  49.  The  same 
map  reappeared  in  the  editions  of  Lescarbot  in  1611 
and  1612,  and  in  the  English  edition,  called  Nova 
Francia,  in  1609.  There  are  other  facsimiles  of  the 
map  in  Tross's  reprint  of  Lescarbot,  in  Faillon's 
Colonie  Fnvtfaise,  i.  85,  and  in  the  Popham  Me- 
morial. 

Also  his  map  of  Annapolis  Basin,  Nova  Scotia, 
reproduced  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv. 
140,  together  with  Champlain's  (p.  141)  of  the  same. 

—  A.  D.  1610. 

A  rude  map  of  the  coast  of  New  England  and 
Acadia  in  the  Poore  Collection  of  French  Docu- 
ments in  the  State  House,  Boston ;  sketched  in  the 
Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  143. 

—  A.  D.  1612-13. 

The  coasts  of  Labrador,  Acadia,  and  New  Eng- 
land are  shown  in  Champlain's  two  general  maps  of 
1612  and  1613,  which,  beside  being  reproduced  in 
the  Boston  and  Quebec  editions  of  his  Works  and 
QLuvrcs,  are  given  also  in  facsimile,  with  references, 
in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  pp.  380,  381, 
382. 

—  A.  D.  1613. 

The  map  in  connection  with  De  Quir's  narrative 
in  the  Detectionis  Freti,  etc.  Amsterdam,  1613. 

The  map  of  the  new  world  in  the  Hondius-Mer- 
cator  Atlas  of  1613,  and  the  special  maps  of  Virginia 
and  Florida. 

The  western  hemisphere  by  Michael  Mercator  in 
the  same. 

The  map  of  Johannes  Oliva  in  the  British  Museum. 

198.  A.  D.  1614.    John  Smith's  New  England. 

Kohl  followed  the  map  in  the  Generall  History, 
1632.  The  map  first  appeared  in  his  Description  of 
New  England  (London,  1616).  The  same  plate, 
successively  changed  or  added  to  was  used  in  later 
issues  associated  with  Smith's  name,  and  a  collation 
of  the  map  in  all  these  issues  shows  that  copies  of 
it  exist  in  at  least  ten  different  states  of  the  plate. 
These  are  all  indicated  in  the  Memorial  Hist,  of 
Boston,  i.  p.  52,  whence  the  detailed  statement  in 
Arber's  edition  of  Smith  is  copied.  The  map  was 
copied  by  Ilulsius  in  1617,  was  used  several  times 
by  him,  and  one  state  or  another  of  Smith's  plate 
has  been  repeatedly  reproduced  in  later  days,  as 
described  in  the  Mem.  Hist.  Boston,  to  whose  enu- 
meration may  be  added  the  facsimile  in  the  volumes  of 


The  English  Scholars1  Library,  edited  by  Edward 
Arber  (London,  1884),  entitled  Capt.  John  Smith  : 
Works;  and  the  map  called  Nouvelle  Angleterre 
exactement  decrite  par  le  Capitaine  Jean  Smith  dans 
les  deux  voyages  faits  en  161%.  et  1G15,  published  at 
Leyden  in  1780. 

199.  A.  D.  1616.    New  Netherland. 

This  shows  the  coast  from  below  Chesapeake  Bay 
to  beyond  the  Penobscot,  and  is  the  so-called  "  Fig- 
urative map,"  discovered  in  Holland  by  BrodheaJ. 
Portions  of  this  map  are  shown  in  the  Nar.  and 
Crit.  Hist,  of  America,  iv.  433 ;  Cassell's  United 
States,  i.  247 ;  Mem.  Hist,  boston,  i.  p.  57.  The 
whole  map  is  given  in  Doc.  relative  to  the  Colonial  Hist, 
of  N.  Y.  i.  13,  and  in  O'Callaghan's  New  Nether- 
land.  See  the  section  on  early  maps  of  New  Eng- 
land in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iii.  p.  381. 

200.  A.  D.  1618.    Lescarbot's  Florida. 

From  upper  Florida  to  Port  Royal.  Taken  from 
the  plate  in  the  1618  edition  of  his  Nouvelle  France. 
Kohl  says  some  of  his  errors  respecting  the  region 
about  St.  Augustine  were  copied  by  De  Laet  (see 
post,  no.  203).  The  "Riviere  de  May"  is  made  to 
flow  to  the  sea  from  a  "  Grand  lac  "  in  the  interior. 
Lescarbot  professes  to  have  marked  not  a  thirtieth 
part  of  the  Indian  villages,  while  he  names  those 
which  he  gives  after  their  chiefs. 

201.  A.  D.  1621.    A.  Jacobsz'  Americee  Septen- 

trionalis  pars. 

This  is  the  engraved  facsimile  of  a  printed  map  in 
Dr.  E.  B.  O'Callaghan's  Documents  relating  to  the 
Colonial  History  of  New  York,  given  as  "from  the 
West-Indische  Paskaert,  beschreven  door  A.  lacobsz 
[1621],"  published  at  Amsterdam.  It  shows  the 
coast  from  Labrador  to  the  island  of  Trinidad,  with 
the  Central  American  coast  on  the  Pacific  side. 

There  is  a  sketch  of  a  part  of  the  east  coast  in  the 
Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  383,  and  facsimiles 
are  in  Valentine's  New  York  City  Manual,  1858,  and 
in  the  Penn.  Archives,  2d  ser.  vol.  v. 

202.  A.  D.  1622.    Roanoke  by  Strachey. 

Though  thus  marked  differently,  this  is  the  same 
map  as  no.  191. 

—  A.  D.  1622. 

The  maps  of  the  two  Americas  in  Kasper  von 
Baerle's  edition  of  Ilerrera. 

—  A.  D.  1624. 

The  map  of  the  New  England  and  Nova  Scotia 
coasts,  which  appeared  in  Alexander's  Encourage- 
ment to  Colonies,  was  reproduced  in  Purchas's  Pil- 
grims, iv.  p.  1872,  and  is  given  in  facsimile  in  the 
Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  America,  iii.  306. 

203.  A.  D.  1625.    Florida  by  De  Laet. 

This  is  from  the  original  edition  of  De  Laet  in 
1625,  and  includes  the  country  from  Virginia  to  the 
Mississippi.  It  was  repeated  in  later  editions,  and 
is  called  "  Florida  et  regiones  vicinas."  The  inland 
geography  is  based  on  De  Soto's  journey.  The 
Mississippi  is  a  bay,  "Bahia,clel  Spiritu  Santo,"  fed 
by  many  streams.  For  Florida  (peninsula)  he  seems 
to  have  depended  on  the  accounts  of  Menendez,  and 
for  South  Carolina  on  Lescarbot  (see  ante,  no.  200). 
An  interior  lake  (Lacus  Magnus)  may  have  grown 


THE   KOHL   COLLECTION   OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


from  some  rumor,  Kohl  thinks,  of  Lake  Erie,  but  it 
was  in  the  Lescarbot's  map  in  1618.  A  facsimile  of 
the  North  Carolina  coast  is  given  in  the  Nar.  and 
Crit.  Hist.  America,  iii.  p.  125. 

—  A.  D.  1625. 

Brigg's  map  in  Purchas's  Pilgrims,  iii.  See  ante, 
no.  167. 

The  map  of  Virginia  and  Florida  in  Ibid.  iii.  869 
(after  Hondius). 

—  A.  D.  1626. 

The  map  of  this  date  in  Speed's  Prospect,  London, 
1676. 

204.  A.  D.  1630.    From  Carolina  to  Nova  Sco- 
tia by  De  Laet. 

This  is  the  "  Nova  Anglia,  Novum  Belgium  et 
Virginia "  of  De  Laet's  Novus  Orbis  of  1630.  It 
seems  to  combine  the  results  of  the  French,  Dutch, 
and  English  explorations,  and  names  in  the  corre- 
sponding languages  appear  along  the  coast.  The 
Delaware  rises  in  a  large  lake,  which  Kohl  thinks 
may  have  been  intended  for  Lake  Ontario.  The 
"  Grand  Lac "  at  the  north  would  indicate  some 
knowledge  of  Champlain's  discoveries.  Smith's 
map  of  Chesapeake  bay  and  White's  map  of  Vir- 
ginia are  followed  in  part.  Portions  are  given  in 
facsimile  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iii. 
125,  iv.  436.  Cf.  sketch  of  De  Laet's  "  Nova  Francia 
et  regiones  adjacentes,"  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist. 
America,  iv.  384. 


—  A.  D.  1632. 

Champlain's  great  map. 


See  ante,  no.  170. 


205.  A.  D.  1634.    William  Wood's  New  Eng- 

land. 

It  shows  the  coast  from  York  (Me.),  to  Narragan- 
sett  Bay.  This  is  the  "  South  Part  of  New  England 
as  it  is  planted  this  yeare,  1634,"  belonging  to 
Wood's  New  England's  Prospect,  London,  1634. 

There  are  facsimiles  in  the  Mem.  Hist.  Boston, 
i.  p.  524 ;  Palfrey's  New  England,  i.  p.  360 ;  Young's 
Chronicles  of  Mass.  389,  and  separately  reproduced 
by  Wm.  B.  Fowle  in  1846. 

—  A.  D.  1634. 

A  MS.  map  of  the  Massachusetts  Bay  Colony  of 
about  this  year,  made  apparently  by  Gov.  Winthrop, 
found  among  the  Sloane  MSS.  in  the  British  Mu- 
seum in  1884  by  Henry  F.  Waters.  A  full  size 
photographic  facsimile  was  made  for  the  Boston 
Public  Library ;  a  smaller,  but  less  defective  one, 
was  made  for  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America, 
vol.  iii. 

206.  A.  D.  1635.    Maryland. 

This  is  the  "  Nova  TerravMariee  tabula "  which 
appeared  in  The  Relation  of  Maryland,  London, 
1635.  Smith's  map  is  followed  in  the  main  for 
Chesapeake  bay,  with  some  details  omitted,  and 
others  added.  The  names  on  the  Potomac  are 
those  given  by  Lord  Baltimore's  colony,  not  by 
Smith.  Cf.  reproduction  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist. 
America,  iii.  525.  It  was  followed  in  Ogilby's  Amer- 
ica (London,  1671).  See/0-tf,  under  1670-73. 


—  A.  D.  1635. 

The  map  "  Nova  Belgica  et  Anglia  Nova  "  in  the 
Nieuwe  Atlas  of  Blaeu,  Amsterdam,  1635,  which  was 
largely  followed  by  Dudley. 

The  map  "  Partie  meridionale  de  la  Virginie  et  de 
Floride,"  published  by  Vander  Aa. 

—  A.  D.  1636. 

The  maps  in  the  English  edition  of  the  Mercator- 
Hondius  Atlas,  translated  by  Henry  Hexham,  and 
printed  at  Amsterdam  in  1636.  Beside  the  general 
maps  in  vols.  i.  and  ii.,  there  are  in  vol.  ii.  special 
maps  of  Virginia,  apparently  following  Smith ;  of 
the  coast  from  the  Chesapeake  to  Texas ;  while  the 
map  "  Nova  Anglia,  Novum  Belgium  et  Virginia  " 
shows  the  coast  from  Nova  Scotia  to  Carolina.  The 
New  England  part  is  a  mixture  of  Smith's  draft  and 
the  Dutch  maps.  The  Delaware  rises  in  a  large 
lake,  which  is  connected  by  another  stream  with  the 
Hudson. 

207.  A.  D.  1638.    New  England,  New  Nether- 
land,  and  Virginia  by  J.  Jansson. 

This  closely  resembles  no.  204,  and  covers  the 
same  territory. 

—  A.  D.  1646. 

Maps  by  Petrus  Kaerius,  dated  1646,  in  Speed's 
Prospect,  London,  1668.  See/orf,  under  1651. 

—  A.  D.  1646. 

Dudley's  maps  of  the  east  coast  in  his  Arcano  del 
Mare  are  sketched  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  Amer- 
ica, iii.  303,  iv.  385.  One  of  them  was  re-engraved 
in  the  Documentary  Hist,  of  N.  Y. 

His  Arcano  contains  the  following  special  charts  : 

1.  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  and  adjacent  parts  (see 
ante,  under  no.  172). 

2.  The  coast  from  Monhegan  to  Cape  May. 

3.  The  coast  from  Cape  May  to  Florida. 

4.  Chesapeake  Bay  and  the  North  Carolina  sounds. 

—  A.  D.  1650. 

A  map  of  the  New  England  coast,  of  which  a 
drawing  is  in  the  Mass.  Archives,  Docs.  Collected  in 
France,  ii.  61,  and  a  sketch  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit. 
Hist,  of  America,  iii.  382. 

—  A.  D.  1651. 

Map  of  this  date  in  Speed's  Prospect,  London, 
1676.  See  ante,  under  1646. 

—  A.  D.  1651. 

Visscher's  map  of  Delaware  Bay,  in  Campanius, 
which  is  reproduced  in  Egle's  Pennsylvania,  43,  and 
in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  467. 

—  A.  D.  1651. 

The  curiously  distorted  Mapp  of  Virginia,  show- 
ing the  coast  from  New  England  to  North  Carolina, 
by  "  Domina  Virginia  Farrer,"  published  in  London 
1651,  and  reproduced  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist. 
America,  iii.  465.  Cf.  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  Proc.  xx.  102. 

—  A.  D.   1651. 

Map  of  the  Chesapeake  based  on  John  Smith's,  in 
Atlas  Minor  published  by  Jannson  at  Amsterdam, 
vol.  ii.  p.  389. 


THE   KOHL   COLLECTION    OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


39 


—  A.  D.  1652. 

The  general  maps  of  America  by  C.  F.  Visscher 
(autore  N.  I.  Piscator),  with  the  special  map  of  New 
Netherland,  which  is  reproduced  by  Asher.  Cf. 
maps  under  no.  100,  ante, 

208.  A.  D.  1654.    Lindstrom's  New  Sweden. 

This  is  a  map  of  the  Delaware  River  and  Bay,  made 
by  a  Swedish  engineer.  It  is  given  in  the  Nar.  and 
Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  481 ;  Noiw.  Annales  des 
Voyages,  Mars,  1843;  Penna.  Hist.  Soc.  Memoirs,  iii. ; 
Gay's  Pop.  Hist.  United  States,  ii.  154. 

The  MS.  map  of  Lindstrom  was  on  a  much  larger 
scale,  and  this  has  been  engraved  in  Reynold's 
edition  of  Acrelius. 

—  A.  D.   1654. 

A  Pascaert  published  at  Amsterdam  has  these 
maps  of  the  coast : 

No.  13.  From  Labrador  to  the  Chesapeake. 
No.  14.  From  Delaware  Bay  to  Trinidad. 
No.  15.  From  Nova  Scotia  to  Carolina. 

209.  A.  D.  1656.     Vanderdonck's  New  Nether- 

land. 

From  the  Delaware  to  beyond  the  Connecticut, 
with  the  valley  of  the  Hudson.  It  accompanied 
Adrian  Vanderdonck's  Beschrijvinge  van  Nieuw  Ne- 
delant,  Amsterdam,  1656,  and  there  is  a  heliotype  of 
it  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  438,  and 
facsimiles  are  in  various  other  places  there  enumer- 
ated, as  well  as  in  Weise's  Hist,  of  Albany,  47. 

210.  A.  D.  1656.    Sanson's  Canada. 

Shows  the  coast  from  Labrador  to  the  Chesa- 
peake. This  is  a  preliminary  sketch.  Cf.  ante, 
under  no.  172.  It  is  partly  sketched  in  the  Nar.  and 
Crit.  Hist.  America,  iii.  456;  iv.  391. 

—  A.  D.  1659. 

Map  in  Petavius's  (Petau's)  History  of  the  World. 

The  coast  charts  in  Doncker's  Zee-Atlas,  repeated 
in  later  editions. 

Tl'e  "  Novi  Belgii,  novagque  Angliae  necnon  Partis 
Virginise  tabulae  "  of  N.  L.  Visscher,  published  at 
Amsterdam,  1659. 

—  A.  D.  1660. 

The  map  in  Creuxius's  Historia  Canademis  shows 
the  east  coast.  See  ante,  no.  173.  This  map  is 
given  in  facsimile  in  Shea's  Mississippi,  p.  50,  in 
the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  p.  389,  and  in 
Martin's  transl.  of  Bressani's  Relation. 

—  A.  D.  1661. 

The  "  Pascaerte  van  Nieu  Nederland "  in  Van 
Loon's  Atlas  (no.  46),  and  the  coast  north  of  Boston 
in  no.  45. 

—  A.  D.  1662. 

A  map  of  the  Carolina  coast,  as  explored  by  Wil- 
liam Hilton  and  drafted  by  William  Shapley.  A 
facsimile  of  the  original  in  the  British  Museum  is 
given  in  the  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  Proceedings,  December, 
1883,  p.  402,  and  a  sketch  in  the  Nar.  'and  Crit.  Hist. 
America,  vol.  v. 


—  A\  D.   1662. 

Map  of  the  New  England  and  New  Netherland 
coast  in  the  Blaeu  Atlas,  in  the  volume  called  Ame- 
rica, pars  quinta.  It  was  repeated  in  the  edition  of 
1685.  There  is  a  sketch  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist. 
America,  iv.  391. 

—  A.  D.  1663. 

The  map  of  the  new  world  of  this  date  used  in 
Heylin's  Cosmographie,  1666,  1674,  l^>77- 

—  A.  D.  1663. 

A  MS.  map  of  the  coast  of  Acadia,  of  which  a 
copy  is  preserved  in  the  Poore  collection  in  the 
Mass.  Archives,  and  is  sketched  in  the  Nar.  and 
Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  148. 

—  A.  D.  1666. 

A  map  of  "  De  Noord  Rivier  "  published  at  Mid- 
dleburgh,  and  also  in  Goos's  Zee- Atlas,  shows  the 
coast  about  New  York  harbor.  It  is  reproduced  in 
the  Lenox  edition  of  the  Vertoogh  and  Breeden  Raedt 
and  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  440. 

—  A.  D.  1666. 

A  map  of  the  Carolina  coast  appended  to  A  brief 
Description  of  the  Province  of  Carolina,  London, 
1666.  The  map  is  reproduced  in  Hawks's  North 
Carolina,  and  in  Gay's  Pop.  Hist.  United  States,  ii. 

285. 

—  A.  D.  1669. 

The  map  "Amerique  Septentrionale  "  of  G.  San- 
son. 

—  A.  D.  1670. 

The  map  of  the  Carolina  region  given  in  John 
Lederer's  Discoz'eries,  London,  1672.  There  is  a 
sketch  of  it  in  Hawks's  North  Carolina,  and  a  fac- 
simile in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  vol.  v. 

—  A.  D.  1670-73. 

The  maps  in  Montanus,  Dapper,  and  Ogilby  at 
this  time  were  mainly  from  the  same  plates, 'but 
there  were  exceptions : 

1.  De  nieuwe  en  onbekende    Weereld  door  Arnold 
Montanus,  Amsterdam,  1671.     The  map  of  America 
is  marked  "  per  Gerardum  a  Schagen,"  and  repre- 
sents the  great  lakes  beyond  Ontario  merged  into 
one.     Some  copies  are  dated  1670. 

2.  Die  unbekante  Neue  Welt .  .  .  durch  Dr.  O.  D. 
(i.  e.  Olfert  Dapper);  the  name  of  Montanus,  from 
whom  it  is  a  translation,  not  appearing.     It  is  pub- 
lished by  the  same  Jacob  von  Meurs  as  no.  i,  but 
omits  the  dedication  to  the  Prince  of  Nassau,  and 
has  a  different  "  privilegium  "  and  a  "  Vorrede  an 
den  Leser,"  not  in  no.  i.     It  has  the  same  map  of 
America,  but  it  is  newly  engraved,  with  different 
vignettes,  and  is  marked  "  per  Jacobum  Meursium." 

3.  America,   being'  an   accurate  description   of  the 
ATei.u  World,  London,  1670.     This  is  mainly  a  trans- 
lation of  Montanus  by  John   Ogilby,  and  notwith- 
standing  the   date    (1670)    in   the   title,   there    is   a 
reference  on   p.  211   to  the   "present   year,    1671." 
Most    of   the   maps   and    engravings    are    from    the 
plates  used  in  nos.  i  and  2;  but  the  map  of  America 
is  an  entirely  different  one,  marked  "per  Johannem 
Ogiluium  .  .  .  F.  Lamb,  sculp."     A  part  of  this  map 
is  given  in  facsimile  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist. 


THE   KOHL    COLLECTION    OF    EARLY    MAPS. 


America,  iv.  393.  There  is  an  extra  map  of  the 
Chesapeake,  of  English  make,  beside  the  one  taken 
from  Montanus,  and  also  English  maps  of  Jamaica 
and  Barbadoes,  not  in  Montanus. 

4.  America  ;  being  the  latest  and  most  accurate  de- 
scription of  the  New  World.  This  is  made  up  of  the 
same  sheets  as  no.  3,  with  a  new  title  and  an  appen- 
dix, not  in  no.  3.  The  maps  of  no.  3  are  repeated. 

The  map  in  Richard  Blome's  English  Empire  in 
America,  in  which  he  followed  Sanson. 

Of  about  this  date  is  a  chart  of  the  New  England 
coast  with  soundings  (measuring5  A  X  2inz feet),  found 
in  1884  by  H.  F.  Waters  in  the  British  Museum. 

—  A.  D.  1675. 

A  Dutch  atlas  of  Roggerveen,  published  in  sev- 
eral languages,  known  in  English  as  the  Burning 
Fen,  contains  various  coast  charts  : 

No.  i.  Cape  Breton  to  South  Carolina. 

No.  2.  Newfoundland  to  New  England. 

No.  29.  North  Carolina,  with  Chesapeake  and  Del- 
aware bays.  • 

No.  30.  The  Delaware  Bay,  mouth  of  the  Hudson, 
and  Long  Island. 

No.  31.  Narragansett  to  New  York. 

There  are  enumerations  of  Dutch  Zee-Atlassen  in 
the  Inventuris  der  Verzameling  Kaarten  berustende  in 
het  Kijks-Archief,  (s'Gravenhage,  1867),  and  in  P.  A. 
Tiele's  Nederlandsche  Bibliographie  van  Land-  en 
Volkenknndc,  (Amsterdam,  1884). 

Sz&  post,  no.  218,  for  Seller's  map  of  New  England. 

—  A.  D.  1676. 

The  maps  of  New  England  and  New  York,  in 
Speed's  Prospect,  based  largely  on  the  Dutch  drafts ; 
of  Virginia  and  Maryland,  based  on  Smith ;  and  of 
the  Carolinas. 

—  A.  D.  1677. 

The  map  in  Hubbard's  Narrative  of  the  Troubles 
in  New  England,  Boston,  1677,  and  London,  1677, — 
the  latter  plate  being  reproduced  in  Palfrey's  N~ew 
England,  iii.  p.  155,  and  in  Judge  Davis's  ed.  of 
Morton's  Memorial. 

—  A.  D.  1680. 

A  chart  of  the  coasts  of  Maine,  New  Hampshire, 
Massachusetts,  and  New  Plymouth  (measuring  3f% 
X  2iez  feet),  discovered  in  the  British  Museum  by 
H.  F.  Waters  in  1884. 

—  A.  D.  1680. 

A  map  of  the  New  England  coast  in  the  French 
Archives,  copied  by  Mr.  Poore  in  the  French  docu- 
ments (Mass,  Archives),  and  sketched  in  the  Nar. 
and  Crit.  Hist.  A?nerica,  iii.  383. 

Maps  of  the  NewNetherland  coast,  including  New 
England,  much  resembling  one  another,  are  found 
dating  probably  about  this  time,  though  the  year  is 
usually  lacking,  respectively  assigned  to  Jamison, 
Schenck,  Visscher,  Danckers,  Ottens,  Allard,  Scatter, 
etc.  They  are  Dutch  and  German,  and  were  proba- 
bly occasioned  by  the  temporary  success  of  the 
Dutch  at  New  Amsterdam  in  1673. 

211   and  212.   A.  D.   1682.     "Wilson's   Carolina. 
(Two  copies.) 

Shows  the  coast  from  the  Chesapeake  to  St. 
Augustine,  with  a  corner  map  of  the  Cooper  and 


Ashley  rivers.  From  a  printed  map  belonging  to 
Samuel  Wilson's  Account  of  the  Province  of  Carolina 
in  America,  London,  1682.  The  map  is  called  "  A 
new  Description  of  Carolina,  by  order  of  the  Lords 
Proprietors."  The  book  throws  no  light  on  the 
origin  of  the  map,  but  Kohl  suspects  White's  map 
may  have  been  the  basis  of  the  North  Carolina  part, 
and  Wm.  Sayle's  surveys  have  been  used  for  the 
more  southerly  parts.  Kohl  says  that  the  boundary 
line  here  given  between  Carolina  and  Virginia  is  the 
earliest  instance  of  its  being  laid  down  in  a  map. 
The  river  May  flows  from  a  large  "Ashley  Lake." 

It  is  also  found  in  Chas.  Deane's  copy  of  Ogilby's 
America,  and  perhaps  in  other  copies. 

—  A.  D.  1683. 

Hennepin's  Carte  de  la  Nouvelle  France  shows  the 
east  coast.  See  ante,  under  no.  179. 

213.  A.  D.  1684.    Hack's  Carolina. 

This  map  is  very  nearly  identical  with  nos.  211 
and  212,  and  is  signed  "Made  by  William  Hack  at 
the  signe  of  Great  Britaine  and  Ireland,  near  new 
stairs  in  Wapping.  Anno  Domini  1684."  The 
original  is  a  printed  map. 

—  A.  D.  1684. 

Franquelin's  great  map  shows  the  east  coast.  It 
is  sketched  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America, 
iv.  228.  See  ante,  under  no.  100. 

—  A.  D.  1685. 

The  "  Nova  Belgica  et  Anglia  nova  "  in  Blaeu's 
Atlas.  See  ante,  under  A.  D.  1662. 

Minet's  Carte  de  la  Louisiane  shows  the  east 
coast.  It  is  sketched  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist. 
America,  iv.  237. 

Map  of  New  England  in  Seller's  New  England 
Almanac,  of  which  there  is  a  reproduction  in  Pal- 
frey's Ncu.'  England,  iii.  489. 

See  the  map  of  New  England  and  New  York, 
given  in  Cassell's  United  States,  \.  330,  as  dated  1684, 
and  engraved  by  Michault. 

—  A.  D.  1687. 

The  maps  by  Morden  in  Blome's  Present  State  of 
his  Majcstv's  Isles  and  Territories  in  America,  London, 
1687.  The  map  of  New  England  is  reproduced  in 
the  Papers  concerning  the  attack  on  Ifatfield  and  Deer- 
field,  New  York  (Bradford  Club),  1859;  that  of 
Carolina  is  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America, 
vol.  v. 

—  A.  D.   1688. 

The  "Canada"  of  Coronelli,  "Corrigee  et  aug- 
mentee  par  Tillemon,"  "partie  oricntale,"  published 
in  Paris  in  1688,  and  on  a  reduced  scale  in  1689, 
shows  the  east  coast,  after  the  Dutch  drafts. 

The  map  of  New  England  in  the  Amsterdam 
editions  (1688,  1715)  of  Blome  is  different  from  the 
one  named  ante,  under  A.  D.  1687.  That  of  1688  is 
reproduced  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America, 
vol.  v. 

—  A.  I).  1689. 

A  MS.  map  by  Raudin  in  the  collection  of  Mr. 
S.  L.  M.  Barlow  in  New  York. 


THE   KOHL  COLLECTION    OF   EARLY  MAPS. 


—  A.  D.  1690. 

A  map  of  New  England  and  New  York,  published 
in  London  by  Thomas  Basset  about  1690.  It  has 
the  characteristics  of  the  prevailing  Dutch  cartog- 
raphy, and  twenty-five  copies  have  been  reproduced 
in  facsimile  for  J.  Hammond  Trumbull. 

—  A.  D.  1691. 

The  map  in  Leclercq's  £tablissement  de  la  Foy, 
which  is  reproduced  in  J.  G.  Shea's  translation  of 
that  book. 

214.  A.  D.  1696.    Cotton  Mather's  New  Eng- 

land. 

The  "Exact  Mapp  of  New  England  and  New 
York,"  contained  in  Mather's  Magnolia,  London, 
1702,  in  which  he  speaks  of  his  map  under  date  of 
1696.  There  has  been  a  facsimile  made  of  it.  It  is 
also  reproduced  in  Cassell's  United  States,  i.  pp.  492, 
516. 

—  A.  D.  1697. 

Hennepin's  map  in  the  Nouvclle  Decouverte. 

Allard's  Minor  Atlas  of  about  this  date  contains : 

"  Nova  Belgica  et  Anglia  nova,"  presenting  the 
prevailing  Dutch  drafts. 

"Totius  Neobelgii  nova  tabula"  gives  the  coast 
from  the  Chesapeake  to  the  Penobscot,  with  a 
picture  of  New  York  after  its  recapture  (1673). 

"  Nova  Virginia?  tabula,"  following  Smith's  map. 

—  A.  D.  1698. 

Gabriel  Thomas's  map  of  the  New  Jersey  coast 
and  Delaware  Bay,  which  appeared  in  his  Account 
of  Pennsylvania,  and  is  reproduced  in  Cassell's 
United  States,  i.  282,  and  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist. 
America,  iii.  50* • 

—  A.  D.  1700.  (?) 

Courtenay  in  the  Charleston  Year  Book  (1883) 
places  before  1700  "  A  new  map  of  Carolina,"  of 
which  he  gives  a  facsimile. 

A  colored  chart  of  about  this  date,  showing  the 
coasts  of  New  France,  New  Scotland,  and  New 
England  (measuring  iH  X  ifz  feet)  found  by  Mr.  H. 
F.  Waters  in  the  British  Museum  in  1884. 

215.  A.  D.  1700.    Province  of  New  York. 

It  shows  the  country  as  far  north  as  the  Mohawk, 
from  a  little  distance  east  of  the  Connecticut  to  a 
meridian  west  of  Perth  Amboy.  It  follows  a  map 
in  the  State  Paper  Office,  London,  marked :  "  A 
map  of  the  Province  of  New  Yorke  in  America  by 
Augustin  Graham,  Surveyor-General,"  and  is  dedi- 
cated to  Lord  Bellomont.  The  last  grant  on  the 
map  is  put  down  as  in  1697,  and  Kohl  conjectures 
the  map  must  have  been  made  about  1700.  The 
grants  distinguished  are  chiefly  on  the  eastern  side 
of  the  Hudson,  and  date  from  1684  to  1697.  It 
shows  also  the  grant  along  both  sides  of  the  Mo- 
hawk River  in  1697  to  Godfray  Dellius. 

216.  A.  D.  1700.    The  same. 

Another  copy,  less  perfect,  and  without  annota- 
tions. 

—  A.  D.  1701-1721. 

The  maps  in  John  Thornton's  Atlas  Maritimus. 


—  A.  D.  1702. 

The  map  in  Campanius.  See  ante,  under  no.  loo, 
and  his  more  detailed  map  showing  the  coast  from 
Maine  to  the  Chesapeake,  given  also  in  facsimile  in 
the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  485. 

217.  A.  D.  1709.    Lawson's  Carolina. 

Shows  the  coast  from  Cape  Henry  to  St.  Augus- 
tine. It  is  copied  from  the  map  in  John  Lawson's 
History  of  Carolina,  London,  1714.  The  first  edition 
was  in  1709,  and  the  map  is  repeated  in  the  German 
translation,  Hamburg,  1712,  1722. 

—  A.  D.  1709. 

La  Hontan's  Carte  Glnlrale  de  Canada  shows  the 
New  England  and  Acadian  coast,  and  this  part  is 
given  in  facsimile  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  Amer- 
ica, iv.  153. 

218.  A.  D.  171-?    Seller's  New  England. 

Shows  the  coast  from  the  Kennebec  to  beyond 
the  Connecticut  River.  It  is  called  "A  mapp  of  New 
England  by  John  Seller,  hydrographer  to  the  King," 
and  was  made  not  long  after  1700,  as  Kohl  thinks. 
The  original,  which  is  more  extended,  is  in  Harvard 
College  library,  and  a  text  accompanying  it  seems  to 
be  taken  from  Josselyn's  Tivo  Voyages.  It  is  cer- 
tainly not  so  late  as  Kohl  puts  it,  since  Josselyn's 
book  was  printed  in  1674,  and  the  map  itself  is  men- 
tioned in  the  London  Gazette  in  1676,  as  follows: 
"There  is  now  extant  a  map  of  New  England,  as  is 
now  divided  into  three  great  colonies  of  Plymouth, 
Massachusetts,  and  Connecticut,  with  a  printed  de- 
scription by  John  Seller." 

—  A.  D.  1713. 

The  rude  delineation  of  the  east  coast  in  Joutel's  . 
Journal  historiqne,  Paris,  1713.     This  map  is  repro- 
duced in  the  Mag.  of  Amer.  Hist.  1882,  p.  185,  and  in 
A.  P.  C.  Griffin's  Discovery  of  the  Mississippi,  p.  20. 

—  A.  D.  1718. 

Nicolas  de  Fer's  "  Partie  meridionale  de  la  riviere 
de  Mississippi"  shows  the  Carolina  and  Florida 
coasts. 

219.  A.  D.  i72o(?)    Carolina. 

This  follows  a  MS.  map  preserved  in  the  British 
State  Paper  Office,  bearing  no  date,  but  evidently 
made  after  1715.  On  it  is  marked  : 

"1.  The  way  Coll.  Barnwell  marched  from  Charls- 
town,  1711,  with  the  forces  sent  from  S.  Carol,  to 
the  relief  of  N.  Carolina. 

"2.  The  way  Coll.  J.  Moore  marched  in  the  1712 
with  the  forces  sent  for  the  relief  of  North  Carolina. 

"3.  The  way  Corol.  Maurice  Moore  marched  in 
the  year  1713  with  recruits  from  South  Carolina. 

"4.  The  way  Corol.  Maurice  Moore  went  in  the 
year  1715  with  the  forces  sent  from  North  Carolina 
to  the  assistance  of  S.  Carolina.  This  march  was 
farther  continued  from  Fort  Moore  up  Savano  river, 
near  a  N.  \V.  course,  150  miles  to  the  Charokee 
Indians,  who  live  among  the  mountains." 

There  is  a  sketch  of  the  map  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit. 
Hist.  America,  vol.  v. 

i 

—  A.  D.   1722. 

The  map  of  "  Nouvelle  France  "in  La  Potherie, 
repeated  in  the  1753  edition. 


THE    KOHL    COLLECTION    OF    EARLY    MAPS. 


—  A.  D.  1728. 

The  Atlas  maritimus  et  commercialis  (London)  has 
charts  of  Delaware  and  Chesapeake  bays,  the  New 
England  coast,  the  St.  Lawrence  gulf,  and  Boston 
Harbor. 


220.  A.  D.  1730. 


Indian  Map  of  South  Caro- 
lina. 


It  is  marked  :  "This  map  describing  the  situation 
of  the  several  nations  of  Indians  to  the  N.  W.  of 
South  Carolina  was  coppyed  from  a  draught,  drawn 
and  painted  on  a  deer  skin  by  an  Indian  cacique, 
and  presented  to  Francis  Nicholson,  Esqr,  Governour 
of  South  Carolina,  by  whom  it  is  most  humbly  dedi- 
cated to  his  Royal  High.  George,  Prince  of  Wales." 

This  is  taken  from  the  original  in  the  British 
Museum. 

—  A.  D.  1730. 

The  map  by  Herman  Moll,  attached  to  Davis 
Humphrey's  Hist.  Ace.  of  the  Soc.  for  propagating  the 
gospel  in  foreign  parts,  London,  1730.  It  has  a  mar- 
ginal map  of  the  South  Carolina  coast,  which  is 
reproduced  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America, 
vol.  v. ;  which  may  be  compared  with  the  map  in 
Moll's  New  Survey,  1729  (no.  26),  which  is  given  in 
facsimile  in  Cassell's  United  States,  i.  439. 

221.  A.  D.  1733.    Popple's  Boston  Harbor. 

See  an  enumeration  of  the  maps  of  Boston  Harbor 
in  the  Memorial  Hist.  Boston,  vol.  i.  ii.  and  iii. 

222.  A.  D.  1733.    Popple's  Town  and  Harbour 

of  Charlestown,  S.  C. 

223.  A.  D.  1733.    Popple's  Harbour  of  St.  Au- 

gustine. 

224.  A.  D.  1733.    Popple's  New  York  and  Perth 

Amboy  Harbours. 

Nos.  221  to  224  are  marginal  maps  annexed  to 
Popple's  great  map  of  The  British  Empire  in  Amer- 
ica, which  has  14  other  charts  of  harbors,  beside  3 
views  of  towns.  It  was  first  issued  in  1732,  and  a 
reproduction  appeared  in  Amsterdam  about  1737. 
The  Catalogue  of  the  British  Museum  MSS.,  no. 
23,615  (fol.  72),  shows  a  draft  by  Popple  of  the 
English  and  French  possessions,  dated  1727. 

—  A.  D.  1738. 

The  map  of  America  in  Keith's  Virginia. 

—  A.  D.  1741. 

Moll's  maps  in  Oldmixon's  British  Empire ;  also 
in  edition  of  1708. 

—  A.  D.  1742. 

The  English  Pilot,  published  at  London,  has 
various  coast  charts : 

Nos.  2.  Newfoundland  to  Hudson's  Bay. 

3.  Labrador  to  Cape  St.  Roque. 

4.  Another  covering  the  same. 

5.  Newfoundland  to  Maryland. 

6.  Casco  Bay  by  Cyprian  Southicke  (dated 

London,  1720). 


7.  Newfoundland  coast  by  Henry  Southwood. 

13.  Cape  Breton  to  New  York,  with  separate 

plan  of  Boston  Harbor.     Cape  Cod  is 
pierced  at  the  angle. 

14.  New  York  Harbor  and  vicinity  by  Mark 

Tiddeman. 

15.  Chesapeake  and  Delaware  bays. 

16.  Lower  Chesapeake  and  the  Virginia  rivers. 
19.  Carolina  and  Charleston  Harbor. 

—  A.  D.  1746-1748. 

D'Anville's  "Amerique  Septentrionale "  (Paris); 
but  a  new  draft  with  improvements  was  published  at 
Nuremberg  in  1756. 

—  A.  D.  1747. 

"  America "  in  Bowen's  Complete  System  of  Geog- 
raphy. 

—  A.  D.  1753. 

Robert  de  Vaugondy's  Carte  de  Canada. 

—  A.D.  1755. 

Jeffery's  New  Map  of  Nova  Scotia,  etc.,  showing 
the  coast  from  Labrador  to  Boston. 

Lewis  Evans'  map  of  the  Middle  British  Colonies, 
with  improvements  by  I.  Gibson,  which  is  reproduced 
in  Whittlesey's  Cleveland. 

John  Huske's  Present  State  of  North  America,  2d 
ed.,  London  (1755),  has  a  map  showing  the  English 
claims  and  French  encroachments. 

William  Douglass'  Summary  of  the  British  Settle- 
ments in  North  America,  Boston,  reprinted  London, 
has  D'Anville's  map  "improved  with  the  back  settle- 
ments of  Virginia.'"'  Cf.  Sabin,  xii.  no.  47,552. 

Various  other  maps  were  published  at  this  time, 
occasioned  by  the  controversy  between  the  French 
and  English  governments  as  to  the  bounds  of  their 
respective  possessions  in  America. 

—  A.  D.  1757. 

Carte  de  la  Nouvelle  Angleterre par  M.  B. 

—  A.  D.  1764. 

Map  of  North  America  by  M.,  new  ed.  by  Vau- 
gondy,  1772,  reproduced  in  the  French  Encyclopedic, 
Supplement,  1777. 

—  A.  D.  1769. 

Captain  Cluny's  map  of  North  America  in  The 
American  Traveller,  reproduced  in  the  French  Ency- 
clopedic, Supplement,  17/7. 

225.  A.  D.  1787.    Franklin's  Gulf-Stream. 

It  shows  the  coast  from  Labrador  to  Florida,  and 
is  endorsed :  "  This  draft  of  that  Stream  was  ob- 
tained from  Capt.  Folger,  one  of  the  Nantucket 
whalemen,  and  caused  to  be  engraved  on  the  old 
chart  in  London,  for  the  benefit  of  navigators,  by  B. 
Franklin."  Kohl  calls  this  the  first  attempt  specially 
to  indicate  the  Gulf  Stream  on  a  chart.  The  prefer- 
able track  for  sailing  from  New  York  to  England  is 
pricked  on  the  chart.  It  is  copied  from  an  engraved 
map  in  Franklin's  Philosophical  and  Miscellaneous 
Papers  (London,  1787). 


THE   KOHL  COLLECTION   OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


43 


VII. 
THE   MISSISSIPPI   VALLEY. 

*#*  See  also  the  maps  in  Sections  II.,  III.,  and  VIII. 
—  A.  D.  1500,  etc. 

The  earliest  maps  show  what  stands  with  some 
for  the  Gulf  of  Ganges,  and  with  others  for  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico  (as  in  the  Admiral's,  ante,  no.  32, 
and  Reisch's,  ante,  no.  33).  They  also  show  in  the 
country  north  of  this  gulf,  the  region  ultimately  to 
be  developed  as  the  Mississippi  Valley.  We  begin 
to  have  a  rudimentary  river,  usually  called  "  Rio 
de  Spiritu  Santo  "  as  in  the  map  of  the  gulf  published 
by  Navarrete  (post,  no.  247)  ;  and  this  representa- 
tion of  a  great  river,  flowing  into  the  north  part  of 
the  gulf,  can  be  traced  down  through  various  maps, 
like  that  of  Cortes  in  1524  (post,  no.  248)  ;  of  Mai- 
olio  in  1527  (ante,  under  no.  39)  ;  those  of  Ribero, 
1529  (ante,  no.  41) ;  Mercator,  1541  (under  no.  54) ; 
the  Ulpius  globe,  1542  (under  no.  55)  ;  the  Cabot 
mappemonde,  1544  (under  no.  56) ;  the  Medina  map 
of  1545  (no.  59) ;  the  map  given  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit. 
Hist.  America,  ii.  p.  292;  Bellero's  of  1554  (no.  64) ; 
Vopellio's  of  1556  (under  no.  66)  ;  Homem,  1558 
(no.  67);  Zaltiere,  1566  (no.  94)  ;  Des  Liens,  1566 
(under  no.  69) ;  Dr.  Dee's,  1580  (no.  96),  and  De 
Bry's,  1596  (cf.  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  Amer.,  iv.  99). 

Maps  of  the  type  of  Mercator  (no.  71),  Ortelius, 
1570  (no.  72),  and  Marlines  (nos.  75,  77)  make  the 
water-ways  run  across  the  continent. 

We  find  the  earliest  special  treatment  of  this 
river,  in  a  kind  of  parallel  network  of  streams,  as 
shown  in  Wytfliet's  Florida  et  Apalche  (no.  264) ; 
and  Wytfliet's  draft  is  followed  in  a  map  of  about 
1622,  America  naviter  delineata,  auct.  jftidoco  Hondio, 
Johannes  Janssonius  excudit,  and  in  another  of  1636, 
called  Novissima  et  accuratissima  totius  America  de- 
scrip  tio,  per  N.  Visscher. 

Jefferys,  in  the  map  in  his  North-west  Passage,  1768, 
shows  the  course  of  the  lower  Mississippi  by  a  clotted 
line,  professing  to  engrave  the  map  from  the  "  Her- 
rera  of  1608  ;  "  but  the  maps  in  the  early  editions  of 
Herrera  do  not  have  the  dotted  line. 

226.  A.  D.  1656.    Sanson's  Mississippi. 

It  represents  the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi  as  a 
bay  ("Bahia  del  Espiritu  Santo")  into  which  va- 
rious rivers  empty,  having  their  sources  in  a  semi- 
circular range  of  mountains,  of  which  one  end 
extends  towards  the  Florida  peninsula,  and  the 
other  is  in  Texas.  The  names  within  this  belt  of 
mountains  are  derived  from  the  accounts  of  De 
Soto's  march. 

Later  maps  of  Sanson  follow  this  draft,  as  in  his 
Amerique  Septentrionale,  1669. 

227.  A.  D.  1673     Marquette's  Upper  Missis- 
sippi, showing  the  portages  to  Lake 
Huron. 

It  follows  a  sketch  preserved  in  St.  Mary's  Col- 
lege, Montreal,  and  is  copied  from  the  engraving  of 
it  given  in  French's  Hist.  Coll.  of  Louisiana,  iv.  Dr. 
Shea  first  brought  forward  this  map,  in  his  Discovery 
of  the  Mississippi,  in  1853  ;  and  he  used  the  fac- 
simile which  he  caused  to  be  made  for  that  book,  in 
his  edition  of  the  Jesuit  Relations  of  1673-79  ;  and  it 
has  since  been  reproduced  in  Douniol's  Mission  dit 
Canada  (with  a  sketch  of  a  cabin  on  it,  which  does 


not  belong  to  it),  Blanchard's  History  of  the  North- 
west, Hurlbut's  Chicago  Antiquities,  Andreas'  Chicago, 
in  the  Report  of  the  U.  S.  Chief  of  Engineers,  1876, 
vol.  iii.,  and  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv 
220. 

228.  A.  D.  1673.    Marquette's  Mississippi  ex- 
tended to  the  gulf. 

This  follows  the  map  given  in  Thevenot's  Re- 
ctteil  de  Voyages,  Paris,  1681,  as  Marquette's,  but 
which  was  the  work  of  the  Jesuits.  (Cf.  Harrisse, 
no.  202.)  The  sketch  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist. 
America,  iv.  221,  is  from  the  Parkman  copy  of  the 
original  map,  which  has  now  disappeared  from  the 
Bibliotheque  Nationale  in  Paris.  Sparks,  in  his 
Life  of  Marquette,  copies  the  engraving  in  Thevenot, 
whose  title  differs  from  that  of  the  Parkman  copy. 
The  Catal.  of  the  Library  of  Parliament  (Toronto), 
1858,  shows  another  copy.  It  is  reproduced  in  An- 
dreas' Chicago,  i.  47,  and  in  Breese's  Early  Hist,  of 
Illinois. 

—  A.  D.  1673. 

Pays  et  peuple  dlcouverts  en  1673  dans  la  partie 
septentrionale  de  V Amerique  par  P.  Marquette  et 
jfoliet,  suivant  la  description  qu'ils  en  ont  faite,  recti- 
fiee  stir  diverses  observations  posterieures  de  nouveau 
mis  en  jour  par  Pierre  Vander  Aa  a  Leide. 

—  A.  D.  1674. 

Joliet's  earliest  map,  Nouvelle  decouverte  de  plu- 
sieurs  nations  dans  la  Nouvelle  France  en  fannee 
1673  e*  I^74,  showing  the  whole  length  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi, and  published  by  Gravier  in  colored  fac- 
simile, in  an  Etude  sitr  une  carte  inconnue,  which 
appeared  in  the  Memoires  du  Congres  des  America- 
nistes,  1879,  and  in  the  Revue  de  Geographie,  Feb.  1880. 
This  reduced  colored  facsimile  is  given  in  the  Mag. 
of  Amer.  Hist.  1883,  and  in  A.  P.  C.  Griffin's  Dis- 
covery of  the  Mississippi ;  and  there  are  sketches  of 
it  in  Andreas'  Chicago,  i.  p.  49 ;  and  in  the  Nar.  and 
Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  p.  208. 

Cf.  a  map  in  the  Parkman  Collection,  of  which 
there  is  a  sketch  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  Amer- 
ica, iv.  p.  206. 

—  A.  D.  1674. 

Joliet's  larger  map  is  supposed  to  be  lost.  There 
is  what  is  called  a  copy  in  the  Barlow  Collection  of 
Maps,  belonging  to  S.  L.  M.  Barlow,  Esq.,  of  New 
York.  A  sketch  of  it  is  given  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit. 
Hist.  America,  iv.  pp.  212,  213.  Cf.  Harrisse,  Notes 
sur  la  Nouvelle  France,  no.  203.  (See  ante,  no. 
I77-) 

—  A.  D.  1674. 

Joliet's  smaller  map  is  also  in  the  Barlow  Collec- 
tion, and  a  sketch  from  it  is  given  in  the  Nar.  and 
Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  p.  214.  Cf.  Harrisse,  no. 
204  ;  Parkman's  La  Salle,  p.  453. 

Cf.  for  the  Ohio  valley,  no.  3  of  the  Parkman 
maps,  given  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv. 
p.  215. 

—  A.  D.  1675.  , 

The  "  Bahia  del  Spierto  Santo "  in  Rogeveen's 
Burning  Fen,  no.  19. 


44 


THE    KOHL   COLLECTION    OF    EARLY    MAPS. 


—  A.  D.  1679-1681. 

Harrisse  (nos.  209,  213-218)  cites  early  maps  of 
Franquelin  for  these  years.  Parkman  attributes  to 
Franquelin  a  Carte  de  I'Amerique  septentrionale,  .  .  . 
avec  les  nouvelles  decouvertes  de  la  Riviere  Mississipi 
ou  Colbert  (cf.  Parkman's  La  Salle,  p.  455;  Harrisse, 
no.  219). 

—  A.  D.  1682. 

From  a  copy  of  Franquelin's  map  of  this  date  in 
the  Barlow  Collection,  a  sketch  is  given  in  the  Nar. 
and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  227.  It  shows  the  mouth 
of  the  Mississippi,  but  there  is  a  blank  northward 
from  the  mouth  till  the  Ohio  is  reached. 

229.  A.  D.  1682  (?).    Franquelin's  Mississippi. 

After  a  MS.  map  in  the  Depot  de  la  Marine  at 
Paris,  called  "  Carte  generate  de  la  France  septen- 
trionale .  .  .  Faite  par  le  Sieur  Jolliet."  It  is  dedi- 
cated to  Colbert.  On  the  margin  is  "Johannes  Lu- 
dovicus  Franquelin  pinxit." 

Harrisse  (no.  214)  puts  this  under  1681.  It  is 
sketched  from  the  Parkman  copy  in  the  Nar.  and 
Crit,  Hist.  America,  iv.  2 1 8. 

230.  A.  D.  1682.     The  Mississippi  by  Hen- 

nepin. 

It  shows  the  coast  from  Maine  to  Texas,  and  ex- 
tends to  60°  north.  It  has  no  annotations,  and  is 
marked  "  Rejected." 

231.  A.  D.  1683.    Hennepin's  Mississippi 

It  shows  the  coast  from  Labrador  to  Texas.  This 
is  after  the  map  in  the  1683  edition  of  Hennepin's 
Description  de  la  Louisiane,  in  which  he  combined 
Marquette's  travels  with  his  own,  and  left  the  lower 
Mississippi  a  dotted  line.  It  is  called  Carte  de  la 
Nouvelle  France  et  de  la  Louisiane.  It  is  given  in 
part  in  facsimile  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America", 
iv.  249,  with  references ;  and  the  whole  map  is  repro- 
duced in  Dr.  Shea's  edition  of  Hennepin,  and  in 
"Winchell's  Final  Rept.  Gcol.  Survey  of  Minnesota, 
p.  6.  Cf.  Harrisse,  no.  352. 

—  A.  D.  1684. 

Franquelin's  great  Carte  de  la  Louisiane,  of  which 
a  sketch  is  given  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America, 
iv.  228,  from  a  copy  in  the  Parkman  Collection  of 
maps  in  Harvard  College  Library.  (Cf.  Parkman's 
La  Salle,  pp.  295,  455  ;  Harrisse,  no.  222  ;  Thomassy, 
Geologie practique  de  la  Louisiane,  p.  227.) 

Harrisse  (no.  223)  refers  to  a  Carte  de  FAmerique 
septentrionale  of  De  la  Croix,  which  is  assigned  also 
to  Franquelin. 

—  A.  D.  1685. 

Carte  de  la  Louisiane,  by  Minet.  It  is  sketched  in 
the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  237,  with  refer- 
ences, from  a  copy  in  the  Barlow  Collection  (cf.  Har- 
risse, no.  225). 

232.  A.  D.  1688.    The  Mississippi  by  Franque- 

lin. 

It  is  called  Carte  manuscripte  de  VAmcrique  septen- 
trionale par  J.  B.  Louis  Franquelin,  Hydrographe  du 
Roy  en  Canada.  Quebec  en  1688.  It  gives  the  Mis- 
sissippi a  wide  zigzag  course,  and  makes  it  debouch 
on  the  coast  of  Texas.  Kohl  has  not  annotated  it. 


It  has  been  engraved  for  E.  D.  NeilPs  History  of 
Minnesota,  1882;  and  this  engraving  is  reproduced 
in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  230,  231,  and 
in  Winchell's  Final  Report  of  the  Geological  Survey  of 
Minnesota,  vol.  i.  pi.  2. 

233.  A.  D.  1688.    The  Mississippi  by  Coronelli. 

This  is  from  Father  Coronelli's  published  map, 
America  Settentrionale,  1 688.  He  seems  to  have 
been  ignorant  of  Marquette's  discoveries.  The  Mis- 
souri is  not  indicated.  The  "  Ouabache  "  is  about 
where  the  Ohio  should  be ;  and  the  "  Ohio  "  runs 
parallel  with  it  further  south. 

A  sketch  of  the  map  by  Coronelli,  as  corrected  by 
Tilleman,  Paris,  1688,  is  given  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit. 
Hist.  America,  iv.  232.  It  was  issued  in  two  parts, 

—  one  of  the  eastern,  the  other  of  the  western,  por- 
tions of  North  America.     These  two  were  united  in 
1689  on  a  smaller  scale. 

—  A.  D.  1688. 

Carte  des  parties  les  plus  occidentales  du  Canada, 
par  le  Pere  Pierre  Raffeix,  S.  J.,  —  a  MS.  map  in  the 
Bibliotheque  nationale  of  Paris,  from  a  copy  of 
which  in  the  Kohl  Collection  a  sketch  is  given  with 
the  marginal  inscriptions  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist. 
America,  iv.  233.  There  is  another  copy  in  the  Bar- 
low Collection.  Cf.  Harrisse,  no.  238. 

There  is  in  the  Barlow  Collection  a  map,  which 
Harrisse  (Notes,  etc.,  p.  xxv.  and  no.  241)  believes  to 
be  the  lost  original  of  a  map  by  Raudin,  Frontenac's 
engineer ;  and  of  this  a  sketch  is  given  in  the  Nar. 
and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  235. 

234.  A.  D.  1689.    Lahontan's  Long  River. 

This  fabulous  stream  is  represented  as  rising  in 
the  Rocky  Mountains,  and  flowing  into  the  Missis- 
sippi above  the  Missouri.  Kohl  thinks  the  river  in 
question  may  have  been  the  St.  Peter's  River.  La- 
hontan  professed  to  copy  the  western  part  of  the 
river  from  an  Indian  map,  made  for  him  in  that 
country. 

This  map  appeared  in  the  Nouvcaux  voyages,  La 
Haye,  1709,  vol.  i.  p.  136,  and  is  reproduced  in  the 
Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  p.  261. 

235.  A.  D.  1689.    Coronelli's  Canada  ou  Nou- 

velle France. 

It  shows  the  coast  from  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence 
to  Texas,  and  gives  the  bounds  between  New  France 
and  the  English  possessions.  Kohl  thinks  the  pres- 
ent map  a  French  imitation  of  no.  233. 

—  A.  D.  1689-1699. 

Harrisse  (nos.  231,232,  240,  248,  259)  assigns  va- 
rious other  maps  to  these  years. 

—  A.  D.  1691. 

The  map  in  Leclercq's  JStablissement  de  la  Foy, 
which  is  reproduced  in  Dr.  Shea's  translation  of 
that  book. 

—  A.  D.  1692. 

Hubert  Jaillot,  who  had  inherited  the  plates  of 
Nicolas  Sanson,  published  in  Paris  what  passes  as 
Sanson's  Amerique  septentrionale,  —  the  plate  of 
which  was  long  in  use  in  Amsterdam  and  else- 
where. 


THE  KOHL  COLLECTION   OF  EARLY  MAPS. 


45 


236.    A.  D.  1698.    Henuepiu's  Mississippi. 

This  shows  the  river  carried  to  the  gulf.  It  first 
appeared  in  Hennepin's  Nouvelle  Dicouverte,  Utrecht, 
1697,  which  had  two  distinct  maps,  showing  the  Mis- 
sissippi extending  to  the  gulf. 

The  first  Carte  (Tun  tres  grand  pais  nouvellement  dl- 
couvert,  etc.,  is  reproduced  in  theJVar.  and  Crit.  Hist, 
of  America,  iv.  pp.  252,  253,  and  was  repeated  in  the 
editions  of  the  Nouvelle  Decouverte,  printed  at  Ley- 
den  in  1704,  and  was  re-engraved  in  the  English  edi- 
tion, Discovery  of  a  large,  rich,  and  plentiful  country 
(London,  1720),  with  English  names. 

The  second,  Carte  d'une  ires  grand  fays  entre  le 
nouveau  Mexique  et  la  mer  glaciale,  was  used  in  the 
later  editions  of  1698,  1704,  1711,  etc.,  with  changes 
hi  successive  issues,  and  is  reproduced  in  the  Nar. 
and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  vol.  iv.  p.  251,  and  in 
Breese's  Early  Hist,  of  Illinois,  p.  98. 

237.  A.  D.  1698.    The  Mississippi  by  De  Fer. 

He  follows  Coronelli  in  making  the  "  Ouabache  " 
and  "  Ohio  "  parallel  streams.  Published  in  Paris  in 
1698. 

—  A.  D.  I;OO. 

Carte  des  Environs  du  Mississipi,  envoy te  &  Paris 
en  1700.  Cf.  Thomassy,  Geol.  pract.  de  la  Louisiane, 
pi.  i. 

—  A.  D.  1701. 

De  Fer's  Castes  aux  Environs  de  la  rivttre  Missis- 
sipi. Cf.  Thomassy,  p.  201. 

—  A.  D.  1702. 

Thomassy  ( Geol.  pratique  de  la  Louisiane,  p.  209) 
refers  to  an  original  draft  by  Guillaume  Delisle, 
Carte  de  la  riviere  du  Mississipi,  dressee  sur  les  me- 
moir es  de  M.  Le  Sueur,  1702,  which  is  preserved  in 
the  Archives  Scientifiques  de  la  Marine. 

—  A.  D.  1702. 

The  map  in  Campanius'  Nya  Swerige  gives  the 
lower  portions  of  the  river  rudely.  There  is  a  fac- 
simile in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  394. 

—  A.  D.  1703. 

Lahontan's  Carte  gtnlrale  de  Canada,  which  ap- 
peared in  his  Nouveaux  Voyages,  La  Haye,  1703,  and 
was  repeated  in  some  of  the  later  editions.  It  was 
re-engraved  in  the  Memoires,  Amsterdam,  1741,  vol. 
iii.  It  is  reproduced,  with  references,  in  the  Nar. 
and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  258. 

—  A.  D.  1705. 

De  Fer's  Le  Canada  ou  Nouvelle  France. 

—  A.  D.  1703. 

The  map  of  Delisle,  showing  the  route  of  De  Soto, 
and  called  Carte  de  la  Louisiane  et  dti  Cotirs  du  Mis- 
sissipi, published  in  Paris,  and  repeated  in  Garci- 
lasso  de  la  Vega's  Histoire  des  Incas,  etc.,  Amster- 
dam, 1707,  and  in  Delisle's  Atlas  Nouveau,  Amster- 
dam, 1740.  It  is  reproduced  in  French's  Hist.  Col- 
lections of  Louisiana,  ii.  (dated  1707);  in  Gravier's 
La  Salle  (1870) ;  in  part,  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist. 
America,  ii.  p.  295 ;  in  Cassell's  United  States,  i.  p. 
475;  in  Winchell's  Final  Rept.  of  the  Geol.  of  Minne- 
sota, i.  p.  20.  See/<W,  no.  238. 


—  A.  D.  1712. 

Louisiana  am  Fluss  Mississippi  in  the  German 
translation  of  John  Lawson's  Carolina,  Hamburg, 
1712. 

—  A.  D.  1713. 

Carte  Nouvelle  de  la  Louisiane  et  de  la  riviere  de  Mis- 
sissipi .  .  .  dressee  par  le  sieur  Joutel,  belonging  to 
Joutel's  Journal  historique,  Paris,  1713.  A  part  of 
this  map  is  given  in  the  Mag.  of  Amer.  Hist.,  1882, 
p.  185,  and  in  A.  P.  C.  Griffin's  Discovery  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi, p.  20.  Cf.  Thomassy,  Geologie  prac.  de  la 
Louisiane,  p.  210. 

The  English  translation  of  this,  A  Journal  of  the 
Last  Voyage  performed  by  La  Salle,  etc.,  Paris,  1714, 
has  a  map  showing  the  course  of  the  Mississippi. 
(Cf.  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iv.  240.) 

—  A.  D.  1715. 

Herman  Moll's  New  and  Exact  Map  of  the  Domin- 
ions of  the  King  of  Great  Britain,  has  a  lesser  map 
attached,  called  Louisiana,  with  the  Indian  Settle- 
ments and  Number  of  Fighting  Men,  according  to  the 
Account  of  Capt.  T.  Nearn. 

—  A.  D.  1718. 

Le  Cours  du  Mississipi  ou  de  Saint-Louis,  par  N. 
de  Fer,  embodying  previous  information,  was  made 
by  direction  "  de  la  compagnie  d'occident." 

Partie  meridionale  de  la  riviere  de  Mississipi,  par 
N.  de  Fer,  extends  north  to  the  Illinois  country. 

238.  A.  D.  [1719.]     Delisle's  Louisiana. 

It  shows  the  routes  of  De  Soto  and  others.  It  is 
called  Carte  de  la  Louisiane  et  du  Cours  du  Mississipi. 
It  was  followed  by  H.  Moll  in  1720,  and  Popple  in 
1732.  Kohl  says  it  is  the  earliest  map  to  show  the 
word  Texas  (Los  Teijas),  and  to  show  the  Cumber- 
land and  Tennessee  Rivers. 

Thomassy  ( Geol.  practique  de  la  Louisiane,  p.  211) 
refers  to  the  June,  1718,  map  of  Delisle.  See  ante, 
under  A.  D.  1703. 

—  A.  D.  1719-20. 

Thomassy  gives  a  Carte  de  la  Cote  de  la  Louisiane, 
preserved  in  the  Archives  Scientifiques  de  la  Marine 
in  Paris,  based  on  surveys  made  at  this  time  by  M. 
De  Serigny. 

—  A.  D.  1720. 

A  new  map  of  Louisiana  and  the  river  Mississipi, 
which  appeared  in  Some  Considerations  on  the  Conse- 
quences of  the  French  settling  Colonies  on  the  Missis- 
sipi. London,  1720. 

Moll's  New  Map  of  the  North  Parts  of  America, 
1720,  follows  Delisle's  of  1718,  for  the  Louisiana 
portion.  It  is  reproduced  in  Lindsey's  Unsettled 
Boundaries  of  Ontario,  Toronto,  1873. 

Gerard  van  Keulen  published  at  Amsterdam  a 
large  map,  Carte  de  la  Nouvelle  France,  ou  se  voit  le 
Cours  des  grandes  Rivieres  Mississippi  et  St.  Laurens, 
with  observations  on  French  fortified  posts. 

De  Beauvillier's  Carte  nouvclle  de  la  partie  de 
Fouest  de  la  province  de  la  Louisiane  (Thomassy,  p. 
214). 

i 

—  A.  D.  1722. 

The  "  map  of  Carolana  and  the  river  Meschacebe  " 
in  Daniel  Coxe's  Description  of  Carolana,  London, 


46 


THE   KOHL   COLLECTION    OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


1727,  and  repeated  in  later  editions.     See  post,  no. 
239- 

—  A.  D.  1722. 

La  Potherie's  Carte  genlrale  de  la  Nouvelle  France 
in  his  Hist,  de  VAmerique  septentrionale,  Paris,  1722, 
vol.  ii.,  gives  the  misplacement  of  the  mouths  of  the 
Mississippi  which  originated  with  La  Salle. 

—  A.  D.  1722. 

Le  Blond  de  la  Tour's  Entree  du  Mississipi  en 
1722.  (Cf.  Thomassy,  pi.  iii.) 

—  A.  D.  1724. 

The  "  Carte  de  1'Amerique  "  in  Lafitau's  Mceurs 
des  Sauvages  Ameriquains,  Paris,  1724,  vol.  i.  24. 

—  A.  D.  1724. 

Plan  particulier  de  V embotlthure  du  fietive  Saint- 
Louis,  signed  by  De  Pauger,  royal  engineer. 

—  A.  D.  1726. 

A  "  new  map  of  Louisiana  and  the  river  Missis- 
sipi "  in  the  Memoirs  of  John  Ker  of  Kersland,  Lon- 
don, 1726. 

—  A.  D.  1729. 

A  map  of  New  France  and  Louisiana  in  Herman 
Moll's  New  Survey  of  the  Globe,  no.  27. 

—  A.  D.  about  1730. 

AmplissimcE  regionis  Mississipi  seu  Provincice  Lu- 
dovicianiz  a  flennepin  detects  anno  1687,  edita  a  Jo. 
Bapt.  Homanno,  Norimberga.  Has  a  marginal  view 
of  "  Catarrhacta  ad  Niagaram." 

Homann  was  a  cartographer  of  easy  conscience, 
who  seldom  dated  his  maps,  and  this  one  is  little 
better  than  a  re-engraving  of  the  map  in  Joutel's 
Journal  historique.  See  ante,  under  A.  D.  1713.  It 
was  reproduced  by  Homann's  successors  in  his  busi- 
ness, and  again  by  William  Darby  in  his  Geograph- 
ical Description  of  Louisiana  (2d  ed.  1817),  and 
Thomassy  (p.  2)  censures  Darby  for  his  choice  of 
an  early  map. 

—  A.  D.  1732. 

D'Anville's  Carte  de  la  Louisiane  dressee  en  1732; 
publiee  en  1752.  The  upper  part  of  it  is  reproduced 
in  Andreas'  Chicago,  i.  59. 

—  A.  D.  1732. 

Popple's  British  Empire  in  America  follows  De- 
lisle's  map  (1718)  for  Louisiana.  It  was  reissued  in 
1733,  1740,  and  reproduced  at  Amsterdam  in  1737. 
Sabin's  Dictionary,  xv.  no.  64453. 

—  A.  D.  1732. 

Fleuve  Saint  Louis,  ci-devant  Mississipi,  —  a  map 
preserved  in  the  Bibliotheque  Nationale,  Paris, 
based  upon  observations  made  by  Sieur  Diron  in 
1719.  (Cf.  Thomassy,  p.  212.) 

—  A.D.  1733. 

The  map  in  Some  Account  of  the  Design  of  the 
Trustees  for  establishing  the  Colony  of  Georgia  in 
America.  It  shows  the  Atlantic  Colonies  stretch- 
ing to  the  Mississippi  River. 


—  A.  D.  1737. 

Le  Cours  du  fleuve  Mississipi,  1737,  in  Bernard's 
Recueil  de  Voyages  au  Nord,  Amsterdam,  1737,  in 
connection  with  Hennepin's  narrative. 

—  A.  D.  1740. 

A  map  by  Dumont  de  Montigny,  Carte  de  la  pro- 
vince de  la  Louisiane,  autrefois  le  Mississipi,  preserved 
in  the  'Depot  de  la  Marine  at  Paris,  is  said  by  Tho- 
massy (p.  217)  to  be  more  valuable  for  its  historical 
legends  than  for  its  geography. 

239.  A.D.  1741.    Coxe's  Carolana. 

After  the  map  in  Daniel  Coxe's  Carolana,  Lon- 
don, 1741.  Kohl  calls  it  the  earliest  English  map 
of  the  Mississippi.  Kohl  thinks  possibly  Coxe  may 
have  had  unknown  charts  of  the  delta.  He  accepts 
Lahontan's  Long  River.  See  ante,  under  A.  D.  1722. 

—  A.  D.  1743. 

Nicolas  Bellin,  in  Charlevoix's  Nouvelle  France, 
gives  a  Carte  de  la  Louisiane,  cours  du  Mississipi  et 
pais  voisins  ;  and  this,  with  the  other  maps,  is  repro- 
duced in  Shea's  translation  of  Charlevoix. 

Bellin's  Carte  des  embouchures  du  fleuve  Saint 
Louis  is  based  on  a  draft  by  Buache  (1732),  follow- 
ing an  original  MS.  (1731)  preserved  in  the  Archives 
Scientifiques  de  la  Marine.  (See  post,  under  A.  D. 
175°-) 

240.  A.  D.  1749.    Bonnecamps'  Ohio  River. 

After  a  map  in  the  Ministry  of  the  Marine  at  Pa- 
ris, called  Carte  d'un  voyage,  fait  dans  la  Belle  Riviere 
en  la  Nouvelle  France,  1749,  par  le  reverend  Pere 
Bonnecamps,  Jcsuite  Mathematicien.  He  has  marked 
eight  points  where  he  took  observations  for  the  lati- 
tude, and  sundry  other 'places  where  he  buried  in- 
scribed lead  plates  in  token  of  possession  for  the 
king. 

It  also  shows  the  Alleghany  River  from  Lake 
Chatauqua. 

—  A.  D.  1750. 

Bellin  also  has  a  map  of  this  date,  called  Carte  de  la 
Louisiane  et  des  pays  voisins.  It  is  said  that  the  maps 
first  published  by  Bellin  were  not  thought  by  the 
French  government  sufficiently  favorable  to  their 
claims  for  boundaries  on  the  English  colonies,  and  he 
accordingly  reissued  the  maps  with  changes.  When 
Governor  Shirley,  speaking  with  Bellin,  referred  to 
this,  Bellin  is  said  to  have  replied,  "  We  in  France 
must  obey  the  king's  commands."  His  map  mark- 
ing these  bounds  is  reproduced  in  Bonnechose's 
Montcalm  et  le  Canada  fraucais,  5th  ed.,  Paris,  1882. 
(See  ante,  under  A.  D.  1743.) 

—  A.  D.  1753. 

Carte  de  la  Louisiane,  in  Dumont's  Memoires  his' 
toriques  de  la  Louisiane,  vol.  i. 

—  A.D.  1755. 

Bellin's  Carte  de  la  Louisiane,  1750;  sur  de  nou- 
velles  observations  on  a  corrige  les  lacs  et  leurs  environs, 
1755- 

—  A.D.  1755. 

Canada  et  Louisiane  par  le  Sieur  le  Rouge,  inge- 
nieur  geographe  duRoi,  with  a  small  map  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi River. 


THE   KOHL   COLLECTION   OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


47 


—  A.D.  1755. 

D'Anville's  Canada,  Louisiane  ft  Its  terres  an- 
glaises. 

—  A.  D.  1755. 

Robert  cle  Vaugondy's  Partie  de  fAmMque  septen- 
trionale  qui  comprend  le  cours  de  I1  Ohio,  etc. 

—  A.D.  1755. 

A  New  and  Accurate  Map  of  North  America,  con- 
tained in  John  Huske's  Present  State  of  North  Amer- 
ica, 2d  ed.,  London,  1755. 

—  A.  D.  1755. 

John  Mitchell's  Map  of  the  British  Colonies  in 
North  America,  engraved  by  Kitchen,  published  in 
London,  in  1755.  Re-engraved  at  Amsterdam  as  a 
Map  of  the  British  and  French  Dominions  in  North 
America. 

—  A.  D.  1757. 

Carte  de  la  Louisiane  par  rauteur,  1757  in  Le  Page 
du  Pratz's  Histoire  de  la  Louisiane,  vol.  i.  138. 

—  A.  D.  1760. 

Thomas  Jefferys  included  a  map  of  Canada  and 
the  northern  parts  of  Louisiana  in  his  Natural  and 
Civil  History  of  the  French  Dominion  in  North  and 
South  America.  This  same  map,  with  the  date  1762, 
was  used  in  his  Topography  of  North  America  and 
the  West  Indies.  London,  1768. 

—  A.  D.  1760. 

Janvier's  L1  Amerique.  It  extends  from  Louisiana 
to  the  Pacific. 


Jefferys'  Map  of  Canada  and  New  France.  There 
is  a  facsimile  in  Mills's  Boundaries  of  Ontario. 

—  A.  D.  1764. 

La  Louisiane  in  Bellin's  Le  Petit  Atlas  Maritime, 
vol.  i.  no.  40,  and  The  Mouths  of  the  Mississippi  in  nos. 
43  and  44. 

241.  A.  D.  1767.     Carver's  Upper  Mississippi. 

This  follows  the  map  in  Jonathan  Carver's  Travels. 

—  A.  D.  1768. 

The  mouths  of  the  Mississippi  and  neighboring 
coasts  by  Jefferys,  in  his  General  Topography  of 
North  America  and  the  West  Indies,  which,  he  says, 
was  taken  from  several  Spanish  and  French  draw- 
ings, compared  with  D'Anville's  map  of  1752,  and 
with  P.  Laval's  Voyage  a  Louisiane. 

242.  A.  D.  1795.    The  Upper  Missouri  and  Mis- 

sissippi by  Soulard. 

The  original  is  preserved  in  the  Depot  cle  la  Ma- 
rine in  Paris.  It  was  made  for  Colonel  De  Bouligny, 
of  the  Sixth  Regiment  of  Louisiana,  and  taken  to 
France  in  1804  by  M.  Laussat. 


243.  A.  D.  1 80 1.    An  Indian  Map  of  the  Upper 

Missouri  and  its  Affluents. 

The  original  of  this  is  preserved  in  the  Archives 
of  the  Hudson  Bay  Company  in  London.  Drawn 
by  a  Blackfoot  chief  in  1801,  and  taken  to  London 
by  Peter  Fidler.  The  range  of  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains is  marked,  eleven  of  their  peaks  named,  and 
the  Pacific  seacoast  is  drawn. 

244.  A.  D.  1854.    The  Sources  of  the  Missis- 

sippi River. 

This  is  Schoolcraft's  map  given  in  his  Narra- 
tive. 

VIII. 

THE  GULF  OF  MEXICO  AND  WEST 
INDIA  ISLANDS,  WITH  ADJACENT 
LANDS. 

*#*  There  are  notices  of  maps  of  the  mouths  of  the  Missis- 
sippi in  Section  VII.;  and  the  gulf  appears  in  the  maps  of 
Sections  II.  and  III. 

245.  A.  D.  1463.    Antilia  by  Benincasa. 

This  represents  an  early  notion  of  land  to  the 
westward,  the  antetype  of  the  Antilles.  The  chart 
is  from  a  portolano,  described  in  Santarem's  Hist. 
de  la  Cosmographie,  i.  p.  xlii ;  iii.  p.  177.  Cf.  ante, 
under  no.  21,  where  this  map  might  have  been  en- 
tered, if  it  had  been  found  in  season. 

246.  A.  D.  1 500.    La  Cosa's  map. 

The  western  part  of  the  La  Cosa  chart.  Kohl 
has  copied  the  drawing  of  it  in  Ramon  de  la  Sagra's 
Cuba  (Paris,  1837).  See  ante,  no.  26,  and  the  whole 
series  of  maps  enumerated  in  section  ii.,  for  the 
form  the  gulf  took  in  the  earliest  cartography, 
whether  as  a  supposed  Gulf  of  Ganges,  as  it  is  con- 
jectured to  be  in  the  Admiral's  (ante,  no.  32)  and 
other  maps ;  or  as  undeveloped  in  the  Cantino  (1502), 
Ruysch  (1508),  Sylvanus  (1511),  and  Waldseemul- 
ler  (1513)  maps  ;  as  vaguely  shut  in  at  the  north  by 
a  land  Bimini,  shown  in  the  Peter  Martyr  map  of 
1511,  and  in  the  Weimar  map  of  the  Pacific,  of 
1518  (post,  no.  316);  as  an  unenclosed  archipelago, 
of  which  we  have  instances  in  the  Lenox  globe,  and 
in  the  so-called  Da  Vinci  mappemonde.  It  gets 
something  like  definite  though  distorted  shape  in 
the  Stobnicza  and  Reisch  maps,  and  in  the  Tross 
gores.  Then  in  the  Nordenskiold  gores,  in  the 
Schoner  globes  of  1515  and  1520,  and  in  the  Apian 
cordiform  map  of  I  520,  we  have  the  same  distorted 
shape,  but  joined  with  a  westerly  passage,  which 
detaches  South  America  as  an  island. 

247.  A.  D.  1520.     The  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

The  map  published  by  Navarrete  in  his  Coleccion, 
iii.,  is  reproduced  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.Ihst.  Amer- 
ica, ii.  p.  218,  and  in  Weise's  Discoi'eries  of  America, 
p.  278. 

This  is  the  earliest  special  map  of  the  gulf,  and 
the  first  to  delineate  it  with  approximate  accuracy ; 
and  bears  the  title,  Traza  de  Costas  de  Ticrra-firme 
y  las  tierras  mievas. 

Cf.  the  map  of  Ayllon's  explorations,  sketched  in 
the  A'ar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  ii.  p.  285. 
i 

248.  A.  D.  1524.     Gulf  of  Mexico.     (Cortes.) 

The  original  engraving  of  this  chart  appeared  in 
a  letter  of  Cortes,  addressed  to  the  emperor,  and 


48 


THE   KOHL   COLLECTION   OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


printed  at  Nuremberg  in  1524.  Kohl  thinks  it 
shows  the  explorations  of  Garay,  and  does  not  em- 
body any  of  those  of  Cortes  himself.  He  says  it  is 
the  earliest  map  to  show  the  name  Florida.  It  may 
have  been  made  about  the  time  of  no.  247.  It  is  re- 
produced in  Stevens'  Amer.  Bibliographer,  p.  86 ;  in 
his  Notes,  etc.,  pi.  iv.;  and  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist. 
America,  ii.  p.  404.  It  has  an  uncertain  passage  to 
the  west,  by  which  Yucatan  is  made  an  island,  of 
which  there  is  an  indication  in  no.  247,  and  unmis- 
takable expression  in  the  Maiollo  map  of  1527  (ante, 
under  no.  39),  and  is  suggested  in  a  map  by  Friess 
(post,  no.  371).  Later  maps,  like  the  Verrazano, 
1529  (ante,  under  no.  42);  Ribero,  1529  (ante,  no. 
41);  the  Lenox  wood-cut,  1534  (ante,  no.  47,  since 
reproduced  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  ii. 
p.  223)  ;  the  British  Museum  map  of  1536  (post,  no. 
251),  make  Yucatan  insular,  but  do  not  carry  the 
passage  to  the  western  sea. 

249.  A.  D.  1528.    The  Antilles. 

Six  separate  maps  of  Jamaiqua,  Cuba,  Spagnola, 
Guadalupe,  Dominica,  and  Matinina,  from  the  Iso- 
lario  of  Bordone.  Kohl  follows  a  facsimile  made 
for  Henry  Stevens  (see  post,  no.  372). 

—  A.  D.  1529. 

A  section  of  Ribero's  map  (ante,  no.  41),  showing 
the  gulf,  etc.,  is  given  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist. 
America,  ii.  p.  221. 

250.  A.  D.  1534.    Hispaniola. 

From  the  engraved  map  in  the  1534  edition  (com- 
bined) of  Peter  Martyr  and  Oviedo.  Kohl  follows 
a  facsimile  given  in  Stevens'  Amer.  Bibliographer. 
See  no.  256. 

251.  A.  D.  1536.    Gulf  of  Mexico. 

From  a  large  MS.  map  in  the  British  Museum. 
Kohl  says  the  language  of  the  map  is  partly  French 
and  partly  Spanish,  the  latter  much  corrupted ;  so 
that  he  infers  it  to  be  a  French  copy  of  a  Spanish 
original.  He  thinks  it  may  have  grown  out  of  the 
expedition  of  Narvaez,  and  says  that  the  peninsula 
of  Florida  is  for  the  first  time  drawn  with  approxi- 
mate accuracy.  Yucatan  is  an  island.  It  is  sketched 
in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  ii.  p.  225. 

252.  A.  D.  1542.    The  Antilles,  by  Rotz. 

One  of  the  maps  in  Rotz's  Boke  of  Idrography,  in 
the  British  Museum.  The  map  is  sketched  in  the 
Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  ii.  p.  226.  It  is  called 
"  The  Indis  of  Occident,  quhaz  the  Spaniards  doeth 
occupy."  The  latitudes  are  too  high  by  about  three 
degrees  in  the  northern  parts,  and  too  low  by  about 
two  degrees  in  the  southern  parts ;  making  the  dis- 
tance from  Trinidad  to  Florida  much  in  excess  of 
what  it  should  be.  (See  ante,  no.  55.) 

—  A.  D.  1540-50. 

Within  this  period  may  be  placed  the  map,  Carta 
de  las  Antillas,  of  which  a  facsimile  is  given  in  the 
Cartas  de  Indias,  published  by  the  Spanish  govern- 
ment in  1877. 

The  map  mentioned  by  Harrisse  in  his  Cabots, 
p.  185. 

The  so-called  Atlas  de  Philippe  II.  (cf.  Nar.  and 
Crit.  Hist,  of  America,  ii.  222).  See  ante,  under  no. 

52- 

The  1541  Mercator  gores  (Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist. 
America,  ii.  p.  177. 


—  A.  D.  1544. 

The  gulf  and  neighboring  portions  of  the  Cabot 
mappemonde  of  1544,  are  sketched  in  the  Nar.  and 
Crit.  Hist.  America,  ii.  pp.  227,  447. 

253.  A.  D.   1547.     Spanish  America,  by    Nic 

Vallard. 

This  shows  the  coast  of  both  oceans,  from  35°  N. 
to  10°  S.  latitude.  It  is  from  the  MS.  atlas  in  the 
Sir  Thomas  Phillipps  Collection.  Kohl  conjec- 
tures that  the  Spanish  drafts,  apparently  used  in  the 
making  of  this  map,  may  have  been  those  brought 
from  the  peninsula  in  1542  by  Don  Miguel  de 
Sylva. 

Cf.  the  sketch  from  a  MS.  atlas  in  the  Bodleian, 
given  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  ii.  p. 
292. 

254.  A.  D.  1547.    The  same. 
An  inaccurate  draft. 

255.  A.  D.  i555(?).    The  Mexican  Gulf. 

This  is  a  French  map,  and  shows  the  Atlantic 
coast,  from  Maine  to  Honduras.  The  correspond- 
ing Pacific  coast  from  about  the  latitude  of  Mexico 
(City),  is  a  mere  north-and-south  line,  with  conven- 
tional river-mouths.  Kohl  says  the  original  was  dis- 
covered by  Jomard  in  the  possession  of  a  French 
noble  family.  To  judge  from  the  absence  of  Califor- 
nia one  would  place  the  map  before  (say)  1535  ;  and 
the  absence  of  traces  of  De  Soto's  and  other  explora- 
tions on  the  Atlantic  side  would  indicate  as  early  a 
date ;  but  Kohl  places  it  under  "  about  1555,"  as  that 
was  Jomard's  opinion.  Kohl  is  in  error  in  supposing 
that  the  presence  of  Bermuda  on  the  map  establishes 
the  date  after  1530;  since  Bermuda  is  on  the  Peter 
Martyr  map  of  1511,  a  map  unknown  to  Kohl.  It  is 
sketched  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  ii.  p. 
224. 

256.  A.  D.  1556.    Hispaniola.     (Ramusio.) 

From  the  engraved  map  in  Ramusio,  iii.  (1556), 
who  does  not  say  whence  he  got  it.  It  is  reproduced 
in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  ii.  p.  188,  and 
seems  to  follow  no.  250. 

257.  A.  D.  1558.    Spanish  America  by  Diego 

Homem. 

It  shows  the  coasts  of  both  oceans  north  of  the 
Isthmus  of  Panama  to  33°  north  latitude.  A  MS. 
map  in  colors  in  the  British  Museum.  Kohl  calls  it 
the  earliest  general  map  to  embody  the  California 
Peninsula.  The  "Rio  del  Spirito  Santo"  (Missis- 
sippi) has  one  main  channel.  It  is  sketched  in  the 
Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  America,  ii.  p.  229. 

258.  A.  D.  1564.    Hispaniola  by  P.  Forlano. 

The  engraved  original  is  marked  "  In  Venetia 
Paulo  Forlano  Veronese  fee.  1564."  It  is  not  so 
accurate  in  form  as  the  map  of  1534;  and  it  is  not 
known  whence  Forlano  drew  his  notions.  (See  ante, 
under  no.  69.) 

259.  A.  D.  1564.     Cuba  by  Forlano. 

Kohl  calls  this  the  oldest  special  map  of  Cuba 
which  he  had  found.  He  finds  names  here  which 
are  preserved  in  the  Hondius  map  of  Cuba  (1607). 
(See  ante,  under  no.  69.) 


THE   KOHL   COLLECTION   OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


49 


—  A.  D.  1566-72. 

The  maps  of  Zaltiere  (ante,  no.  94)  and  Porcacchi 
(ante,  no.  95)  show  how  distorted  a  shape  the  gulf 
could  assume  even  at  so  late  a  day  as  this.  Cf.  Nar. 
and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  ii.  pp.  451,  453. 

260.  A.  D.  1578.    The  Antilles  by  Martines. 

It  shows  the  Atlantic  coast  from  45°  north  to  3° 
south  latitude.  From  the  Martines  Atlas  of  1578  in 
the  British  Museum.  The  latitudes  are  approx- 
imately correct ;  but  the  longitudes  are  much  out  of 
the  way,  being  stretched  east  and  west  too  far.  It 
is  sketched  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America^  ii. 
p.  229. 

261-262.    A.  D.  1597.      Central    America    by 
Wytfliet. 

This  is  from  Wytfliet's  Continuation  of  Ptolemy. 
See  Winsor's  Bibliography  of  Ptolemy. 

—  A.  D.   1597. 

The  Castilia  del  Oro  of  Wytfliet  is  given  in  fac- 
simile in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  ii.  p.  190. 

263.  A.  D.  1597.    Mexico  by  Wytfliet. 
From  Wytfliet's  Continuation  of  Ptolemy. 

264.  A.  D.  1597.    Florida  et  Apalache  of  Wyt- 

fliet. 

From  Wytfliet's  Continuation  of  Ptolemy.  It  is 
given  in  facsimile  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  Amer- 
ica, ii.  p.  281. 

—  A.  D.  1597. 

Wytfliet's  map  of  Cuba  is  given  in  facsimile  in  the 
Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  America,  ii.  p.  230. 

265.  A.  D.  1601.      Mexico    and  Yucatan   by 

Herrera. 

From  Herrera's  Descripcion  de  las  Indias  (Madrid, 
1601).  The  map  closely  agrees  with  the  text  of  the 
same  book,  except  that  in  the  map  he  calls  the  City 
of  Mexico  91°  west  long,  [from  Ferro?],  and  in  the 
text  he  gives  it  as  103°  from  Toledo. 

A  portion  of  it  is  reproduced  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit. 
Hist.  America,  ii.  p.  392.  < 

266.  A.  D.  1601.    Antilles  by  Herrera. 

A  map  which  appeared  in  Herrera's  Descripcion 
de  las  Indias,  and  considered  by  Kohl  to  be  the  best 
general  map  of  the  West  Indies  produced  up  to  that 
time.  They  are  called  "  Yslas  de  la  mar  del  Norte." 

267.  A.  D.  1630.    Florida  by  Dudley. 

Kohl  takes  this  from  Dudley's  MSS.  preserved  in 
the  Munich  library,  and  not  from  Dudley's  Arcano 
del  Mare,  as  published  in  1646. 

—  A.  D.  1651. 

Maps  of  New  Spain,  Cuba,  and  Hispaniola,  in 
Jannson's  Minor  Atlas,  ii.  393,  397. 


268.  A.  D.  1671.    Jamaica  by  Bloine. 

This  is  from  Blome's  Present  State  of  his  Majesty's 
Isles  and  Territories  in  America,  London,  1687.  It 
purports  to  follow  surveys  made  by  order  of  Sir 
Thomas  Mediford,  Bart.,  late  governor  of  the  island. 

269.  A.  D.  1712.    Pacific  Coast  of  Mexico. 

It  covers  the  space  8°  to  17°  north  latitude.  The 
original  was  engraved  by  John  Senex,  and  published 
in  London,  after  a  Spanish  map  said  to  have  been 
captured  by  an  English  rover,  Capt.  Woodes  Rogers. 
The  engraved  map  appeared  in  Capt.  Rogers's  A 
Cruising  Voyage  around  the  World,  1708-11,  London, 
1712.  The  Spanish  draft  may  have  been  made,  as 
Kohl  thinks,  about  1700.  See/0-rf,  under  no.  289. 

270.  A.  D.  1767.    Northern  Mexico  by  Alzate. 

This  follows  a  MS.  map  in  the  British  Museum, 
which  professed  to  be  drafted  by  Jose  Antonio  Al- 
zate y  Ramirez,  after  the  best  printed  and  MS. 
authorities.  It  shows  the  explorations  of  Father 
Kino  about  the  Colorado  and  its  affluents,  and  gives 
the  northern  extremity  only  of  the  Gulf  of  Califor- 
nia. At  the  top  of  the  map,  under  43°,  it  shows  the 
"  Mar  o  Bahia  del  Vest,"  which  Juan  de  Fuca  ex- 
plored. (See/cw/,  no.  289.) 

271.  A.  D.  1778.    New  Mexico  by  Escalante. 

A  folded  sheet,  without  annotations. 

271 a.  A.  D.  1795.  New  Mexico  by  Juan  Lopez. 

From  a  Spanish  printed  map. 

272.  A.  D.  1852.      Anegada    by   Schomburgk. 

(Virgin  Islands.) 

This  follows  surveys  made  by  Sir  Robert  Schom- 
burgk, published  in  the  Journal  of  the  Royal  Geo- 
graphical Society,  ii.  p.  152  (1852). 

273.  A.  D.  1833.   The  TTsumasinta  River  in  Cen- 

tral America. 

An  engraved  map  in  the  Royal  Geographical  So- 
ciety's Journal,  iii.  59  (1833),  prepared  by  Col. 
Galindo. 

274.  A.  D.  1836.    Costa  Rica  by  Col.  Galindo. 

From  the  Journal  of  the  Royal  Geog.  Society,  vol. 
vi.  (1836).  ' 

275.  A.  D.  1844.    River  Tabasco  by  Peter  Mas- 

ters. 

From  the  Journal  of  the  Royal  Geog.  Society,  vol. 
xv.  (1845). 

276.  A.  D.  1853.    Samana. 

The  Peninsula  and  Bay  of  Samana  in  the  Domin- 
ican Republic,  by  Sir  Robert  II.  Schomburgk,  in 
the  Journal  of  the  Royal  Geog.  Society,  1853. 


THE   KOHL   COLLECTION    OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


IX. 

THE    PACIFIC   COAST   OF   NORTH 
AMERICA. 

#*#  See  ante,  sections  ii.  and  iii.,  ssa&post,  section  x. 

—  A.  D.  1513,  etc. 

Dr.  Kohl  printed  an  abstract  of  his  studies  on  the 
cartography  of  the  west  coast  of  North  America  in 
the  U.  S.  Coast  Survey  Report,  1855,  p.  374,  etc.  ;  and 
there  is  a  MS.  on  the  subject  by  him  in  the  library 
of  the  American  Antiquarian  Society  at  Worcester. 
The  fullest  information  on  the  subject  will  be  found 
in  H.  H.  Bancroft's  North  West  Coast,  vol.  i.,  and  in 
the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  ii.  p.  431,  etc. 

We  find  the  earliest  delineations  of  this  coast  in 
1513  from  two  sources,  —  first,  from  the  Portuguese 
in  their  efforts  to  place  the  Moluccas  in  relations 
with  the  new  continent,  as  shown  in  (post)  nos.  315 
and  316;  and,  second,  from  the  maps  which  show 
the  discovery  of  Balboa,  either  honestly  recorded  as 
in  the  Verrazano  map  of  1524  (ante,  under  no.  42), 
the  Maiollo  (1527,  under  no.  39),  the  so-called  Fer- 
dinand Columbus  (1527,  ante,  no.  38)  and  Ribero 
maps  (1529,  ante,  no.  41)  ;  or  conjecturally  extended 
as  in  Schoner's  globes  of  1515  and  1520  (ante,  nos. 
34,  35),  the  Apian  mappemonde  of  1520  (no.  36),  the 
Thorne  map  of  1527  (no.  39),  the  Minister  map  of 
1532  (under  no.  46)  ;  or  purposely  left  doubtful  as 
in  the  map  of  Reisch's  Margarita  philosophica,  1515 
(ante,  no.  33),  the  Tross  gores  (under  no.  32),  and 
others. 

—  A.  D.  1526. 

The  map  of  the  monk  Franciscus,  making  South 
America  an  island,  identifies  North  America  with 
Asia,  and  substitutes  the  southern  coast  of  Asia  for 
the  west  coast  of  North  America.  (Lelewel,  Geog, 
du  May  en  Age,  pi.  xlvi.) 


The  map  in  the  Sloane  MSS.  (British  Museum), 
illustrating  the  Asiatic  theory  of  North  America. 
(Ante,  no.  43.) 

The  Turin  atlas  described  in  the  Jahresbericht  des 
Vereins  fur  Erdkunde  in  Dresden,  1870,  which  leaves 
the  northern  extension  of  the  coast  uncertain.  (Ante, 
no.  51.) 

—  A.D.  1532. 

The  cordiform  map  of  Orontius  Finasus,  showing 
the  Asiatic  theory  of  North  America.  (Ante,  no.  46.) 

—  A.  D.I  532-40. 

The  map  in  Kunstmann,  which  does  not  go  north 
of  the  California  peninsula. 

—  A.D.  1534. 

The  Lenox  wood-cut  (ante,  no.  47)  does  not  go 
north  beyond  the  limits  of  Central  America. 

—  A.D.  1534-5°- 

The  Italian  mappemonde  given  in  the  Jahresbe- 
richt des  Vereins  fur  Erdkunde  in  Leipzig,  187  1,  which 
shows  the  coast  as  high  as  California. 

—  A.D.  1535. 

Cortes'  map  of  the  coasts  about  the  entrance  of 
the  Gulf  of  California,  bought  by  the  Rev.  E.  E. 


Hale  in  1883  from  the  Spanish  Archives,  of  which 
there  is  a  heliotype  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist. 
America,  ii.  p.  442. 

—  A.D.  1536. 

The  Agnese  mappemonde,  which  shows  the  Cen- 
tral America  and  Mexican  coasts.  (Ante,  no.  52.) 

A  MS.  mappemonde  in  the  British  Museum,  which 
extends  the  coast  northward  to  California.  (Ante, 
no.  52.) 

—  A.  0.1538. 

A  map  in  the  Basle  edition  of  Solinus  and  Pom- 
ponius  Mela,  which  represents  the  western  coast  of 
America  indefinitely  as  "  terra  incognita." 

—  A.D.  1539. 

Plate  xiii.  in  the  Portolano  of  Charles  V.  (ante, 
under  no.  52),  which  shows  the  Central  America 
coast. 

Plates  5v.  and  xiv.  of  the  same,  which  extend 
the  coast  above  the  peninsula  of  California. 

—  A.D.  1540  (?) 

Homem's  mappemonde,  which  extends  the  coast 
northward  to  the  California  peninsula.  (Ante,  no.  60.) 

—  A.  D.  1540-50. 

The  Nancy  Globe  (ante,  no.  61),  which  follows  the 
Asiatic  theory. 

—  A.  D.  1540. 

Miinster's  map  in  the  Ptolemy  of  1540,  which  con- 
jecturally disjoins  North  America  from  Asia.  (Ante, 
under  no.  52.) 

Apian's  map  in  his  Cosmographia  shows  a  similar 
but  distorted  separation.  (See  ante,  no.  62.)  It 
was  repeated  in  the  Antwerp  edition  of  1545,  and  in 
the  Paris  edition  of  1551.  (See  ante,  no.  62.) 

—  A.  D.  1541. 

Mercator's  map  in  gores,  giving  a  conjectural 
western  limit  to  North  America.  (Ante,  under  no.  53.) 

—  A.  D.  1540-50. 

An  Italian  portolano,  now  in  the  Carter-Brown 
collection,  and  noted  in  Quaritch's  Catal.  of  Hist. 
and  Geography,  1885,  no.  362,  under  28,159,  which 
contains  five  maps  showing  the  west  coast  of  North 
America,  as  a  part  of  the  western  hemisphere,  viz. : 

No.  vii.,  which  resembles  a  map  in  an  Atlas  in 
the  Biblioteca  Riccarcliana  ( Jahresbericht  des  Vereins 
filr  Erdkunde  in  Dresden,  1870,  pi.  vi.),  shows  the 
Asiatic  theory. 

No.  ix.  brings  out  the  California  peninsula,  but 
goes  no  farther  north. 

No.  xi.  is  in  gores,  adheres  to  the  Asiatic  theory, 
and  resembles  pi.  ix.  of  the  Jahresbericht,  etc. 

No.  xxvii.  is  confined  to  the  Central  America 
coast. 

No.  xxix.  goes  north  to  the  peninsula  of  California. 

277.  A.  0.1541.    Castillo's  California. 

The  map  published  by  Bishop  Lorenzana  in  his 
Nueva  Espaiia  (1770),  who  found  it  among  the 
archives  of  the  descendants  of  Cortes.  Domingo 
del  Castillo  was  a  pilot  in  the  fleet  of  Alarcon,  who 
explored  the  coast  in  1540,  and  penetrated  to  the 


THE    KOHL   COLLECTION    OF    EARLY    MAPS. 


head  of  the  gulf  of  California  and  discovered  the 
Colorado  river.  A  large  part  of  his  coast  names  are 
not  to  be  found  in  the  accounts  of  Alarcon's  expe- 
dition, nor  in  those  of  the  explorations  of  Ulloa 

(1539). 

Kohl  speaks  of  this  map  of  California  as  the 
earliest  known  ;  but  he  was  not  informed  respecting 
the  map  mentioned  above  under  A.  D.  1535. 

Castillo's  map  is  given  in  facsimile  in  the  Nar. 
and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  ii.  p.  444 ;  and  is  sketched 
in  H.  H.  Bancroft's  Cent.  America,  i.  153,  and  North 
Mexican  States,  i.  Si.  He  gives  the  coast  a  greater 
extension  beyond  the  peninsula  than  it  has  in  the 
original. 

—  A.  D.  1542. 

The  map  in  Rotz's  Idrography  shows  the  Central 
America  coast.  (Ante,  no.  55.)  See  also  the  Ulpius 
globe  under  the  same  number. 

—  A.  D.I  543. 

The  Gotha  map  of  Baptista  Agnese  shows  the 
Central  America  and  Mexican  coasts.  (Ante,  no.  56.) 

—  A.  D.  1544. 

The  Cabot  mappemonde  carries  the  coast  north 
only  so  far  as  the  peninsula  of  California.  (See 
under  no.  56.)  Cf.  sketches  in  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist. 
America,  ii.  pp.  227,  447. 

—  A.  D.  1545. 

A  conjectural  coast,  called  "  Temistitan,"  given  in 
the  mappemonde  of  Miinster  in  his  edition  of  Ptol- 
emy. (Ante,  no.  57.) 

The  map  in  Medina's  Arte  de  ATavegar  shows  only 
the  Central  America  coast.  It  is  repeated  in  the 
1549  edition,  Libra,  etc.  (Ante,  no.  59.) 

Cf.  the  mappemonde,  said  to  be  on  Mercator's 
projection  (?),  put  between  1545  and  1558,  which  is 
described  in  F.  S.  Ellis's  Catal.  1884,  no.  174. 

278.  A.  D.  1546.     Upper  California  by  Juan 

Freire. 

Part  of  a  Portuguese  portolano,  which  was  in  San- 
tarem's  possession  when  Kohl  copied  this  portion 
and  no.  279,  its  complement.  The  language  is  partly 
Latin,  partly  Spanish,  but  mainly  a  corrupt  Portu- 
guese. The  drafts  used  by  Freire  were  evidently,  as 
Kohl  thinks,  those  of  Ulloa  and  Alarcon,  though  he 
must  have  had  other  material.  He  does  not  give 
any  names  corresponding  to  the  accounts  of  the  ex- 
plorations of  Cabrillo  and  Ferrero  (1542-43).  The 
coast  is  given  a  westerly  trend,  as  if  to  connect  it 
with  Asia.  Kohl  judges  that  Freire  had  some  drafts 
of  a  voyager  who  sailed  westward,  and  at  intervals 
lost  sight  of  the  coast. 

279.  A.  D.I  546.     Lower  California  by  Juan 

Freire. 

From  the  same  map  as  no.  278.  A  legend  on  the 
map  in  two  places  credits  Cortes  with  the  discovery 
of  this  coast.  Freire  seems  to  have  used  Castillo's 
chart  and  the  reports  of  Ulloa  and  Alarcon.  See 
Arar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  ii.  p.  448. 

—  A.  D.  1548. 

Gastalcli's  map,  numbered  59  in  the  edition  of 
Ptolemy  of  this  year,  which  follows  the  Asiatic 
theory  ;  and  the  "  Cart  a  Marina  "  in  the  same.  (See 
ante,  under  no.  58  ;  and  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America, 
i'-  435-) 


An  atlas  of  about  this  time  in  the  Biblioteca  Kic- 
carcliana  at  Florence  is  described  in  the  Jahresbericht 
des  Vereins  fur  Erdkunde  in  Dresden,  1870,  which 
has  several  maps  showing  the  west  coast  of  North 
America.  The  maps  in  Tab.  vii.  and  ix.  carry  the 
coast  north  to  the  peninsula  of  California,  and  one 
of  those  in  Tab.  ix.  carries  it  a  little  farther.  Two 
maps  in  Tab.  vi.  illustrate  the  Asiatic  theory. 

—  A.  D.  1554. 

The  map  of  Bellero  shows  the  Central  America 
and  Mexican  coasts.  (Ante,  no.  64.) 

An  atlas  of  Agnese  (ante,  under  no.  64)  gives  maps 
showing  the  coast  from  the  peninsula  of  California 
south. 

—  A.  0.1555. 

A  French  map  brought  forward  by  Jomard  shows 
a  purely  conventional  west  coast.  (Ante,  no.  255.) 

—  A.  0.1556. 

The  map  in  Ramusio  extends  north  to  the  penin- 
sula of  California.  (Ante,  no.  66.) 

The  map  of  Vopellio  in  Girava's  Cosmographia 
adheres  to  the  Asiatic  theory.  (See  ante,  under  no. 
66.)  There  is  a  facsimile  of  the  American  part  in 
the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  ii.  p.  436.  Girava 
says  he  used  a  draft  by  Vopellio  as  the  basis  of  the 
map,  which  is  often  wanting  in  copies  of  the  book, 
whose  value,  according  as  the  map  is  in  facsimile  or 
an  original,  has  recently  been  fixed  by  Quaritch  at 
^"3  10  o  and  £21.  The  edition  of  Girava  in  1570 
is  the  same,  with  the  preliminary  leaves  reprinted. 

—  A.  D.  1558. 

The  map  of  Homem  carries  the  coast  north  to  the 
California  peninsula.  (Ante,  nos.  67  and  257.) 

The  map  of  Marlines,  placed  usually  somewhere 
in  this  decade  (ante,  no.  63)  is  one  of  the  earliest  to 
contract  the  water  supposed  to  separate  America 
from  Asia  to  the  dimensions  of  a  strait.  It  is 
sketched  and  described  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist. 
America,  ii.  450. 

—  A.  D.  1 560. 

The  map  of  Forlani  adheres  to  the  Asiatic  theory. 
(Ante,  no.  69.)  It  is  sketched  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit. 
Hist.  America,  ii.  438. 

—  A.  D.  1561. 

A  map  of  Honter  illustrating  the  Asiatic  theory. 

In  Ruscelli's  edition  of  Ptolemy  (see  under  no.  69, 
ante),  a  map  of  the  western  hemisphere  carries  a 
definite  coast  line  beyond  the  California  peninsula, 
above  which  a  dotted  coast  line  is  marked  "  littus 
incognitum."  The  map  of  "  Nueva  Hispania  "  de- 
velops the  Gulf  of  California  and  adjacent  coasts. 

—  A.  D.  1 566. 

The  map  of  North  America  by  Zaltieri  (ante,  under 
nos.  69  and  94)  shows  the  narrow  strait  as  given  in 
the  Marlines  map  (ante,  under  A.  D.  1558).  It  is 
given  in  facsimile  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  Amer- 
ica, ii.  p.  451.  The  claim  of  Kohl  that  it  is  the 
earliest  to  show  the  straits^of  Anian  compels  the 
putting  of  a  map  of  Marlines  later  than  here  judged. 

A  map  of  Des  Liens  (ante,  under  no.  69)  gives 
only  the  Central  America  coast. 


THE   KOHL  COLLECTION   OF   EARLY  MAPS. 


—  A.  D.  1568. 

The  map  of  Diegus  (Homem)  turns  the  coast-line 
east  a  little  distance  above  the  head  of  the  California 
peninsula.  See  ante,  no.  70;  and  Nar,  and  Crit. 
Hist.  America,  ii.  p.  449 ;  iv.  p.  92. 

—  A.  D.  1569. 

The  great  map  of  Mercator  (ante,  under  no.  71). 
It  established  more  effectually  the  type  of  the  strait 
of  Anian  as  prefigured  by  Martines  and  Zaltieri.  It 
is  sketched  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America, 
di.  p.  452. 

—  A.  D.  1570. 

The  Ortelius  map  follows  Mercator's.  (Ante,  no. 
72,  and /AST",  no.  324.) 

—  A.  D.  1572. 

The  Porcacchi  map  also  gives  a  similar  strait  of 
Anian.  (Ante,  under  nos.  72  and  95.)  It  is  sketched 
in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  ii.  p.  453. 

—  A.  D.  1574. 

Forlani's  map.  (See  post,  no.  325.)  The  map  in 
Gallaeus'  Enchiridion  (ante,  under  no.  72)  follows 
the  Mercator  type. 

—  A.  D.  1576. 

The  map  in  Humphrey  Gilbert's  Discourse  (ante, 
no.  74)  has  a  coast  little  resembling  any  other  map, 
but  gives  the  strait  of  Anian. 

280.  A.  D.  1578.    California  by  Martines. 

It  shows  the  coast  from  10°  to  55°  north,  with 
"  Giapan "  and  a  part  of  the  Asiatic  coast.  It  is 
from  the  Martines  Atlas  in  the  British  Museum, 
made  between  1568  and  1578,  at  Messina,  though 
Martines  seems  to  have  been  a  Spaniard.  The  out- 
line of  the  gulf  of  California  is  much  less  accurate 
than  in  earlier  maps. 

This  is  a  different  atlas  from  the  one  of  i55-(?), 
mentioned  ante  under  A.  D.  1558.  A  sketch  of  the 
Central  America  coast  of  the  1578  atlas  is  given  in 
the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  ii.  p.  229. 

—  A.  D.  1578. 

The  map  in  Best's  Frobisher  is  rudely  delineated. 
(Ante,  no.  78.) 

—  A.  D.  1 580. 

The  map  of  Dr.  Dee  (ante,  no.  96)  carries  the  coast 
above  40°  N.  Lat. 

—  A.  D.  1582. 

Lok's  map  leaves  the  coast  uncertain  above  the 
peninsula  of  California.  (Ante,  no.  97.) 

The  map  of  Popclliniere's  Trois  Mondes  is  of  the 
Mercator  (1569)  type. 

—  A.  D.  1587. 

The  Myritius  map  follows  the  Asiatic  theory. 
(Ante,  no.  79.) 

—  A.  D.  1587. 

The  Hakluyt-Martyr  map  carries  the  coast  well 
up  to  the  Arctic  region.  (And;  under  no.  79.) 


281.  A.  D.  1592.     California   (Moliueaux's 
Globe). 

From  the  globe  in  the  Middle  Temple,  London. 
Sir  Francis  Drake's  track  is  pricked  upon  it,  and  is 
taken  perhaps  from  Drake's  charts,  now  lost.  It 
shows  Drake  to  have  gone  as  far  north  as  48°.  The 
general  trend  of  the  coast  is  more  northerly  than 
westerly,  as  on  earlier  maps.  There  is  a  sketch  in 
the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  ii.  p.  455. 

282.  A.  D.  1593.    Northwest  Coast  by  C.  de 
Judaeis. 

A  map  from  Cornelius  de  Judaeis's  Speculum 
Orbis  Terrce,  1 593,  and  called  "  Quivirae  Regnum," 
which  is  the  name  on  a  protuberance  of  the  coast 
line  in  40°  N.  lat. ;  while  a  larger  protuberance  in 
60°  is  called  "  Anian  Regnum."  Northwest  of  this 
last  peninsula,  under  70°,  is  a  pinnacle-rock,  in  the 
sea,  which  marks  the  "  Polus  Magnetis."  An  in- 
scription in  the  interior  notes  that  oxen  and  cows, 
which  have  the  hump  of  a  camel,  and  the  tail  and 
feet  of  lions,  frequent  the  woody  plain.  (Ante,  no.  98.) 

A  map  of  the  same  date  in  the  Libri  of  Maffeius. 
(Ante,  under  no.  83.) 

—  A.  D.  1597. 

De  Bry's  map,  giving  the  conventional  view  of  the 
time.  See  enumeration  ante,  under  no.  84. 

The  Arnheim  edition  of  Ptolemy  has  the  following 
maps  showing  the  west  coast  of  North  America:  — 

No.  2,  the  western  hemisphere,  much  like  the 
Mercator  type. 

No.  28,  the  straits  of  Anian. 

No.  29,  a  mappemonde,  giving  the  west  coast  in 
the  conventional  manner  of  the  period. 

No.  32,  the  North  Pacific,  showing  an  indefinite 
"  Pars  Americas." 

Nos.  34  and  35,  the  western  hemisphere,  with  a 
Pacific  coast  of  the  Mercator  type. 

The  map  of  Porro  (ante,  no.  85)  distinguishes  this 
edition  from  the  Cologne  edition  of  Ptdlemy  of  the 
same  year. 

Wytfliet's  continuation  of  Ptolemy  contains  several 
maps  showing  the  west  coast. 

No.  i.  The  western  hemisphere  shows  the  straits 
of  Anian.  This  map  is  given  in  facsimile  in  the 
Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  ii.  p.  459. 

No.  13.  "  Granata  nova  et  California"  develops 
the  region  of  the  California  peninsula,  and  a  fac- 
simile of  the  map  of  the  gulf  is  given  in  the  Nar. 
and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  ii.  458. 

No.  14.  "  Quivira  ct  Anian,"  showing  the  region 
from  Cape  Blanco  north. 

—  A.  D.  1598. 

The  mappemondes  in  Wolfe's  Linschoten  and  in 
Minister's  Cosmographia  of  the  current  type  for  the 
west  coast  of  North  America.  (Cf.  ante,  under  nos. 
84  and  86.) 

The  Italian  Ortelius,  published  at  Brescia,  gives  a 
map  of  the  current  type  for  this  coast,  and  one  which 
clings  to  the  Asiatic  theory,  being  about  the  last  in- 
stance of  such  views. 

—  A.  D.  1600. 

The  map  in  the  America  of  Metullus  has  the  Wyt- 
fliet  type.  (Ante,  under  no.  87.) 

—  A.  D.  1601. 

The  maps  of  Herrera  and  Quadus.  (Ante,  nos. 
88  and  99.) 


THE   KOHL   COLLECTION    OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


53 


283.  A.  D.  1602.     The  California  Coast  after 

Viacaino. 

The  coast  from  Cape  Mendocino  to  Cape  St. 
Lucas.  It  is  composed  from  the  32  charts  of  the 
coast  which  Viscaino  made,  and  which  were  depos- 
ited in  the  Spanish  Archives,  when  the  editors  of 
the  voyage  of  the  Spanish  vessels,  "  Sutil "  and  "  Mex- 
icana,"  brought  the  present  sketch  to  light,  basing  it 
on  those  lesser  charts. 

Cf.  sketch  in  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iii.  p. 
75 ;  and  reproduction  in  Atlas  para  el  Viage  de  las 
goletas  Sutii  y  Mexicana  (1802),  by  Dionysio  Alcala- 
Galiano. 

284.  A.  D.  1602.    The  same. 
A  less  perfect  sketch. 

—  A.  D.  1603. 

The  maps  in  Botero's  Relaciones,  —  one  of  the 
world,  the  other  of  the  western  hemisphere,  —  are  of 
the  Mercator  type.  The  Italian  edition  was  in  1595. 
(See  ante,  under  no.  84.) 

—  A.  D.  1604. 

Buache  engraved  in  1754  a  Spanish  map  of  1604, 
made  at  Florence  by  Mathieu  Neron  Pecciolen,  which 
shows  the  gulf  of  California  and  adjacent  coasts. 
It  is  also  in  the  Encyclopedie  published  at  Paris  in 
1777  (supplement). 

—  A.  D.  1606. 

The  map  in  Cespedes'  Regimiento  de  navegaeion 
leaves  the  northwest  coast  partially  indeterminate. 
(Ante,  no.  89.) 

—  A.  D.  1613. 

The  map  illustrating  the  narrative  of  Ferdinand 
de  Quir  in  the  Detectio  Freti  of  Hudson,  edited  by 
H.  Geritsz,  gives  an  unusual  width  to  the  straits  of 
Anian. 

The  Mercator-Hondius  atlas  contains  a  map  of 
the  world,  another  of  America,  both  by  Hondius, 
and  one  of  America  by  Michael  Mercator.  They 
all  show  the  straits  of  Anian,  but  the  protuberant 
coast  of  America  has  no  marked  feature  except  the 
gulf  of  California.  Similar  features  mark  the  map 
of  Hondius,  which  he  based  on  the  results  of  the 
voyages  of  Drake  and  Cavendish  (ante,  no.  91),  and 
the  map  of  Oliva  (ante,  no.  90). 

—  A.  D.  1622. 

The  map  in  Kasper  van  Baerle's  edition  of  Her- 
rera  is  thought  to  be  the  .earliest  to  return  to  the 
original  belief  that  the  peninsula  of  California  was 
an  island.  The  history  of  this  latter  belief  is  traced 
in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  ii.  461,  etc. 
The  same  1622  edition  of  Herrera  at  the  same  time 
repeats  the  map  from  the  original  edition  of  1601, 
which  presents  the  peninsular  form  for  California. 

—  A.  D.  1625. 

The  map  accompanying  the  treatise  by  Briggs  in 
Purchas's  Pilgrimes  (ante,  no.  loo).  It  is  sketched 
in  II.  II.  Bancroft's  North  Mexican  States,  \.  169. 
It  makes  California  an  island.  Cf.  H.  H.  Bancroft's 
Northwest  Coast,  i.  103,  104. 


—  A.  D.  1626. 

The  map  in  John  Speed's  Prospect  makes  Cali- 
fornia an  island,  and  carries  the  main  coast  above  it 
by  a  dotted  line. 

—  A.  D.  1630. 

The  map  in  De  Laet's  Nieuwe  Wereldt.  (Ante, 
no.  92.) 

285.  A.  D.  1630.    Northwest  Coast  by  Dud- 

ley. 

From  Dudley's  Arcane-  del  Mare,  1630.  Kohl 
judges  from  the  original  MS.  draft  of  this  map  pre- 
served in  Munich,  in  which  the  latest  date  men- 
tioned is  1621,  that  Dudley  made  this  map  but  a  few 
years  later.  Dudley  seems  not  to  have  been  aware 
of  Viscaino's  drafts.  His  inscriptions  credit  the 
discovery  of  the  coast,  which  he  calls  "  Regno  di 
Quivira,"  to  Sir  Francis  Drake  in  1579.  He  shows 
"  Asia"  on  the  west  edge  of  the  map,  as  "  La  grand 
isla  di  Jezo,"  and  his  notes  at  Munich  say  that  Dud- 
ley got  his  knowledge  of  that  region  from  the  Jesuits 
in  Japan.  See  facsimile  in  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist. 
America,  ii.  p.  465.  This  is  plate  no.  xxxiiii.  Plates 
xxxi.  and  xxxii.  represent  California  as  a  peninsula. 
In  his  Liber  ii.  (p.  19),  a  map  of  "  Nuova  Albione  " 
extends  from  a  vague  "  golfo  profondo  "  (with  an 
"  I.  de  Cedros  "  at  its  entrance)  to  Cape  Mendocino. 

Kohl  gives  1630  as  the  date  of  the  Arcano,  but 
no  earlier  edition  than  1646  has  come  under  my 
observation;  though  the  book  in  a  smaller  shape 
and  of  that  earlier  date  is  said  to  exist. 

286.  A.  D.  1630.    Gulf  of  California  by  Dudley. 

This  is,  as  Kohl  says,  from  the  MSS.  of  Dudley 
at  Munich,  and  not  from  his  Arcano  del  Mare.  The 
names  are  mostly  Italian,  but  a  few  are  in  Spanish. 
He  represents  California  as  a  peninsula.  It  does 
not  appear  whence  he  got  his  views. 

—  A.  D.  1635. 

The  Salstonstall  English  edition  of  the  Hondius- 
Mercator  atlas  has  a  map  of  America,  which  is  a 
reduction  from  the  map  in  the  1613  edition  of  the 
atlas. 

—  A.  D.  1636. 

The  Hexham  English  edition  of  the  Hondius- 
Mercator  atlas  has  two  maps  showing  the  west  coast 
of  North  America.  In  both  California  is  an  island ; 
in  one  there  is,  and  in  the  other  there  is  not,  a  break 
in  the  main  coast  line  opposite  the  head  of  the 
island. 

—  A.  D.  1637. 

A  map  in  Le  Monde  of  D'Avity,  sketched  in  H.  H. 
Bancroft's  Northwest  Coast,  i.  108. 

—  A.  D.  1640. 

The  alleged  explorations  of  Bartolome  de  Fonte 
at  this  time  gave  rise,  after  the  publication  of  the  story 
in  1708,  to  various  conjectural  maps  of  the  west  coast 
of  North  America,  prominent  among  which  are  the 
renderings  of  Delisle  and  Buache,  1752-53,  and  the 
map  of  Jefferys. 

The  indications  of  this  venturesome  cartography 
are  noted  in  H.  H.  Bancroft's  Northwest  Coast,  vol. 
i.,  and  in  the  A\ir.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  ii.  p. 
462,  463.  See  post,  under  A.  D.  1752-53. 


54 


THE   KOHL   COLLECTION    OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


—  A.  D.  1646. 

Dudley's  Arcano  del  Mare.  See  ante,  nos.  285, 
286. 

The  two  maps  of  Petrus  Kcerius  (1646)  in  Speed's 
Prospect  of  the  most  Famous  Parts  of  the  World  (Lon- 
don, 1668),  show  the  geographical  confusion  of  the 
time  In  one  California  is  an  island,  with  a  fixed 
coast  above,  to  the  straits  of  Anian ;  in  the  other, 
California  is  a  peninsula,  and  there  are  alternative 
coasts  north  of  it,  in  half-shading. 

—  A.  D.  1651. 

A  map  in  Jansson's  Atlas  Minor  makes  California 
a  peninsula,  indicates  north  of  it  a  doubtful  passage 
to  the  north  sea,  and  further  west  delineates  the 
"  Fretum  Anian." 

A  map  in  Speed's  Prospect  (edition  of  1676)  makes 
Cape  Mendocino  the  northern  point  of  California 
island,  with  a  break  in  the  coast  of  the  main  land 
opposite,  while  another  Cape  Mendocino  is  drawn 
still  further  north. 

A  map  of  Virginia  by  Virginia  Farrer  (facsimile 
in  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  iii.  465)  makes  the 
coast  of  New  Albion  (Drake's)  lie  at  the  base  of  the 
western  slope  of  the  Alleghanies,  narrowing  the  con- 
tinent to  a  few  days'  journey. 

—  A.  D.  1652. 

Maps  of  the  same  cartographer,  called  in  one  N. 
I.  Visscher  and  in  the  other  N.  I.  Piscator,  make 
California  a  peninsula,  and  indicate  the  straits  of 
Anian. 

—  A.  D.  1655. 

Wright  in  his  Certain  Errors  in  Navigation  has 
an  insular  California. 

287.  A.  D.  1656.    Sanson's  California. 

California  is  shown  as  an  island,  a  view,  as  Kohl 
thinks,  introduced  by  Purchas  (ante,  under  A.  D. 
1625  ;  but  see  under  A.  D.  1622)  in  the  map  which  he 
gives  as  found  among  some  Spanish  charts  captured 
by  the  Hollanders.  The  country  inland  is  called 
"  Nueva  Mexico  "  in  the  north,  and  "  Nueva  Gra- 
nada "  in  the  south.  The  "  Rio  del  Norte,"  on  which 
Santa  Fe  is  placed,  runs  into  the  gulf  of  California ; 
and  this  river  continued  to  have  this  course  given  to 
it  till  Coronelli,  as  Kohl  says,  directed  it  to  the  gulf 
of  Mexico.  The  map  is  reproduced  in  the  supple- 
ment of  the  French  Encydopedie  for  1777. 

Sanson  repeated  his  draft  in  1657,  making  the 
main  coast  end  with  "  Aguhela  de  Cato ;  "  and  in 
his  L'Amerique  (1657-83)  he  puts  a  "  Terre  de 
Jesso  "  northwest  of  the  insular  California. 

—  A.  D.  1659. 

The  map  in  the  Hist,  of  the  World  by  Petavius 
(Petau)  gives  an  insular  California  and  the  usual 
break  in  the  main  coast  opposite  its  northern  ex- 
tremity. 

—  A.  D.  1661. 

In  Van  Loon's  sea-atlas  the  map  "  Nova  Granada 
en  1'Eylandt  California  "  gives  a  strait  of  Anian  a 
little  higher  up  than  the  island,  and  puts  a  "  Terra 
incognita  "  beyond  it. 

—  A.  D.  1663. 

The  map  "  Americas  nova  descriptio  "  in  Heylin's 
Cosmografhie  (1669,  1674,  1677)  carries  above  a  point 


opposite  the  head  of  the  island  of  Calfornia  a  dotted 
line,  which,  farther  above,  branches  in  three  con- 
jectural directions. 

—  A.  D.  1670-71. 

Blome  follows  Sanson.  In  Montanus  and  Ogilby, 
California  is  an  island  (ante,  section  vi.,  A.  D.  1670- 
73).  Ogilby's  map  is  sketched  in  H.  H.  Bancroft's 
Northwest  Coast,  i.  no. 

—  A.  D.  1683-1704. 

Hennepin  sometimes  makes  California  an  island, 
sometimes  a  peninsula.  Blaeu  about  this  time  had 
the  same  hesitancy. 

288.  A.  D.  1 68-?    New  Mexico  by  Coronelli. 

An  imperfect  draft,  without  Kohl's  annotations. 
It  represents  California  as  an  island.  The  "  Rio  del 
Norte  "  becomes  the  "  Rio  Bravo,"  and  flows  to  the 
Mexican  gulf. 

Coronelli's  globe  of  1683  makes  California  an 
island. 

—  A.  D.  1684. 

Franquelin's  great  map  shows  only  a  part  of  Cali- 
fornia, but  he  marks  it  as  an  island.  (Ante,  section 
iii.,  A.  D.  1681-84.) 

—  A.  D.  1694. 

Jaillot  has  California  an  island,  with  "  Terra  de 
Jesso  "  northwest  of  it.  (Post,  no.  328.) 

—  A.  D.  1695. 

A  map  of  Guillaume  Delisle  represents  a  "  Mer  de 
1'Ouest  "  lying  on  the  parallel  from  Cape  Mendo- 
cino to  Lake  Superior,  but  he  gives  it  no  defined 
connection  with  the  Pacific,  while  the  straits  of 
Anian  are  delineated  with  coast  lines  extended  but 
a  short  distance  on  either  side.  This  map  was  pub- 
lished by  the  younger  Delisle  in  1752. 

About  the  close  of  the  century  Covens  and  Mor- 
tier  of  Amsterdam  published  what  are  known  as  the 
Carolus  Allard  atlases.  One  of  these  represents 
California  as  an  island,  and  a  "  Terra  Esonis  "  north 
of  it,  with  a  strait  at  either  extremity,  — that  on  the 
west  separating  it  from  "  Yedso,"  apparently  a  part 
of  the  Asiatic  coast. 

—  A.  D.  1698. 

Edward  Wells  in  his  New  Sett  of  Maps  gives  the 
island  of  California  with  a  "  supposed  straits  of 
Anian  "  just  north  of  its  upper  end,  but  he  omits  all 
coast  lines  above  it. 

—  A.  D.  1700. 

Delisle  makes  California  a  problematical  penin- 
sula. 

289.  A.  D.  1701.    Gulf  of  California  by  Father 

Kino. 

Shows  the  results  of  the  explorations  of  Father 
Kiihn,  —  a  German,  whose  name  was  changed  by 
the  Mexicans  to  Kino,  as  Kohl  says,  —  instigated 
by  the  Jesuit  Salvatierra.  The  map  shows  the  con- 
victions of  Kino,  that  California  was  a  peninsula, 
rather  than  a  demonstration  from  his  own  explora- 
tions. __  He  published  his  map  originally  in  the  Let- 
tres  Edifiantes,  vol.  v.  (1705),  and  it  is  called 
"  Passage  par  terre  a  la  Californie.  Decouvert 


THE   KOHL   COLLECTION   OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


55 


par  le  Rev.  Pere  E.  F.  Kino,  Jesuite,  depuis  1698 
jusqu'a  1701." 

See  Father  Kino's  explorations  indicated  in  the 
map  of  Alzate.  (Ante,  no.  270.) 

Kino's  map  was  re-engraved  by  Buache  in  Paris 
(1754),  by  Sayer  in  a  map  of  North  America  pub- 
lished in  London,  in  the  supplement  of  the  French 
Encylopedie  (1777),  by  Marcou  in  Report  of  the  Chief 
of  Engineers,  U.  S.  A.  (1878),  and  in  H.  H.  Ban- 
croft's North  Mexican  States,  i.  499.  Cf.  Nar.  and 
Crit.  Hist.  America,  ii.  p.  467. 

—  A.  D.  1705. 

The  map  in  Harris's  Collection  of  Voyages,  repro- 
duced in  H.  H.  Bancroft's  Northwest  Coast,  i.  114. 
California  is  an  island. 

—  A.  D.  1707. 

Vander  Aa's  map  is  sketched  in  H.  H.  Bancroft's 
Northwest  Coast,  i.  115. 

—  A.  D.  1712. 

A  Spanish  map  of  the  Pacific  coast  of  Mexico  is 
described,  ante,  no.  269. 

—  A.  D.  1715-1717. 

Delisle  varied  in  his  drafts  of  California,  being 
undecided  on  the  evidence  ;  and  in  the  latter  year, 
while  he  made  it  a  peninsula,  he  cut  the  coast  line 
north  of  it  by  a  great  gulf,  "  Mer  de  1'Ouest,"  ex- 
tending inland  indefinitely. 

—  A.  D.  1719. 

Homann  of  Nuremberg  made  an  insular  Cali- 
fornia, with  an  entrance  to  a  supposed  gulf  oppo- 
site with  an  island  in  the  middle  of  the  passage. 

—  A.  D.  1720. 

The  Atlas  geographicus  of  Seutter,  Augsburg,  re- 
tains the  Californian  island,  separated  by  a  pas- 
sage, "  Fretum  Anian  hie  esse  creditur,"  from 
"  Terra  Essonis." 

—  A.  D.  1726. 

The  map  in  Shelvocke's  Voyages  professed  to  rep- 
resent current  opinion  in  making  California  an 
island.  Similar  maps  about  this  time  were  issued 
by  Vander  Aa  of  Amsterdam. 

—  A.  D.  1727. 

Herman  Moll,  the  Englisn  geographer,  gives  the 
island  and  the  straits  north  of  it,  with  no  coast  line 
beyond. 

—  A.  D.  1728. 

The  map  in  Herrera,  making  California  a  penin- 
sula, carries  the  coast  up  to  Cape  Mendocino. 

290.  A.  D.  1740.    The  California  Coast. 

A  map  of  the  North  Pacific  was  found  by  Anson 
in  1742,  on  board  a  Spanish  ship  captured  by  him  on 
the  China  coast.  It  was  engraved  on  a  reduced 
scale  in  Anson's  Voyage  Round  the  World,  London, 
1748.  It  was  next  embodied  by  Jefferys  in  his  map 
of  the  North  Pacific,  and  of  this  the  present  map  is 
a  copy.  Jefferys,  however,  made  some  additions  to 
the  original  Spanish  map.  He  says  of  this  proto- 


type, that  it  is  scarcely  reconcilable  with  other  charts 
and  journals,  as  to  the  names  and  situations  of 
places.  The  English  cartographer  also  pricks  out 
the  tracks  across  the  Pacific  of  Gaetan  (1542),  Men- 
dana  (1568),  Francisco  de  Gualle  (1583),  Cavendish, 
Spilbergen  (1616),  Fronolat  (1709),  and  of  the  track 
each  way  of  the  "  Nuestra  Senora  de  Cabodonga  " 
(1743),  the  ship  captured  by  Anson.  Jefferys  calls 
the  northern  parts  of  the  coast  the  Chinese  "  Fou- 
sang,"  while  Kohl  believes  that  debatable  region  to 
have  been  Japan. 

—  A.  D.  1741. 

Oldmixon's  British  Empire  in  America  still  gave 
an  insular  California,  with  a  dotted  coast  line  above, 
broken  by  the  straits  of  Anian,  —  as  drafted  by 
Moll. 

H.  H.  Bancroft's  Northwest  Coast,  i.  124,  gives  a 
Russian  chart. 

291.  A.  D.  1743.    California. 

The  map  mentioned  under  no.  290,  as  engraved 
in  Anson's  Voyages. 

—  A.  D.  1743. 

Bellin's  map  in  Charlevoix  makes  California  a 
peninsula,  with  a  break  in  the  coast  farther  north 
marked  "  Aguilar."  He  supposes  an  interior  net- 
work of  waters  connecting  Hudson's  Bay  and  Lake 
Superior  with  the  Pacific,  at  some  point  still  farther 
north.  Cf.  the  map  in  Bonnechose's  Montcalm  et  le 
Canada  f ran  i^ais,  Paris,  1882. 

—  A.  D.  1744. 

Map  in  Arthur  Dobb's  Account  of  Countries  Ad- 
joining Hudson's  Bay.  The  Pacific  coast  above  Cape 
Blanco  is  marked  as  unknown,  but  a  passage  called 
Rankin's  Inlet  is  supposed  to  connect  with  Hudson's 
Bay.  There  is  a  sketch  in  H.  H.  Bancroft's  North- 
west Coast,  i.  123. 

292.  A.  D.  1746.     The  Gulf  of  California  by 

Consag. 

The  Jesuit  father,  Fernando  Consag,  explored  the 
eastern  coast  of  the  California  peninsula,  and  mak- 
ing the  circuit  of  the  north  end  of  the  gulf,  reached 
the  Colorado  river,  and  proved  for  the  first  time  by 
actual  observation  that  California  was  a  peninsula. 
The  present  is  Consag's  map  of  the  gulf,  made  after 
his  explorations.  It  is  sketched  in  H.  H.  Bancroft's 
North  Mexican  States,  i.  463,  and  his  Northwest 
Coast,  \.  125,  126. 

—  A.  D.  1746. 

A  map  published  by  the  successors  of  Homann 
retains  the  peninsular  California  with  the  entrance 
above,  marked  "Aguilar." 

Another  German  map  published  by  Covens  and 
Mortier,  Introduction  a  la  Geographic,  gives  an  insu- 
lar California,  with  a  "  Detroit  d'Anian,"  supposed 
to  connect,  through  a  "  Mer  glaciale,"  with  Button's 
Bay,  a  part  of  Hudson's  Bay. 

—  A.  D.  1747. 

The  maps  in  Bowen's  Geography  give  a  peninsular 
California  with  indications  of  a  strait  above  Cape 
Mendocino,  but  the  parts  above  are  marked  "  un- 
discovered." 


THE   KOHL   COLLECTION    OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


—  A.  D.  1748. 

Bellin  connected  Lake  Superior  with  the  Pacific 
by  a  chain  of  waters. 

—  A.  D.  1750. 

Robert  de  Vaugondy  in  his  Amerique  Septentri- 
onale  makes  California  a  peninsula,  and  marks  a 
passage  above  as  discovered  by  Martin  d'Aguilar. 

—  A.  D.  1752-53. 

Delisle  and  Buache  were  making  maps  of  the 
coast  above  the  peninsula  of  California,  cut  up  fan- 
tastically with  passages  of  one  kind  and  another, 
connecting  the  Pacific  with  the  Great  Lakes  and 
Hudson's  Bay,  in  vain  attempts  to  reconcile  with 
positive  knowledge  the  accounts  of  Maldonado,  De 
Fuca  and  De  Fonte.  Delisle's  map  is  reproduced 
in  H.  H.  Bancroft's  Northwest  Coast,  i.  128. 

The  "  Mer  de  1'ouest,"  supposed  to  be  an  interior 
sea,  reached  by  passages  from  the  Pacific,  figures 
largely  in  these  maps,  and  the  imaginary  draft  of  it 
by  Buache  is  reproduced  in  J.  B.  Laborde's  Mer  du 
Sud,  Paris,  1791,  and  in  the  supplement  of  the 
French  Encyclopedic,  1777.  Cf.  Dobb's  Northwest 
Passage  (1754).  Other  cartographical  solutions  of 
this  problem  will  be  found  in  Samuel  Engel's  Me- 
moires  sur  la  situation  des  pays  septentrionaux  ( Lau- 
sanne, 1765);  in  his  Extraits  raisonnes  des  Voyages 
fails  dans  les  parties  septentrionales  de  I'Asie  et  de 
r  Amerique  (Lausanne,  1765,  1779) ;  and  in  William 
Doyle's  Account  of  the  British  Dominions  beyond  the 
Atlantic  (London,  1770). 

See  post,  nos.  334,  339. 

293.  A.  D.  1753.    The  Northwest  Coast,  by  T. 

Jefferys. 

From  Cape  St.  Lucas  to  60°  n.  lat.  An  incom- 
plete sketch.  Shows  New  Albion  and  the  dis- 
coveries of  Drake.  A  supposed  large  island  to  the 
west  in  mid  ocean  is  marked  as  seen  or  suspected  to 
exist  by  Behring  in  1728,  and  Tschirikow  in  1741. 
He  gives  a  river  supposed  to  connect  the  Pacific 
with  lake  Winnipeg. 

294.  A.  D.  1758.     Alaska. 

Map  of  discoveries  made  by  Russian  vessels,  which 
was  published  by  the  Academy  at  St.  Petersburg  in 
1759,  showing  the  voyage  of  Behring  and  Tschiri- 
kow. The  Aleutian  islands  are  shown  as  combined 
to  form  a  supposable  broad  peninsula.  The  "  Rivi- 
iere  de  los  Reyes  de  1'Admiral  de  Fonte"  (1640)  is 
marked  "  pretenda; "  and  the  inlet  held  to  be  found 
by  De  Fuca  in  1592  is  indicated,  but  not  continued 
inland.  The  entrance  found  by  d'Aguilar  in  1603  is 
made  by  dotted  lines  to  connect  with  the  "  R.  de 
1'Ouest." 

—  A.  D.  1760. 

An  entrance  to  an  interior  passage  in  the  north- 
west is  given  in  L' Amerique  par  les  Srs.  Sanson, 
rectifiee  par  le  Sr.  Robert.  It  is  given  in  Vander  Aa's 
Galerie  agr cable  du  Monde,  vol.  i. 

—  A.  D.  1761. 

II.  II.  Bancroft's  Northwest  Coast,  i.  130,  gives  a 
Japanese  map. 

—  A.  D.  1762. 

Jefferys  in  delineating  the  northwest  coast  puts  an 
entrance  supposed  to  have  been  found  in  1592  by 
Juan  de  Fuca  to  the  south  of  "  Fousang." 


Janvier  in  the  Atlas  Moderne  indulges  in  all  the 
freaks  that  Delisle  and  Buache  had  made  in  dealing 
with  the  alleged  voyages  of  De  Fonte  and  the  others. 

—  A.  D.  1763. 

The  "  Mer  de  1'Ouest "  and  other  uncertainties  are 
found  in  the  Carte  d'  Amerique  pour  I 'usage  du  Roi  en 
1722  par  Guil.  Delisle,  augmentee  par  Phil.  Buache, 
Paris,  1763. 

—  A.  D.  1767. 

Map  by  Alzate  (ante,  no.  270).  A  Jesuit  map  of 
the  peninsula  of  California  in  the  supplement  of  the 
French  Encyclopedic,  1777. 

—  A.  D.  1768. 

Jefferys'  map  of  the  De  Fonte  narrative,  given 
also  in  the  supplement  of  the  French  Encydoptdie 
(1777),  and  in  H.  H.  Bancroft's  Northwest  Coast, 
i.  131. 

—  A.  D.  1772. 

Vaugondy's  Carte  de  la  Californie,  reproduced  in 
the  supplement  of  the  French  Encyclopedie  (1777). 

—  A.  D. 1774-1790. 

Copies  of  maps  in  the  Hydrographic  Office,  Ma- 
drid, now  in  the  Department  of  State,  Washington, 
marked  Viages  de  los  Espaholes  a  la  costa  norveste  de 
la  America  en  los  anos  de  1774-1775-1779,  1788  y 
1790. 

295.  A.  D.  1775.    Upper  California  by  Maurelli. 

The  chart  of  Antonio  Morelli,  who  accompanied 
an  expedition  sent  out  in  1775  by  the  Viceroy  of 
Mexico.  Bodega,  who  commanded  one  of  the  ves- 
sels, discovered  a  harbor  just  north  of  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  named  it  after  himself.  Kohl  copies  in 
this  a  transcript  of  a  chart  preserved  in  the  Spanish 
Archives,  which  transcript,  attested  by  Navarrete,  is 
in  the  Department  of  State  at  Washington.  It  pur- 
ports to  be  drawn  from  observations  made  by  Bo- 
dega, commander  of  the  "  Sonora,"  and  by  Maurelli. 
There  are  no  indications  of  De  Fuca's  straits  on  it. 

—  A.  D.  1775. 

A  map  by  Jefferys  delineates  the  coast  from  New 
Albion  to  Mount  St.  Elias,  indicating  several  open- 
ings, but  not  carrying  them  inland. 

—  A.  D.  1776. 

A  map  by  Jefferys  p^es  a  protuberant  coast  line 
at  the  northwest,  named  "America,"  the  northern 
part  of  which  he  marks  "according  to  the  Japan- 
ese," while  south  of  that  he  designates  it  as  land 
"  seen  by  Spangenberg,  1728."  "  Alashka  "  is  made 
an  island  lying  west  of  it,  with  Behring's  straits  sep- 
arating it  from  Asia. 

See  post,  no.  336. 

296.  A.  D.  1777.    San  Francisco  and  Monterey 

by  Junipero  Serra. 

After  a  map  in  the  British  Museum  inscribed  : 
"  Piano  mappa  del  viage  hecho  dcsde  Monterey  al 
gran  puerto  de  S.  Francisco  ...  P.  F.  Petrus  Font 
fecit,  anno  1777."  Supposed,  in  the  pricked  track 
upon  the  drawing,  to  represent  the  journey  of  Don 
Jose  Moraza,  about  the  bay  of  San  Francisco,  and  to 
record  his  surveys.  Kohl  supposes  the  imperfect 


THE   KOHL   COLLECTION   OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


delineation  of  the  Monterey  waters  to  follow  earlier 
surveys. 

—  A.  D.  1778. 

The  map  in  Carver's  Travels  thrortgh  the  Interior 
Parts  of  North  America  in  1766-1768,  London,  1778. 
It  shows  the  New  Albion  coast,  with  vague  indica- 
tions of  the  straits  of  Anian  and  the  Western  sea. 
It  is  sketched  in  H.  H.  Bancroft's  Northwest  Coast, 

i-  !33- 

Captain  James  Cook's  map  of  his  explorations  on 
the  northwest  coast,  published  in  his  Voyage  to  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  1776-1780. 

297.  A.  0.1782.    Upper  California  by  Mascaro. 

The  coast  is  shown  from  Cape  Mendocino  to  San 
Diego.  From  a  MS.  Spanish  map  in  the  British 
Museum.  The  tracks  of  the  expedition  by  land  of 
Juan  Baptista  de  Ansa  and  others  are  noted  by 
pricked  lines. 

298,  299.  A.  D.  1782.    New  Mexico  by  Mas- 

caro. 

A  tracing  from  the  original  in  the  British  Museum, 
and  an  imperfect  draft  of  the  same,  without  annota- 
tions by  Kohl. 

300.  A.  D.  1782.    Port  of  San  Diego. 

Published  in  1802,  in  the  accounts  of  the  voyage 
of  the  "  Sutil  y  Mexicana." 

—  A.  D.  1782. 

Janvier's  map  preserves  the  great  Sea  of  the  West, 
with  two  entrances,  —  one  passed  by  Aguilar,  the 
other  by  De  Fuca.  It  is  sketched  in  H.  H.  Ban- 
croft's Northwest  Coast,  i.  135. 

—  A.  D.  1786. 

The  maps  of  La  Perouse  in  his  Voyage  autour  dit 
Monde.  H.  H.  Bancroft,  Northwest  Coast,  i.  176, 
sketches  one  of  them. 

• 

301.  A.  D.  1787.    Old  and  New  California  by 

Diego  Francisco. 

Shows  the  gulf  of  California  and  the  Pacific  coast 
north  to  San  Francisco.  Made  to  show  the  travels 
of  Junipero  Serra,  the  president  of  the  missions  of 
California.  The  bounds  between  New  and  Old 
California  are  laid  down  as  an  east  and  west  line 
from  the  coast,  just  south  of  San  Diego,  to  the  head 
of  the  gulf  of  California.  A  road  is  indicated  as 
connecting  all  the  missions. 

—  A.  D.  1787. 

The  map  in  George  Dixon's  Voyages  Round  the 
World,  1785-1788,  part  of  which  is  given  in  H.  H. 
Bancroft's  Northwest  Coast,  i.  180. 

302.  A.  D.  1791.    Port  of  Monterey. 

From  the  atlas  of  the  "  Sutil  y  Mexicana  "  voyage. 

303.  A.  D.  1791.    The  Straits  of  Juan  de  Fuca. 

Part  of  a  MS.  chart  of  Vancouver's  Island  and 
surrounding  waters,  obtained  from  Mexico,  and  pre- 
served at  Washington.  It  shows  the  Spanish  sur- 
veys of  Francisco  Elisa,  or  his  deputy,  Alferez 
Quimper.  It  is  given  in  the  Reply  of  the  United 


States  (1872)  on  the  San  Juan  boundary;  and  H.  H. 
Bancroft's  Northwest  Coast,  \.  242,  gives  part  of  it. 
Cf.  other  maps  of  Elisa,  Ibid.  i.  pp.  245,  247. 

304.  A.  D.  1791.    Friendly  Cove,  Vancouver'a 

Island. 

From  the  map  published  in  the  account  of  the 
voyage  of  the  "  Sutil  y  Mexicana."  See  post,  no.  310. 

305.  A.  D.  1791.    Queen  Charlotte's  Island  by 

Captain  Ingraham. 

From  the  MS.  report  of  Captain  Ingraham,  pre- 
served in  the  Department  of  State,  Washington,  — 
the  same  named  by  Captain  Gray  in  1790,  "  Wash- 
ington Island." 

• —  A.  D.  1791. 

Map  in  Marchand's  Voyage  autour  du  Monde,  part 
of  which  is  given  in  H.  H.  Bancroft's  Northwest 
Coast,  i.  256. 

—  A.  D.  1791. 

Georg  Forster's  Nordwestkiiste  von  America,  show- 
ing the  "  Grosser  Nordlische  Archipelagus  Lazari," 
with  "Juan  de  Fuca's  Einfahrt." 

306.  A.  D.  1792.      Quadra    and    Vancouver's 

Island  by  Ingraham. 

From  the  same  report  as  no.  305.  Cf.  H.  H.  Ban- 
croft's Northwest  Coast,  i.  278. 

307.  A.  D.  1792.    California  Coast. 

Shows  the  coast  from  17°  to  48°  n.  lat,  following 
part  of  a  Spanish  chart  in  the  archives  at  Wasning- 
ton,  which  came  from  Mexico.  See  no.  309, /w/. 

308.  A.  D.  1792.    California  Coast. 

The  map  in  the  Atlas  para  el  Viage  de  las  Goletas 
Sutil  y  Mexicana  en  1792,  published  in  1802,  under 
the  editing  of  Navarrete, — the  ships  being  com- 
manded by  Valcles  and  Galiano.  The  map  maker 
profited  by  the  surveys  of  Vancouver,  who  had  pub- 
lished his  results  meanwhile. 

309.  A.  D.  1792.    North  west  Coast. 

A  continuation  northward  of  the  chart,  no.  307. 

310.  A.  D.  1792.    Friendly   Cove  by  Captain 

Ingraham. 

From  Ingraham's  report,  already  cited. 

311.  A.  D.  1792.    Vancouver's  Island  and  the 

Oregon  Coast. 

From  the  Atlas  of  the  ''  Sutil  y  Mexicana"  expe- 
dition. 


—  A.  D.  I792-93- 

H.  H.  Bancroft  in  his  Northwest  Coast,  vol.  i.,  gives 
the  following  maps  : 

1792.    Ilaswell's  map  of  Noqtka  (p.  262). 

1792.    Caamafio's  map  (p.  209). 

1792.    Galiano's  map  (p.  272). 

1792.  Vancouver's  maps  (pp.  276,  280). 

1793.  Vancouver's  map  (p.  292). 


THE   KOHL   COLLECTION    OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


—  A.  D.  1793. 

The  map  in  William  Goldson's  Observations  on 
the  Passage  behveen  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Oceans, 
in  two  Memoirs  on  the  Straits  of  Anian  and  Dis- 
coveries of  De  Fonte. 

—  A.  D.  1812-1813. 

Carta general  (Pacific  ocean)  for  Jose  de  Espinosa. 
Londres  ano  1812  ;  Corregida  en  1813. 

312.  A.  D.  1854. 

An  engraved  Karte  des  Russischen  Amerika  ge- 
zeichttet  von  H.  J.  Holmberg,  1854,  which  appeared  in 
the  Ethnographische  Skizzen  iiber  die  Vb'lker  des  Rus- 
sischen America  von  H.  J.  Holmberg,  Helsingfors, 


X. 


THE   NORTHERN    PACIFIC    OCEAN 
AND   ITS   COASTS. 

**#  See  section  ix. 

313.  A.  D.  1457.    China  and  Japan. 

From  a  Chinese  treatise,  Yik-tung-chet  in  the 
British  Museum.  Shows  eastern  coast  of  China 
and  the  islands  of  Japan  and  Lew-Chew.  Korea 
is  in  the  north. 

314.  A.  D.  1490.    Eastern  India,  from  the  Ptol- 

emy of  1490. 

The  furthest  point  to  the  west  is  the  gulf  of 
Ganges.  The  Pacific  coast  is  cut  off  by  the  right- 
hand  edge  of  the  map,  and  this  is,  in  Kohl's  opinion, 
the  shore  Columbus  believed  that  he  was  skirting  in 
sailing  along  the  gulf-side  of  Central  America.  The 
name  Cattigara,  here  on  the  land  at  the  right-hand 
edge  of  the  map,  Kohl  says  he  finds  in  early  maps 
on  the  west  coast  of  South  America.  See  Winsor's 
Bibliog.  of  Ptolemy. 

315.  A.  0.1513.    Pacific  Ocean. 

A  Portuguese  map.  The  west  coast  of  America 
is  unindented,  and  runs  nearly  northwest  from  4° 
south  latitude.  The  Moluccas  and  the  southeast  pe- 
ninsula of  Asia  are  shown.  Follows  a  chart  pre- 
served in  the  Military  Museum  at  Munich.  Kohl 
supposes  it  to  embody  the  explorations  of  Antonio 
da  Miranda  de  Azevedo  in  1513,  who  joined  at  the 
Moluccas  an  earlier  expedition  (1511-1512)  by  Fran- 
cisco Serraoto  those  islands.  This  map  is  sketched 
in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  ii.  p.  440.  See 
section  ix.,  under  A.  D.  1513. 

316.  A.  D.  1518.  (?)     Pacific  Ocean. 

On  the  extreme  west  are  the  "  Ilhas  de  Maluqna," 
on  the  extreme  east  the  coast  discovered  by  Balboa 
in  1513,  and  beyond  the  coast  of  Yucatan,  Honduras, 
Cuba,  Florida,  etc.  In  mid-ocean  there  is  nothing. 
The  original  is  a  Portuguese  chart  in  the  Military 
Museum  at  Munich.  Kohl  supposes  it  to  have  been 
made  about  the  time  Magellan's  fleet  was  fitting  out, 
and  that  it  probably  represents  that  explorer's  views 
of  the  ocean  which  he  was  going  to  seek.  The  gulf 
of  Mexico  is  left  open  towards  the  Pacific.  The 
Pacific  is  made  about  100°  broad.  Sketched  in  the 
ATar,  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  ii.  217. 


317.  A.  D.  1536.     The  Moluccas  by  Baptista 

Agnese. 

From  the  atlas  of  Agnese  in  the  British  Museum. 
Kohl  suspects  that  Agnese  used  the  maps  brought 
back  by  Del  Cano  from  Magellan's  expedition,  be- 
cause there  are  traces  of  Spanish  in  the  names,  and 
none  of  Portuguese.  The  names  in  Pigafetla's  nar-' 
rative  of  Magellan's  voyage  are  found  here  ;  and  the 
islands  are  placed  in  relation  to  each  other  as  to  di- 
rection and  distance  as  in  that  report.  The  Moluc- 
cas seem  to  be  curiously  duplicated,  the  one  draft 
of  them  being  15°  east  of  the  other. 

318.  A.  D.  1 536.    Eastern  Asia  by  Agnese. 

From  the  same  Atlas  as  no.  317.  It  shows  the 
two  great  southern  peninsulas  of  Asia,  and  the  coast 
of  China. 

319.  A.  D.  1542.    Eastern  Asia  by  Rotz. 

"The  Indies  of  Orient,"  from  Rotz's  Bake  of 
Idrography  in  the  British  Museum.  It  shows  the 
two  great  Asiatic  peninsulas,  the  islands  of  Java, 
etc.,  and  what  seem  to  be  the  northern  parts  of  Aus- 
tralia; and  this,  in  Kohl's  opinion,  is  the  earliest 
instance  of  the  recognition  of  that  region  on  a  map. 
(Ante,  no.  55.) 

320.  "A.  D.  1543.    Asia. 

Shows  the  whole  of  Asia.  From  the  Polyhistoria 
of  Solinus.  The  southeastern  part  becomes  a  conti- 
nental peninsula,  as  in  the  ancient  maps.  The 
editor  of  Solinus,  Tsingrinus,  did  not  recognize  the 
fact,  as  Kohl  thinks,  that  the  Portuguese  had  already 
on  their  maps  broken  up  this  extension  into  the 
East  Indian  Archipelago.  In  the  northeast  corner 
of  the  map  is  a  coast,  "  Terra  incognita,"  which 
seems  to  be  a  recognition  of  the  west  coast  of 
America. 

321.  A.  D.  1550.    Japan  and  the  China  Coast 

by  Freire. 

From  a  portolano  by  Juan  Freire,  inspected  'by 
Kohl  while  in  the  hands  of  Santarem.  In  his  notes, 
Kohl  says  that  some  of  the  maps  in  it  are  dated 
1546,  though  this  one  is  undated;  but  he  believes  it 
to  have  been  made  about  1550.  It  was  in  1543  or 
1 54  5  that  the  Portuguese  under  Ferdinand  Mendez 
Pinto  reached  Japan ;  but  their  commercial  inter- 
course began  in  1549,  when  their  missionary  Xavier 
reached  the  island.  This  was  a  type  of  the  contour 
of  the  Japanese  coast  common  in  European  maps 
before  the  Dutch  reformed  the  shape  of  it  about 
100  years  later. 

322.  A.  D.  1 558.     China  and  the  Moluccas  by 

Diego  Hornem. 

From  Homem's  MS.  atlas  in  the  British  Museum. 
As  a  Portuguese,  Homem's  knowledge  of  the  China 
coast  was  superior  to  that  of  any  other  existing 
record,  and  better  than  that  employed  by  Ortelius 
and  Mercator  much  later. 

323.  A.  D.  1568.    The  East  India  Islands  by 

Martines. 

The  chief  name  on  the  map  is  "  Isoli  Maluchi." 
He  gives  the  upper  coast  of  an  Antarctic  continent 
marked  "  discoperta  novamente."  The  map  is  less 
accurate  than  Homem's.  (See  ante,  no.  322.) 


THE    KOHL   COLLECTION    OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


59 


324.  A.  D.  1 570.     Straits  of  Anian  and  Neigh- 

boring Lands  by  Ortelius. 

From  the  Theatrum  orlns  terramm,  Antwerp,  1570. 
Kohl  says  that  for  all  north  of  40°  (Japan)  Ortelius 
had  no  authority  but  Pliny,  Ptolemy,  Marco  Polo, 
and  the  geographical  traditions  of  his  time.  An 
"  Oceanus  Scythicus "  is  given  above  58°  N.  lat., 
bounded  westerly  by  a  northern  peninsula  of  Asia. 
America  lies  wholly  south  of  the  same  ocean.  The 
peninsula  of  California  is  drawn,  but  represented 
very  broad;  the  gulf  is  called  "Mar  Vermeio." 
Japan  is  longest  east  and  west,  and  lies  midway 
between  Asia  and  America.  The  sea  contracts 
above  Japan,  in  48°  N.  lat.,  forming  the  straits  of 
Anian  ("  Stretto  cli  Anian").  He  gets  "Quinci," 
"Mangi,"  "Mare  Cin,"  from  Marco  Polo.  The 
map  is  called  "Tartarian  sive  Magni  Chami  regni 
typus." 

The  straits  of  Anian  seem  to  be  earliest  indicated 
on  the  Marlines  map  (ante,  in  section  ix.,  under 
A.  D.  1558).  Various  later  maps  in  that  section 
show  the  changing  notions  respecting  the  straits  of 
Anian. 

325.  A.  D.  1574.    Anian  and  Quivira  by  Forlani. 

A  small,  incomplete  sketch  of  Forlani's  map  (with- 
out comment  by  Kohl),  showing  the  straits  of  Anian 
separating  "Anian  Regnum"  from  "  Quivir,"  with 
"  Isle  di  Giapan,"  stretching  east  and  west  between 
the  Asiatic  and  American  coasts.  It  is  sketched  in 
the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  ii.  p.  454. 

—  A.  D.  1583-1600. 

The  Japanese  map  in  the  Sloane  collection,  British 
Museum. 

326.  A.  D.  1592.    Northeastern  Asia  and  Japan 

from  Molineaux's  Globe. 

Extract  from  the  globe  in  the  Middle  Temple, 
London.  The  contour  of  Japan  follows  Portuguese 
sources. 


—  A.  D.  1597. 

No.  28  of  the  Arnheim  edition  of  Ptolemy,  show- 
ing the  straits  of  Anian.  (See  ante,  section  ix., 
under  A.  D.  1597) ;  no.  32,  showing  the  North  Pacific. 
(See  Ibid.) 

327.  A.  D.  1609.     China  and  Japan. 

From  a  MS.  sketch  on  vellum  in  the  British 
Museum,  purporting  to  have  been  sent  from  Madrid 
in  1609. 

328.  A.  D.  1636.     Japan. 

Called  "  Perfecte  Karte  van  de  gelegentheijdt  des 
Lanclts  van  lapan."  It  is  taken  from  a  book  pub- 
lished in  1636  (three  years  before  the  Portuguese 
were  expelled  from  Japan  by  the  Dutch),  entitled 
Rcchte  Beschryvinge  van  hct  mactigk  Koninghrijk  ran 
Japan  (Lucas  and  Caron).  The  island  is  repre- 
sented as  connected  by  a  neck  with  the  continental 
"  Landt  van  Jesso." 

The  explorations  of  the  Dutch  gave  rise  to  the 
belief  in  a  large  island  lying  in  the  north  Pacific, 
between  America  and  Asia,  called  the  island  of 
"  Jesso,"  with  the  supposed  straits  of  Anian  on  the 
east,  and  the  "  Detroit  de  Vrics  "  on  the  west.  It 
clung  for  some  time  to  the  maps.  Cf.  A\ir.  and 
Crit.  Hist.  America,  ii.  pp.  463,  464,  where  is  a  fac- 


simile of  the  map  of  Hennepin,  as  repeated  by  Cam- 
panius.  There  are  other  indications  of  it  in  maps 
noted  in  section  ix.,  after  this  date.  (See  post,  no. 
33°-) 

329.  A.  D.  1700.     Northeastern  Asia  by 
Ysbrand  Ydres. 

Made  from  explorations  of  this  agent  of  the  Rus- 
sian government,  and  published  as  "  Nova  Tabula 
Imperil  Russici."  "  Kamzatza  "  is  a  small  river  of 
the  region,  which  ought  to  show  the  peninsula  of 
Kamtschatka,  but  instead  shows  a  rectangular  cape, 
with  the  Pacific  shore  running  north  and  south,  and 
the  Arctic  shore  east  and  west. 

330.  A.  D.  1706.  Terra  de  Yesso  by  Lugtenberg. 

A  curious  configuration  of  North  America  is 
bounded  on  the  north  by  Hudson's  bay,  connecting 
by  the  straits  of  Anian  with  the  Pacific.  North  of 
these  straits,  and  west  of  Hudson's  bay  and  Baffin's 
bay,  is  an  elongated  (east  and  west)  "Terra  de 
Yesso,"  separated  at  the  west  end  by  the  "  Straet  de 
Vries  "  from  Yedso,  a  part  of  Asia,  of  which  Japan 
is  a  southern  peninsula.  He  supposes  "  Yesso  "  to 
be  the  country  of  the  Lost  Tribes,  and  the  route  by 
which  America  was  peopled  from  Asia.  A  chain  of 
smaller  lakes  connects  the  Great  Lakes  of  Canada 
with  the  Pacific.  (See  ante,  no.  328.) 

331.  A.  D.  172- (?)     Kamtschatca  by  Homann. 

Published  by  J.  B.  Homann  in  Nuremberg.  Evi- 
dently made  before  Bearing's  expedition  in  1728.  It 
purports  to  be  based  on  the  reports  of  Russian 
caracks  and  sable  hunters.  The  peninsula  is  ex- 
tended too  far  south,  and  Homann  seems  to  con- 
found it  with  Jesso.  The  northern  end  of  Niphon 
or  Japan  is  shown.  The  mouth  of  the  Amur 
(Amoor)  is  shown. 

332.  A.  0.1721.    Northern  and  Eastern  Asia 

by  Laiige. 

Without  annotation. 

333.  A.  D.  1728.      North   Eastern  Asia  by 
Behring. 

Without  annotation. 

334.  A.  D.  1750.    Northern  Pacific  by  Delisle 

and  Buache. 

"Carte  des  nouvelles  decouvertes  au  nord  de  la 
mer  du  Sud,  drcssee  sur  les  memoires  de  M.  de 
L'Isle  par  Philippe  Buache,  et  presente  a  1'acade- 
mie  des  Sciences  par  M.  De  L'Isle,  1750."  Delisle 
worked  up  his  memoir  in  St.  Petersburg,  with  the 
aid  of  Russian  reports  and  surveys.  The  tracks  of 
Behring,  Spanberg,  and  others  are  laid  down.  Bu- 
ache has  tried  on  the  American  side  to  reconcile  the 
reports  of  De  Fonte  with  the  later  Russian  dis- 
coveries, and  gives  a  large  inland  "  Mer  de  1'Ouest," 
the  archipelago  of  St.  Lazare  and  connecting  inland 
waters,  and  the  "lac  de  Velasco."  He  also  puts 
down  the  supposed  land  seen  by  De  Gama  in  mid- 
ocean,  as  also  seen  by  Tschirikow  and  Delisle  in  1741. 

See  section  ix.,  under  A.  D.  1752-53. 

335.  A.  D.  1761.    Shores  of  ttye  Northern  Ocean. 

The  map  in  Coxe's  Russian  Discm'erics,  London, 
1803,  showing  the  exploration  of  the  Russian  Shal- 
aurof  in  1761.  Cf.  map  of  the  Northern  Pacific  with 
Russian  discoveries,  in  London  Magazine,  1764. 


6o 


THE   KOHL   COLLECTION    OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


336.  A.  D.  1768.    Russian  America. 

The  results  of  the  official  Russian  expedition 
under  Lt.  Sind  in  1764-68,  as  shown  in  a  map  made 
by  a  Russian  geographer,  Von  Staehlin.  "  Alaschka  " 
is  made  a  large  island,  lying  off  the  coast  of  North 
America,  this  point  of  northwestern  America  being 
severed  on  the  map  from  the  main.  Burney  thinks 
that  in  constructing  this  map  the  chart  of  a  Russian, 
Ivan  Levow,  was  used. 

See  ante,  section  ix.,  under  A.  D.  1776. 

337.  A.  D.  1769.      Kamtchatka   and   the    Fox 
(Aleutian)   Islands  by  Krenitzin  and   Le- 
vasheff. 

From  Coxe's  Russian  Discoveries,  London,  1803. 
The  northernmost  of  these  islands  is  called  "  Alaxa 
Island,"  but  it  has  a  clotted  line  for  its  northern 
coast,  and  is  really  the  point  of  Alaska. 

338.  A.  D.  1775.    Russian  America  by  Jefferys. 

Founded  on  no.  336,  ante  ;  but  Jefferys  continues 
the  northern  coast  of  America  according  to  the 
Japan  map  given  by  Kempfer  to  Hans  Sloane. 

See  ante,  under  A.  D.  1583-1600. 

339.  A.  D.  1775.     Northern  Pacific  by  Engel, 

Vaugondy,  and  Buache. 

"  Carte  de  comparaison  des  plans  systematiques 
de  Mr.  M.  Engel  et  de  Vaugondy  sur  le  Nord-Est 
de  1'Asie  et  le  Nord-Ouest  de  1'Amerique  avec  des 
cartes  modernes.  Par  J.  N.  Buache,  1775."  Engel 's 
outlines  are  given  in  red,  Vaugondy's  in  black, 
Buache's  in  blue.  The  longitude  varies  with  them 
as  much  as  40°  in  some  places. 

See  ante,  section  ix.,  under  A.  D.  1752-53. 


XI. 


THE  NORTH    ATLANTIC   OCEAN    AND 
NEIGHBORING  WATERS. 

*#*  See  sections!.,  iv.,  v.,  and  vi. 

340.  A.  D.  1450.  The  Northern  Coast  of  Europe. 

From  a  mappemonde  found  in  the  "  Museum 
Borgianum,"  and  supposed  to  be  made  by  a  German. 
The  island  "  Anglia"  and  "  Scotia"  is  shown. 

341.  A.  D.  1534.    Scandinavia  by  Bordone. 

From  the  Isolario  de  Benedetto  Bordone,  Venice, 
1534,  the  earlier  edition  having  appeared  in  1528. 
It  shows  the  Baltic,  the  Scandinavian  peninsula 
with  "  Engronelant "  (Greenland)  lying  north  of  it, 
and  connected  by  an  isthmus  with  northwestern 
Europe.  (Ante,  nos.  48,  103.) 

342.  A.  D.  1540.     North-western   Europe,   from 

the  Ptolemy  published  at  Basle. 

The  north  Atlantic  is  confined  on  the  east  by 
Norway,  on  the  north  by  a  neck  called  "  Gronland, 
i.  e.  Virens  terra,"  and  6n  the  west  by  "  Terra  nova 
sive  de  Baccalaos,  (Bacalhos)," — whose  coast  is  in- 
terrupted at  the  northwest  by  a  square  or  vignette. 
"  Island,  Thyle  "  is  a  large  island  in  the  midst  of 
this  ocean.  In  the  extreme  north,  beyond  the  land, 
is  the  "  Occanus  Hypcrboreus."  An  inscription 
south  of  the  "  Gronland  "  isthmus  reads :  "  Capi- 
unter  hie  Stockfish."  (Ante,  no.  52,  A.  D.  1540.) 


343.  A.  D.  1548.    North-western  Europe. 

From  the  map  known  as  the  Dauphin,  or  Henri 
II.,  which  Kohl  used  while  in  Jomard's  possession. 
It  shows  the  Baltic,  and  a  large  vaguely  defined 
country  to  the  north  marked  "  Groolande  "  (Green- 
land), and  on  its  northern  coast  "  Vinllapie  "  (Fin- 
lapland).  Cf.  ante,  no.  156. 

344.  A.  D.I  546.     Scandinavia. 

Shows  the  Baltic,  "  Suecia,"  and  "Islamda"  (Ice- 
land). From  a  MS.  atlas  by  Juan  Freire,  in  the 
possession,  when  Kohl  took  it,  of  Santarem.  One 
branch  of  the  Baltic  is  made  to  connect  with  the 
northern  ocean.  Kohl  suggests  from  the  fact  that 
the  names  in  the  north  are  Portuguese,  or  at  least 
not  Scandinavian,  that  the  Freire  did  not  use  north- 
ern drafts.  (Ante,  no.  152.) 

345.  A.  D.  1567.  Scandinavia  by  Olaus  Magnus. 

From  an  engraved  map  in  the  history  of  Scandi- 
navia by  Olaus  Magnus,  which  represents  geographi- 
cal knowledge,  as  Kohl  thinks,  of  a  much  earlier 
date.  A  peninsula  in  the  northwest  part  of  the 
map,  extending  to  82°  n.  lat.,  is  marked  "  Grunt- 
londia,"  and  a  legend  says :  "  Hie  habitant  pigmei 
vulgo  Screlinger  dicti,"  recognizing  the  Scandinavian 
name  of  the  Eskimo.  (Ante,  no.  106,  A.  D.  1567.) 

346.  A.  D.  1570.  North  Atlantic  by  Stephanius. 

From  Torfasus's  Grbnlandia  Antiqua,  and  marked 
"  Sigurdus  Stephanius  delineavit,  Anno,  1570."  The 
draft  was  seemingly  based  on  records  or  traditions 
of  early  Scandinavian  voyages  to  the  west  from  Ice- 
land, which  here  is  placed  as  "  Island  "  in  the  centre 
of  the  map.  On  the  west  the  coast  of  Norway  is 
called  "  Biarmaland."  North  of  this,  a  narrow 
strait  is  shown  as  connecting  with  water  known  to 
the  Russians,  or  running  towards  their  country.  On 
the  north  is  "  Jotunheimar  "  and  "  Riseland  "  (land 
of  giants)  ;  on  the  west  a  long  cape,  "  Heriolfsness," 
seems  to  be  Greenland's  southern  point ;  at  the 
southwest  a  cape  stretches  northward  which  is 
marked  "  Promontorium  Vinlandias,"  which  Kohl 
thinks  may  have  been  Newfoundland.  Between 
this  and  Greenland  lie  (going  south)  "  Helleland," 
(stony  land),  "  Marklancl  "  (woody  land),  and 
"  Skraelingeland  "  (land  of  dwarfs). 

Kohl  gives  a  sketch  of  this  map  in  his  Discovery 
of  Maine.  (See  ante,  no.  106,  A.  D.  1570.) 

347.  A.  D.  1570.    The  North  Atlantic. 

Torfceus,  who  gives  this  map,  says  of  it :  "Jonas 
Gudmundi  films  delineavit,  vir  curiosus  Islandus." 
Kohl  thinks  it  follows  Scandinavian  traditions.  The 
north  Atlantic  is  shown  as  landlocked,  except  there 
is  a  narrow  strait  connecting  with  the  Arctic  sea, 
north  of  the  Scandinavian  peninsula,  and  a  con- 
tracted continuation  of  the  ocean  at  the  south,  be- 
tween "Gallia"  and  a  land,  the  northern  part  of 
which  is  seen,  and  called  "  America,"  "  Terra  Flor- 
ida," "  Albania,"  etc.  Above  this  is  another  chan- 
nel, running  west  from  the  enclosed  ocean.  The 
west  and  north  of  this  ocean  is  bounded  by  a  land 
marked  (going  north)  "  Wester  Bygd,"  "  Oster 
Bygd,"  "  Kroksfiorderheide,"  "  Risaland,"  and  "  Hel- 
leland." 

See  no.  351,  post. 

348.  A.  D.  1 595.    Nassau  Strait  by  Barentz. 

From  De  Bry,  third  part  of  the  Oriental  series,  or 
Minor  Voyages,  published  at  Frankfort,  1601.  Kohl 


THE    KOHL   COLLECTION    OF    EARLY    MAPS. 


6l 


assigns  the  surveys  on  which  this  map  is  constructed 
to  the  second  voyage  of  Barentz  in  1595.  The  map 
was  re-engraved  in  the  Begin  ende  Voortgange  van  de 
Oost-Indische  Compagnie,  1646,  vol.  I.,  p.  6.  The 
strait  is  that  south  of  Nova  Zembla,  separating  it 
from  the  main. 


349.  A.  D.  1595. 


Northern    Europe    by    Lin- 
schoten. 


This  is  from  the  engraved  map  in  Part  10  of  the 
same  series  of  De  Bry  (1613).  Linschoten  accom- 
panied Barentz  in  his  expedition  of  1594-  It  follows 
the  coast  from  the  eastern  shore  of  Norway  to  be- 
yond Nova  Zembla. 


350.  A.  D.  1597.    Kova  Zembla  by  De  Veer. 

From  the  map  in  the  third  part  of  the  same  series 
of  De  Bry  (1601).  Gerhard  de  Veer  was  with 
Barentz  on  his  three  northern  voyages.  A  facsimile 
of  this  map,  Caerte  van  Nova  Zembla  .  .  .  door  Gerrit 
de  Veer,  is  given  in  the  Three  Voyages  of  Willem 
Barentz,  published  by  the  Hakluyt  Society  in  1876, 
as  well  as  in  that  society's  Three  Voyages  by  the  North 
East,  published  in  1853. 


351.  A.  D.  1606.    North  Atlantic. 

From  Torfaeus's  Gronlandia  Antiqua,  1606,  where 
it  is  called:  "Delineatio  Gronlandize  Gudbrandi 
Torlacii,  Episcopi  Holensis."  It  resembles  some- 
what no.  347,  ante ;  but  the  land  called  "America" 
in  that  is  here  named  "  Estotilanclia."  "  Gron- 
landia "  is  better  drawn,  of  which  the  east  shore  is 
marked:  "  Latus  orientale  Groenl.  inhabitatum."  It 
is  sketched  in  Kohl's  Discovery  of  Maine,  p.  109. 

352.  A.  D.  1613.    Northern  Russia  and  Nova 

Zembla  by  De  Bry. 

From  Part  10  of  the  same  series  of  De  Bry,  pub- 
lished in  1613.  It  purports  to  be  taken  from  a  Rus- 
sian map,  and  the  language  of  that  to  be  translated 
into  Latin. 

The  map  by  Isaac  Massa  is  reproduced  in  the 
Hakluyt  Society  volumes, —  The  three  Voyages  of  Wil- 
lem  Barentz  (1876)  and  Three  Voyages  by  the  North 


353.  A.  D.  1773.    North-western  Europe,  Spitz- 
bergen  and  Greenland  by  Phipps. 

It  shows  the  ocean  north  of  50°,  and  west  of  the 
meridian  running  through  Iceland  ;  a  part  of  Green- 
land is  projected  above  71°.  From  the  map  given 
by  Constantino  John  Phipps  in  his  Voyage  towards 
the  North  Pole,  London,  1774. 

354.  A.  D.  1818.    North  Atlantic  by  Buchan. 

It  shows  Iceland,  Norway,  Spitzbergen,  and  the 
east  coast  of  Greenland.  It  is  taken  from  the  chart 
in  F.  W.  Bcechey's  Voyage  of  Discovery  towards  the 
North  Pole,  performed  in  his  Majesty's  SJiips  Doro- 
thea and  Trent,  under  the  command  of  Capt,  D. 
Buchan,  London,  1843. 

***  Cf.  the  enumeration  of  Arctic  maps  in  the  British  Mu- 
seum Catal.  of  Engraved  Maps,  1885,  column  175. 


XII. 

SOUTH    AMERICA. 

*#*  See  section  ii.,  ante,  and  xiii.jo  xvi.,/0rf. 

—  A.  D.  1515. 

Schoner's  early  globe,  of  which  there  are  drawings 
of  the  South  American  parts  in  Ruge's  Zeitalters  der 
Entdeckungen  (p.  461),  and  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit. 
Hist.  America,  vol.  viii.  Cf.  ante,  nos.  34  and  35, 
and  the  Nordenskibld  gores  of  the  early  part  of  the 
sixteenth  century,  figured  in  that  author's  Globkarta 
fran  Borjan  of  sexton  de  selket,  and  in  the  Nar.  and 
Crit.  Hist.  America,  vol.  viii. 

355.  A.  D.  i54o(?).    South  America.     (French.} 

Part  of  a  MS.  mappemonde  in  the  British  Mu- 
seum, supposed  to  have  been  made  by  order  of 
Francis  I.  for  the  Dauphin.  Cf.  Malte  Brun,  Hist, 
de  la  Geographie  (Paris,  1831),  vol.  i.,  p.  630.  The 
general  name  of  the  continent  seems  to  be  La  Terre 
dti  Bresil,  which  convinces  Kohl  that  the  map-maker 
used  Portuguese  sources,  which  is  also  apparent 
from  the  Portuguese  flavor  of  the  French  names  on 
the  map,  where  French  is  used.  There  are,  how- 
ever, Spanish  legends  in  some  parts,  as  on  the  east 
coast  of  Patagonia.  There  are  no  names  on  the 
coast  of  Chili,  which  leads  Kohl  to  think  that  the 
map  could  not  have  been  made  long  after  1535, 
when  that  coast  became  well  known.  The  Amazon 
is  not  represented  except  in  its  mouth ;  and  as 
Orellana  did  not  explore  it  till  1543,  intelligence  of 
his  voyage  had  not  reached,  it  would  seem,  the 
draughtsman.  The  La  Plata  connects  with  the  Ama- 
zon's mouth,  making  an  island  of  the  most  easterly 
part  of  the  continent.  There  is  a  sketch  of  it  in 
the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  vol.  viii. 

—  A.  D.  1544. 

Cabot's  mappemonde.  (See  ante,  section  ii.,  sub 
1544.)  A  sketch  of  the  South  American  part  is 
given  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  vol.  viii. 

—  A.  D.I  545-49- 

Medina's  Arte  de  navegar  (1545)  had  a  map  of 
South  America,  cut  off  above  the  La  Plata.  This 
same  cut  was  pieced  out  to  include  Magellan's  straits 
in  the  edition  of  1549.  A  facsimile  of  this  last  is 
given  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  vol.  viii. 

—  A.  D.  1 548. 

The  "  Carta  Marina  "  of  the  Ptolemy  of  this  year. 
See  ante,  under  no.  58.  A  facsimile  of  this  map  is 
given  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  vol.  viii. 

356.  A.  D.  i55o(?).     South  America. 

From  a  Spanish  portolano  preserved  in  the  Bod- 
leian Library,  at  Oxford.  Indications  of  towns 
founded  after  1550  would  probably  put  the  date  of 
the  map  about  1560,  as  Kohl  indee'cl  says  in  his  an- 
notations, but  he  gives  the  date  "about  1550"  in 
the  title  of  it.  The  interior  of  the  continent  is 
rather  fancifully  laid  out,  and  the  coasts  are  not  so 
well  made  out  as  on  contemporary  Portuguese  charts. 
What  seem  to  be  the  Falkland  islands  are  called 
"yas  de  S.  anton."  * 

357.  A.D.  i55o(?). 

A  less  perfect  draught  of  the  same. 


62 


THE   KOHL  COLLECTION   OF   EARLY  MAPS. 


—  A.  0.1554. 

The  Bellero  map.  See  ante,  no.  64.  There  is  a 
facsimile  of  it  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America, 
vol.  viii. 

—  A.  D.  1556. 

Map  in  Ramusio;  repeated  in  the  edition  of  1565. 
See  ante,  no.  66.  There  is  a  facsimile  in  the  Nar. 
and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  vol.  ii.,  p.  228. 

358.  A.  D.  i55~(?).     South  America.     (French.} 

From  a  MS.  map  once  in  the  possession  of  M. 
Jomard.  Kohl  thinks  it  a  French  map  made  after  a 
Portuguese  original,  and  that  it  resembles  the  Nico- 
las Vallard  map  of  1547.  The  general  name  of  the 
continent  is  Amerique.  There  being  no  trace  of 
Villegagnon's  settlement  in  Brazil  in  1556,  Kohl  puts 
its  date  earlier  than  that  year. 

—  A.  D.  1561. 

The  maps  in  the  Ruscelli  edition  of  Ptolemy. 
See  ante,  under  no.  69. 

359.  A.  D.  1562.    South  America  by  Gutierrez. 

After  an  engraved  map,  thought  by  Kohl  to  be 
the  earliest  on  so  large  a  scale,  and  called,  "  Ame- 
rican sive  quartos  orbis  partis  exactissima  descriptio. 
Auctore  Diego  Gutierro,  Philippi  regis  Ilisp.  Cos- 
mographi.  H.  Coch  excud.  1562."  It  shows  neither 
latitude  nor  longitude.  The  serpentine  course  of 
the  Amazon  is  like  the  delineations  of  Homem,  and 
the  river  bears  the  names  reported  by  Orellana. 
South  of  the  Amazon,  and  between  it  and  the  La 
Plata,  is  the  Rio  de  Maranon,  which  is  made  to  rise 
in  lake  Titicaca,  and  empty  into  the  Atlantic.  The 
Magdalena  River  was  known  after  1538,  but  it  fails 
of  recognition  on  this  map,  which  is  sketched  in  the 
Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  vol.  viii. 

—  A.  D.  1569. 

The  great  Mercator  map.     See  ante,  under  no.  71. 

—  A.  D.  1570. 

The  Ortelius  atlas.     See  ante,  no.  72. 

—  A.  D.  1572. 

The  Porcacchi  map.     See  ante,  under  no.  72. 

360.  A. D.  i57-(?).    South  America  by  Forlani. 

The  printed  map  of  Paulo  di  Forlani  in  the  British 
Museum,  without  date.  It  is  called  La  Descrittione 
di  tutto  il  Pern.  The  name  of  Peru  does  not  other- 
wise occur  on  it.  The  eastern  extremity  is  called 
"  Terra  del  Brasil."  The  northwest  corner  is  marked, 
"  Castiglia  del  Oro."  The  Orinoco  country  is  called 
"La  nova  Andalucia."  The  longitude  is  reckoned 
apparently  from  Pico  in  the  Azores.  There  is  a 
copy  of  the  original  in  Harvard  College  Library, 
after  which  a  facsimile  was  made  in  the  Nar.  and 
Crit.  Hist.  America,  vol.  viii. 

361.  A.  D.  1574.    South  America  by  Forlani. 

The  map  has  an  Italian  inscription,  which  is  to 
this  effect :  "  I  met  some  months  since  in  Venice  a 
certain  Don  Diego  Hermano,  a  gentleman  of  noble 
family,  and  had  with  him  some  talks  on  geography. 
He  presented  to  me  a  sketch,  showing  voyages  of 


exploration,  and  this  drawing  I  have  engraved. 
Venice,  Dec.  14,  1574.  Paolo  dei  Furlani."  Kohl 
thinks  this  map  precedes  no.  360. 

—  A.  D.  1574. 

The  Enchiridion  of  Philippus  Gallaeus.  See  ante, 
under  no.  72. 

—  A.  D.  1578. 

The  Martines  map.     See  ante,  no.  77. 

362.  A.  D.  i58s(?).    South  America  by  Doete- 

clium. 

A  MS.  map  in  the  British  Museum,  signed  "  Jo- 
annes a  Doetechum  fecit."  The  legends  on  the 
map  are  in  Latin ;  but  the  names  on  the  Brazil  coast 
are  in  Portuguese,  and  on  the  other  coasts  in  Spanish. 
Cordova,  founded  in  1573,  is  put  down,  and  this 
affords  an  anterior  limit  for  the  date  of  the  map. 
The  name  "  Rio  de  buena  Sarres "  leads  Kohl  to 
think  that  the  town  Buenos  Ayres  (1580)  had  not 
been  founded  when  the  map  was  made,  and  he  does 
not  know  the  ground  for  the  date  1585!?),  adopted 
in  the  Museum  catalogue.  The  Paraguay  (called 
Parana)  runs  from  Lacus  Eupana,  which  has  con- 
nection also  through  various  channels  with  the  At- 
lantic, above  and  below  Cape  St.  Augustine.  The 
map  is  cut  off  just  north  of  Patagonia,  and  is  held 
by  Kohl  to  have  been  used  by  Hondius  in  his  map, 
made  shortly  after  1600.  The  "  Rio  Grande  "  (Mag- 
dalena) is  developed  more  than  on  any  earlier  map, 
as  Kohl  says.  The  Orinoco  is  a  mere  coast  stream. 
There  is  a  sketch  of  this  map  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit. 
Hist.  America,  vol.  viii. 

—  A.  D.  1587. 

The  map  in  Hakluyt's  Paris  ed.  of  Peter  Martyr. 
See  ante,  no.  80. 

363,  364.  A.  D.  1592.     South  America  by  De 

Bry. 

An  imperfect  sketch,  and  a  tracing. 

365.  A.  D.  1593.    South  America  by  Judseis. 

From  an  engraved  map  by  Cornelius  Judasis, 
called  Brasilia  et  Penii'ia.  The  Orinoco  is  a  small 
stream.  The  La  Plata  is  made  to  rise  in  the  "  La- 
guna  del  Dorado." 

—  A.  D.  1593. 

Map  of  Maffeius.     See  ante,  under  no.  83. 

—  A.  0.1597. 

The  maps  in  Wytfliet's  continuation  of  Ptolemy 
(see  ante,  under  no.  85),  and  in  the  editions  of  Ptol- 
emy at  Cologne  and  Arnheim  (see  ante,  under  no 
84). 

—  A.  D.  1598. 

The  map  in  Mtinster's  Cosmographia.  See  ante, 
no.  86. 


366.  A.  D.  1599.  South  America  by  Linschoten. 

From  an  engraved  map  in  Linschoten's  Arai>igatio 
in  Indiam  Oricntalem.  The  La  Plata  rises  in  the 
"  Laguna  del  Dorado." 


THE   KOHL   COLLECTION   OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


—  A.  D.  1599. 

Hulsius's  "  Nova  et  exacta  delineatio  Americae 
partis  australis  "  in  the  I'era  hiitoria  of  Schmiclel, 
Amsterdam,  1599,  part  of  which  is  given  in  facsimile 
in  the  Arar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  vol.  viii. 

367.  A.  D.  i6oo(?).     South  America. 

It  shows  the  continent  between  the  northern 
limits  of  Brazil  and  the  upper  parts  of  Patagonia. 
After  a  MS.  map  in  the  Depot  de  la  Marine  at  Paris. 
Para,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Amazon,  founded  soon 
after  1620,  is  not  indicated,  and  the  course  of  the 
Amazon  is  not  improved  upon  the  type  fashioned 
after  the  reports  of  Orellana  in  1542.  Near  lake 
Titicaca  is  a  legend  about  the  explorations  of  Nuflo 
de  Chaves,  in  1557-1560.  The  names  and  inscrip- 
tions are  nearly  all  Spanish,  with  an  admixture  of 
Portuguese  in  Brazil.  The  designations  of  the 
oceans  and  a  few  other  names  are  French.  These 
features  indicate  a  French  draughtsman,  wqrking  on 
Spanish  and  Portuguese  models. 

—  A.  D.  1601. 

Map  in  Ilerrera.     See  ante,  no.  88. 

—  A.  D.  1603. 

The  map  in  Botero's  Relaciones.  See  ante,  under 
no.  84. 

—  A.  D.  1606. 

Map  in  the  Regimiento  de  Navegacion  of  Cespedes. 
See  ante,  no.  89. 

368.  A.  D.  i6io(?).    America  Meridionalis. 

F'rom  the  Hondius- Mercator  Atlas,  Amsterdam, 
1630.  The  map  is  without  date.  The  great  An- 
tarctic Continent,  "  Terra  del  Fogo,"  would  indicate 
that  it  was  made  before  Lemaire's  voyage  in  1615. 
No  draughtsman's  name  is  attached  to  the  map,  but 
Kohl  conjectures  that  it  was  made  by  Hondius. 
Kohl  calls  it  the  most  correct  map  at  its  date.  Lake 
Titicaca  connects  with  the  Amazon.  The  "  Eupana 
Lacus "  connects  south  with  the  La  Plata,  north 
with  the  Amazon,  and  east  with  the  Atlantic.  The 
continent  is  made  60°  broad. 

See  the  Hondius  map  in  the  Mercator  Atlas  of 
1613,  and  in  Purchas,  iii.  p.  882. 

—  A.  D.  1613. 

The  map  in  the  Detectionis  Freti,  etc. 
The  map  of  Joannes  Oliva  in  the  British  Museum. 
See  ante,  no.  90. 

—  A.  D.  1625-30. 

See  De  Laet,  ante,  no.  92. 

—  A.  D.  1635. 

See  the  Mercator  Atlas,  ante,  under  no.  100. 

—  A.  D.  1651. 

Jamison's  Atlas  Minor,  ii.  401. 

369.  A.  D.  1660.     South  America  by  Allard. 

In  the  Orinoco  he  follows  Visscher  ;  in  the  Ama- 
zon, Acuna.  The  river  Xanca  in  Peru  is  made  the 
source  of  the  Amazon.  He  records  Bromver's  pas- 
sage between  Staten  island  and  Tierra  del  Fuego,  in 
1643. 


—   A.  D.  1663. 

Heylin's  Cosmographia. 

370.  A.  D.  1680-81.    South  America  by  Sharp. 

The  map  is  called  "  A  description  of  the  South 
sea  and  Coasts  of  America,  Containing  the  whole 
navigation  to  all  those  places  at  which  Capt.  Sharp 
and  his  Companions  were  in  the  years  1680  and 
1681."  Sharp's  track  of  circumnavigation  is  pricked 
on  the  map.  The  southern  point  reached  by  him 
was  58°  25',  where  he  saw  no  land.  He  went  much 
to  the  southeast  of  Staten  island,  called  by  him 
Albemarle  island.  The  map  is  copied  from  Rin- 
grose's  Buccaniers  of  America,  2d  ed.  London,  1684. 


XIII. 

NORTHERN  PARTS  OF  SOUTH  AMER- 
ICA. 

*#*  See  sections  ii.  and  xii.,  ante. 

371.  A.  D.  1525.    North  Coast  of  South  Amer- 
ica by  Loreiiz  Friess. 

One  of  the  twelve  sheets  of  a  wood-cut  map,  made 
in  1525,  but  not  published  till  1530,  and  based,  it  is 
thought,  on  maps  of  Waldseemiiller,  as  he  had  also 
used  that  geographer's  maps  in  the  1522  edition  of 
Ptolemy.  The  main  inscription  on  the  continent  is 
"  Das  niiv  erfunde  land."  Kohl  thinks  the  informa- 
tion used  was  not  very  recent  in  1525.  It  is  sketched 
in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  ii.  p.  218. 


372.    A.  D.  1528. 


Terra   de   Santa  Croce  by 
Bordone. 


From  the  first  edition  of  Bordone's  Isolario,  1528. 
It  is  called,  "  Terra  de  santa  croce,  over  Mondo 
nuovo."  He  considers  South  America  an  island, 
having  no  connection  with  Asia  or  with  North 
America.  "C.  S.  X."  is  the  designation  put  for 
the  present  Cape  St.  Augustine,  and  Brazil  is  called 
"Paria."  He  had  only  heard  reports  of  Balboa's 
and  Magellan's  discoveries,  and  he  omits  the  south- 
ern parts  of  the  continent.  The  map  is  supposed 
to  have  been  made  in  1521.  There  is  a  sketch  of  it 
in  the  Arar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  vol.  viii. 

373.  A.  D.  1542.      Northeast   Coast   of  South 

America  by  Rotz. 

From  his  Boke  of  Idrography  in  the  British  Mu- 
seum. Kohl  thinks  from  the  names  that  Rotz  de- 
rived more  help  from  Portuguese  than  from  Spanish 
sources.  The  two  chief  names  along  the  coast  are 
"  Coste  of  Brazil "  and  "  Coste  of  Caniballis."  It 
extends  from  Trinidad  to  below  Cape  St.  Augustine. 

374.  A.  D.  i595(?).     Amazon  and  Orinoco. 

It  shows  the  coast  from  the  mouth  of  the  Amazon 
to  Panama,  and  the  watersheds  of  the  Amazon  and 
Orinoco.  The  original  MS.  map  was  acquired  by 
the  British  Museum  in  1845,  and  Kohl  is  inclined  to 
believe  it  the  identical  map  made  when  Ralegh  was 
on  the  Orinoco,  or  a  contemporary  copy  of  his  map. 
The  original  is  on  vellum,  and  Kohl  thinks  that  the 
manner  of  execution  points  to»  a  date  earlier  than 
1600.  The  extent  of  the  map  corresponds  to  the 
map  which  Ralegh  tells  us  he  made  of  the  country, 
and  the  geographical  features  correspond  with  his 
narrative,  including  the  "  Lake  of  Manoa." 


64 


THE   KOHL   COLLECTION    OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


375.  A.  D.  1596.     Orinoco. 

A  small  sketch  of  the  coast  from  Venezuela  to  the 
mouth  of  the  Amazon. 

376.  A.  D.  1619.     Guiana  from  De  Bry. 

Kohl's  annotations  are  erased. 

377.  A.  D.  i62-(?).     Orinoco  by  N.  Visscher. 

Sketch  of  the  Orinoco  valley,  with  adjacent  coasts, 
and  part  of  Lacus  Parime. 

—  A.  D.  1651. 

Northwest  parts  of  South  America,  in  Jannson's 

Alias  Minor,  ii.  407. 

378.  A.  D.  1656.     Guiana  by  Sansou. 

From  the  "  Carte  de  la  Guyana  et  Caribane,  aug- 
mentee  et  corrigee  suivant  les  dernieres  Relations 
par  Sanson  d'Abbeville,  1656."  Kohl  thinks  Sanson 
used  drafts  brought  away  by  the  French  when  they 
left  Cayenne  in  1653.  It  shows  in  the  interior  a 
large  "  Lac  ou  Mcr,  que  les  Caraibes  appelent 
Parime."  This  draft  remained  the  best  one  of  the 
interior  of  Guiana  till  D'Anville's  map  in  1729. 

379.  A.  D.  1669.     Guiana  by  Thelot. 

Made  at  Frankfort  on  the  Main  by  T.  P.  Thelot, 
attached  to  an  account  of  Guiana,  published  in  1669. 
The  map  is  called,  "  Guiana  sive  Amazonum  regio." 
The  usual  extensive  "Parime  Lacus,"  with  its  city 
of  "  Manoa,"  appears. 

380.  A.  D.  1694.     Surinam  by  Van  Keulen. 

From  the  Zee-Atlas  of  Van  Keulen. 

381.  A.  D.  1729.     French  Guiana  by  D'Anville. 

From  an  engraved  map  based  on  reports  of  M. 
Milhan.  It  shows  the  country  for  about  seven 
leagues  around  Cayenne. 

382.  A.  D.  1729.    French  Guiana  by  D'Anville. 

From  1635,  when  the  French  first  had  possession, 
down  to  1676,  when  their  possession  was  assured, 
and  during  later  periods  down  to  1729,  there  were 
French  surveys  of  the  country,  of  which  D'Anville 
had  the  use.  Up  to  this  date  little  was  known  of 
the  interior  beyond  what  the  Fathers  Grillet  and 
Bechamel  learned  in  explorations  in  1674. 

383.  A.  D.  1730.     Venezuela  by  D'Anville. 

Depending  on  Spanish  reports.  The  coast  is  still 
inaccurate. 

384.  A.  D.  1741.     Orinoco  Valley  by  Gumilla. 

The  map  is  called,  "  Mapa  della  Provincia  y  Mis- 
siones  de  la  Compania  de  I.  H.  S.  de  Nuevo  Reyno 
de  Granada."  From  an  engraved  map  accompany- 
ing Gumilla's  work  on  the  Orinoco  Country.  Kohl 
thinks  it  hardly  an  improvement  on  the  Ralegh  map 
(ante,  no.  374).  It  shows  the  "  Laguna  de  Parima." 

385.  A.  D.  1751  (?).    North  Part  of  Soiith  Amer- 

ica by  Breutano  and  La  Torre. 

This  map,  without  date,  was  made,  in  Kohl's  opin- 
ion, not  long  after  1744,  and  is  entitled,  "Provincia 
Quitensis  Societatis  Jesu  in  America  cum  tribus 
cadcm  finitimis,  a  PP.  Carolo  Brentano  et  Nicholas 


de  la  Torre.  Romse."  A  legend  at  the  point  where 
the  Orinoco  and  Rio  Negro  (branch  of  Amazon) 
become  confluent  says  that  this  connection  was  dis- 
covered in  1744,  by  Father  Emanuel  Roman,  Su- 
perior of  the  Orinoco  missions.  The  Portuguese 
had  found  it  out,  however,  the  year  before.  The 
course  of  the  Orinoco  seems  to  be  copied  from 
Gumilla. 

386.  A.  D.  1775.     Sources  of  the  Orinoco  by 

J.  de  la  Cruz  Cano. 

A  small  imperfect  sketch. 

387.  A.  D.  1830.    Massaroony  River  by  Hill- 

house. 

A  branch  of  the  Essequebo  river.  An  engraved 
map  in  the  Joiirnal  of  the  Royal  Geographical  So- 
ciety, iv.  (1834). 

388.  A.  12.1832.    British  Guiana  by  Alexander. 

From  an  engraved  map  in  the  Journal  of  the  Royal 
Geographical  Society,  ii.  (1832).  The  best  map,  be- 
fore Schomburgk  reformed  the  geography  of  the 
country. 

389.  A.  D.  1834.    Fart  of  British  Guiana. 

An  engraved  map  by  Hillhouse  in  the  Journal  of 
the  Royal  Geographical  Society,  iv.  (1834). 

390.  391,  392.     A.  D.  1836.    British  Guiana  by 

Schomburgk. 


country  from  i°  to  9°  N.  lat.,  and  from  56°  to  6oc 
W.  longitude.  No.  392  gives  with  minuter  detail 
and  according  to  later  explorations,  the  part  between 
i°  and  5°  N.  lat.,  and  follows  an  engraved  map  in 
Ibid.,™.  (1845). 

XIV. 

SOUTHERN   PARTS  OF  SOUTH   AMER- 
ICA. 

*V*  Cf.  sections  ii.  and  xii. 

393.  A.  D.  1521.     Straits  of  Magellan  by  Figa- 
fetta. 

From  the  engraved  map  in  Amoretti's  edition  of 
Pigafetta's  narrative  of  Magellan's  voyage,  published 
at  Milan,  1800.  There  is  a  facsimile  of  this  map  in 
the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  vol.  ii.,  and  a 
sketch  in  Ibid.,  vol.  viii. 

—  A.  D.  1529. 

Pvibero's  mappemonde.  See  ante,  no.  41.  A 
sketch  of  Magellan's  straits  from  it  is  given  in  the 
Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  vol.  viii. 

—  A.  D.  1531. 

Finaeus's  mappemonde.  The  southern  hemisphere 
is  reproduced  in  Wieser's  Magalhdes-Strasse,  p.  66, 
and  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  vol.  viii. 

—  A.  D.I  533. 

The  southern  hemisphere  of  Schoner  is  figured  in 
Wieser's  Magalhaes-Strasse,  and  in  the  A'ar.  and 
Crit.  Hist.  America,  vol.  viii, 


THE   KOHL   COLLECTION   OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


394.  A.  D.  1546.      Patagonia    and    Magellan's 

Straits  by  J.  Freire. 

From  a  portolano  which  was  in  Santarem's  pos- 
session when  used  by  Kohl.  While  the  east  coast 
of  Patagonia  and  the  straits  have  a  nomenclature 
traceable  to  Magellan's  voyage,  Kohl  does  not  find 
any  original  source  for  the  names  on  the  west  coast, 
which  runs  north  on  the  map  to  27°  S.  lat.  Kohl 
is  mistaken  in  supposing  Magellan  did  not  run  up 
the  west  coast  before  turning  westward.  Pigafetta's 
map  shows  that  he  did.  Kohl  quotes  Gomara's 
statement  that  Camargo,  in  1540,  was  the  first  to 
bring  to  Europe  certain  news  of  the  Pacific  coast 
between  the  straits  and  Peru,  and  thinks  that  Freire 
may  have  had  Camargo's  charts.  There  is  a  sketch 
of  this  map  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America, 
vol.  viii. 

—  A.  D.  1547. 

A  sketch  from  the  Nicolas  Vallard  map  is  in  the 
Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  vol.  viii.  See  ante, 
no.  154. 

—  A.  D.  1578. 

Hondius's  map  illustrating  Drake's  voyage  is  re- 
produced in  Kohl's  Magellan' s-Strasse. 

395.  A.  D.  1579-80.     Sarmiento's  Discoveries. 

From  a  MS.  Spanish  map  in  the  British  Museum, 
showing  the  surveys  of  Pedro  Sarmiento  among  the 
coast  islands  on  the  west  coast  of  Patagonia.  It 
does  not  show  his  researches  further  south  within 
Magellan's  straits,  which  leads  Kohl  to  suspect  that 
the  map  only  indicates  the  explorations  made  before 
his  vice-admiral,  Villalobos,  returned  to  Peru. 

396.  A.  D.  1587.     Magellan's  Straits  and  the 

Antarctic  Continent. 

From  a  French  MS.  in  the  British  Museum.  It 
represents  Tierra  del  Fuego  as  expanded  into  a  con- 
tinent, the  northerly  point  of  which  is  made  an 
island  by  a  transverse  channel,  somewhat  hesitat- 
ingly indicated  by  some  pictures  of  trees,  which  con- 
ceal the  reaches  of  it. 

—  A.  D.  1590. 

The  map  in  Johannes  Myritius's  Opusculum  geo- 
graphicum.  See  ante,  no.  79. 

397.  A.  0.1599.    Magellan's   Straits  by  F.  de 

Weert. 

From  De  Bry's  Greater  Voyages,  Part  IX.  (1602), 
showing  the  results  of  De  Weert's  surveys  of  the 
straits.  Kohl  thinks  that  Hondius  in  his  Atlas 
(1607)  worked  from  the  same  material  with  more 
detail,  as  shown  in  his  better  delineation  of  the  great 
bend  in  the  strait,  which  is  here  hardly  noted. 

398.  A.  D.  1600.    Magellan's  Straits  by  Hon- 

dius and  Mercator. 

This  accompanies  the  treatise  on  the  straits  in  the 
Hondius  edition  of  Mercator,  1607,  —  which  treatise, 
as  it  does  not  record  the  recent  Dutch  explorations, 
Kohl  judges  to  have  been  written  by  Mercator  him- 
self before  1594,  and  to  have  been  used  by  Hondius 
to  accompany  a  map,  embodying  the  Dutch  surveys 
of  Mahn,  Coraes,  and  De  Weert  in  1598-99.  Just 
after  this,  in  1600,  Kohl  would  place  this  map. 

Cf.  the  Hondius  map  in  Purchas,  iii.  p.  900. 


399.  A.  D.   1600.      Southern    Fart    of    South 

America  by  Olivier  van  Noort. 

A  combination  of  two  maps  which  appeared  in 
the  Begin  ende  Voortgang  -van  de  vereenigde  Needer- 
landtsche  Oost-Indische  Compagnie,  1646.  Van  Noort 
tracked  these  coasts  in  1599-1600. 

400.  A.  D.  1602.    Patagonia  by  Van  Noort. 

The  southern  part  of  no.  399,  which  Kohl  dates  in 
this  case  1602.  He  makes  no  comments  on  it. 

401.  A.  D.  1602.    Patagonia  by  Levinus  Hul- 

sius. 

It  gives  an  excessive  breadth  to  the  Patagonian  re- 
gion, as  was  usual  in  maps  of  this  time.  In  the  in- 
terior a  Patagonian  giant  is  represented  running  an 
arrow  a  yard  and  a  half  long  down  his  throat  to  the 
bottom  of  his  stomach. 

402.  A.  D.  1615.    Magellan's  Straits  by  Spil- 

bergen. 

A  map  in  De  Bry,  Part  XI.  (1619),  purporting  to 
show  the  explorations  of  George  Spilbergen ;  but 
there  is  nothing  in  the  accompanying  text  to  explain 
its  history. 

403.    A.  D.  1619.     Tierra  del  Fuego  by 
Schouten. 

Showing  Magellan's  straits;  Tierra  del  Fuego, 
which  is  made  a  single  large  island,  with  a  portion 
of  its  west  coast  unknown,  and  Lemaire's  channel 
separating  it  from  "  State  landt,"  the  western  end  of 
which  is  shown  ;  as  is  also  Schouten's  track  in  round- 
ing Cape  Horn.  It  follows  the  engraved  map  in 
the  Diarium  vel  descriptio  .  .  .  itineris  facti  a  Guilli- 
elmo  Cornelia  Schotenio  Hornano.  Amsterdam!,  1619. 
The  map  is  called,  "  Caarte  van  de  nieuwe  Passage 
.  .  .  ontdeckt  ...  in  den  jare  1616  door  Willem 
Schouten  van  Hoorn."  Schouten's  own  charts  are 
lost,  says  Kohl ;  but  as  Willem  Jannson  wrote  the 
preface  to  the  book,  he  probably  made  this  map 
from  Schouten's  drafts.  Schouten  sailed  under  the 
patronage  of  some  Dutch  merchants,  chief  among 
whom  was  Isaac  Lemaire,  with  the  purpose  of  dis- 
covering some  other  passage  to  the  Pacific  than 
Magellan's  straits ;  and  he  was  accompanied  by 
Jacob,  son  of  Isaac  Lemaire,  and  after  the  latter 
they  named  the  newly  found  passage  between  State 
landt  and  the  main  coast. 

Cf.  the  map  on  the  title  of  the  London  edition  of 
Schouten  (1619),  of  which  a  facsimile  is  given  in  the 
Arar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  vol.  viii.  Kohl  in  his 
Magellan' s-Strasse  gives  the  map  from  the  Amster- 
dam (1619)  edition. 

404.  A.  D.  1621.    Patagonia  by  Nodal. 

Follows  an  engraved  map  in  Montenegro's  Re- 
lacion  del  Viaje  de  los  Nodales,  Madrid,  1621. 

405.  A.  D.  1621.    The  Same. 

A  less  perfect  copy.  This  map  is  reproduced  in 
Kohl's  Magellan'1  s-Sirasse. 

406.  A.  D.  1624.    Cape  Ho'rn  by  Walbeck. 

An  engraved  map  in  the  Begin  ende  Voortgang  van 
de  Vercenigde  Oost-Indische  Compagnie,  1646  (vol.  ii.). 


66 


THE   KOHL   COLLECTION   OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


407.  A.  D.  1630.  La  Terra  del  Fuogo  by  Dudley. 

One  of  the  MS.  maps  of  Robert  Dudley,  preserved 
at  Munich,  on  which  his  Arcano  del  Mare,  published 
at  Florence  in  1646,  was  based.  Kohl  assigns  all  of 
Dudley's  maps  to  1630.  Tierra  del  Fuego  is  made 
a  completed  island  on  the  Schouten  idea.  "  Staten 
land  "  is  a  peninsula  of  a  great  Antarctic  continent. 

< —  A.  D.  1644. 

The  map  in  the  Amsterdam  ed.  of  Linschoten. 

—  A.  D.  1646. 

The  map  of  Kaerius  in  Speed's  Prospect  (London, 
1665). 

—  A.  D.  1651. 

Straits  of  Magellan  in  Jannson's  Atlas  Minor,  ii. 
427. 

408.  A.  D.  1666.    Magellanica  by  Jamison. 

From  Jannson's  Atlas,  1666.  For  Magellan's 
straits,  he  followed  mainly  Nodal's  reports.  The 
general  shape  of  Tierra  del  Fuego  is  like  Schouten's. 
"Staten  Eylant"  has  the  insular  form  for  the  first 
time,  says  Kohl,  in  a  printed  map. 

409.  A.  D.  1670.    Magellan's  Straits  by  Nar- 

borough. 

Sir  John  Narborough  was  sent  out  by  Charles  II. 
in  1669  to  renew  explorations,  which  had  been  ne- 
glected for  many  years.  Narborough's  map,  three 
feet  long,  as  drawn  by  himself  on  parchment,  is  in 
the  British  Museum.  From  this  a  reduction  was 
engraved  and  published  in  London,  and  from  this 
engraving — "A  new  map  of  Magellan's  straits  dis- 
covered \sic\  by  Capt.  John  Narborough,  commander 
of  H.  M.  Ship  Sweepstakes  made  and  sold  by  P. 
Thornton"  —  Kohl  makes  the  present  draft,  which 
he  thinks  was  largely  based  on  early  Dutch  surveys. 

410.  A.  D.  1670.     Patagonia   and   Tierra  del 

Fuego  by  Narborough. 

This  map  seems  also  mainly  derived  from  Dutch 
sources,  and  appeared  in  An  Account  of  several  late 
Voyages  and  Discoveries  to  the  South  and  North  by 
Sir  John  Narborough,  London,  1694. 

411.  A.  D.  i7oc(?).      Coast  South  of   Buenos 

Ayres. 

The  date  1700  is  given  by  Kohl  in  the  title,  but  it 
seems  to  be  an  error,  as  in  his  notes  he  says  the  map, 
which  is  a  MS.  one  preserved  in  the  British  Museum, 
grew  out  of  the  explorations  of  Juan  de  la  Piedra 
and  of  Antonio  and  Francisco  Vieclma  in  1778  and 
1779,  under  instructions  from  Spain  to  form  settle- 
ments on  the  east  coast  of  Patagonia.  The  map 
also  shows  the  inland  explorations  of  Brazilio  Vil- 
larino  in  1782,  who  was  sent  out  by  Viedma.  Routes 
of  other  explorers  are  also  indicated. 

412.  A.  D.  1714.    Magellan's  Straits  and  Tierra 

del  Fuego  by  Frezier. 

This  is  one  of  the  maps  explained  by  Frezier  to 
Louis  XIV.,  when  he  returned,  in  1714,  from  the 
voyage  of  exploration  on  which  that  monarch  had 
sent  him  in  1712.  Cape  Horn  is  laid  down  in  55°  45'. 
The  west  coast  of  Tierra  del  Fuego  trends  nearly 
east  and  west.  The  eastern  parts  of  the  Falkland 


islands  are  shown,  with  tracks  of  vessels  from  St. 
Malo  from  1700  to  1713,  by  whom  they  are  said  to 
have  been  discovered. 

413.  A.  D.  1717.    The  Same. 

This  is  an  incomplete  sketch  dated  differently,  and 
has  no  annotations. 

414.  A.  r>.  1748.    The  Country   South  of  the 

Rio  Plata  by  Cardiel. 

An  oblong,  incomplete  sketch,  without  comment. 

—  A.  D.  1766. 

Bougainville's  map  of  the  straits,  of  which  a  fac- 
simile is  given  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America, 
vol.  viii. 

415.  A.  D.  1775.     Southern    Part   of   South 

America. 

From  an  English  map,  based  on  the  Atlas  of  Juan 
de  la  Cruz  Cano  y  Olmadilla,  published  at  Madrid 
in  1769.  The  English  map  is  called  "  improved  from 
Byron,  Wallis,  Carteret  and  Bougainville,  1775." 

416.  A.  D.  1782.    Rio  Negro. 

This  shows  a  section  from  ocean  to  ocean  of  north- 
ern Patagonia  and  Chili,  and  was  based  by  Arrow- 
smith  on  data  got  from  the  explorations  of  Basilio 
Villarino  in  1782,  and  was  published  in  the  Journal 
of  the  Royal  Geographical  Society,  vol.  vi.  (1836). 

417.  A.  D.  1783.    East  Coast  of  Patagonia  by 

Viedma. 

It  follows  a  rough  sketch  preserved  in  the  British 
Museum. 

418.  A.  D.  1824.     Cape  Horn  and  Vicinity  by 

Capt.  Weddell. 

A  small  sketch  without  notes. 

419.  A.  D.  1830.    Patagonia  after  Capt.  King 

A  sketch  without  comment. 

420.  A.  D.  1833.    The  Southern  Pole. 

A  map  showing  the  southern  hemisphere  between 
the  pole  and  30°  S.  lat,  with  tracks  of  recent  ex- 
plorers laid  down,  published  in  the  Journal  of  the 
Royal  Geographical  Society,  iii.  (1833). 

421.  A.  D.  1833.    East  Falkland  Island. 

From  the  Journal  of  the  Royal  Geographical  So- 
ciety, iii.  (1833). 


XV. 


BRAZIL  AND   THE   AMAZON. 

*#*  Cf.  sections  ii.,  xii.,  and  xiii. 

422.  A.  D.  1500.     Brazil  by  La  Cosa. 

A  section  of  the  La  Cosa  chart.  See  ante,  no.  26. 
Kohl  considers  that  La  Cosa,  in  the  water  which  he 
represents  southwest  of  South  America,  anticipated 
the  discovery  of  the  South  Sea  or  Pacific.  He  con- 
siders the  "  Costa  plaida  "  to  mark  the  island  which 


THE   KOHL  COLLECTION   OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


67 


divides  the  Amazon  proper  from  the  Para  river,  and 
holds  that  the  names  along  the  coast  are  the  results 
of  the  voyages  of  Pinzon  and  Lepe. 

423.  A.  D.  1525.    Brazil  by  Lorenz  Friess. 

From  the  Carta  Marina  (Atlas)  of  Lorenz  Friess, 
published  in  1530,  but  it  represents  rather  the  con- 
dition of  knowledge  of  this  part  of  the  South  Ameri- 
can coast  after  the  Portuguese  explorations  of  1501-3. 
The  country  is  called,  "  Prisilia  sive  terra  papagalli." 
Another  (German)  inscription- reads,  "In this  country, 
men  when  they  die,  are  cut  up,  smoked,  roasted  and 
eaten."  Another  says,  "  They  have  sailed  all  along 
this  coast,  but  no  one  has  penetrated  into  the  country." 
It  is  sketched  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America, 
vol.  viii. 

424.  A.  D.  1542.    Coast  of  Brazil  by  Rotz. 

A  sketch  without  comment.  It  is  from  the  Idro- 
graphy.  See  ante,  no.  55.  Brazil  is  made  an  island. 

425.  A.  D.  1 546.    Brazil  by  J.  Freire. 

It  shows  the  coast  from  the  mouth  of  the  Amazon 
to  La  Plata.  Copied  from  a  MS.  portolano  then  in 
the  possession  of  Santarem.  It  gives  latitude  with- 
out longitude,  and  Kohl  calls  it  the  earliest  good 
survey  by  astronomical  helps.  La  Plata  rises  in  a 
lake,  which  Kohl  believes  the  same  discovered  by 
Cabefa  de  Vaca,  and  for  the  first  time  laid  down  in 
this  map. 

426.  A.  0.1547.    Brazil  by  Nic.  Vallard. 

From  a  MS.  atlas.     See  ante,  no.  154. 

427.  A.  D.  1556.    Brazil. 

From  Ramusio,  Viaggi,  vol.  iii.  (1556).  The  map 
appears  to  be  of  French  origin.  There  is  a  facsimile 
in  Paul  Gaffarel's  Bresil  Franfais,  p.  6l. 

428.  A.  D.  1558.    Brazil  by  Diego  Homem. 

From  the  MS.  atlas  in  the  British  Museum.  See 
ante,  no.  67.  It  covers  the  same  extent  as  no.  425, 
but  the  coast  is  more  minutely  drawn,  and  be- 
sprinkled with  names,  quite  unlike  those  of  Freire. 
The  degrees  of  latitude  are  marked,  but  not  num- 
bered. 

429.  A.  D.  1558.    The  Amazon  and  the  North- 

ern Coast  by  Diego  Homem. 

From  the  same  atlas  as  no.  428.  That  part  of  the 
ocean  which  receives  the  flow  of  the  Amazon  is 
called  "  Mare  aque  dulcis."  The  river  itself  is 
called  "Rio  de  S.  Juan  de  las  Amazonas."  The 
names  given  by  Orellana  are  scattered  along  its 
course.  The  name  "Omaga"  (Omagua)  is  said  by 
Kohl  to  be  here  seen  for  the  first  time  on  a  map. 
There  is  a  sketch  of  this  map  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit. 
Hist.  America,  viii. 

430.  A.  0.1558.    The  Same. 
A  less  perfect  sketch. 

431.  A.  D.  1561.    Brazil  by  Ruscelli. 

Added  by  Ruscelli  to  the  ed.  of  Ptolemy,  pub- 
lished 1561,  and  thought  to  be  made  upon  the  draft 
published  by  Ramusio,  1556;  but  Ruscelli  adds  lines 
of  longitude  and  latitude,  which  Ramusio  did  not 
give.  Kohl  thinks  it  the  earliest  map  of  Brazil  on 
which  longitudes  are  marked.  They  are  nearly 
right — by  a  chance. 


—  A.  D.  1578. 

Brazil  in  the  Atlas  of  Johannes  Martines,  in  the 
British  Museum.  See  ante,  no.  75.  A  sketch  of  the 
map  of  Brazil  is  given  in  the  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist. 
America,  vol.  viii. 

432.  A.  0.1599.    South  America  by  Levinus 

Hulsius. 

An  engraved  map  published  at  Nuremberg,  and 
called,  "Nova  et  exacta  Delineatio  Americae  partis 
Australis,  que  est  Brasilia,"  etc.  Kohl  says  that  the 
Orinoco  is  for  the  first  time  drawn  inland.  It  is 
represented  as  a  broad  stream,  with  a  mouth  filled 
with  many  islands.  The  usual  "  Parime  Lacus " 
connects  with  the  Atlantic  by  the  Caiane  and  Waia- 
pago  rivers.  A  large  "  lacus  Eupuna "  connects 
north  with  the  Amazon,  east  with  the  ocean,  and 
south  (apparently)  with  the  La  Plata  river.  See 
facsimile  in  Nar.  and  Crit.  Hist.  America,  vol.  viii. 

—  A.  D.  1651. 

Brazil,  in  Jannson's  Atlas  Minor,  ii.  417.  It  re- 
sembles Ramusio's,  no.  427,  ante. 

433.  A.  o.  1656.    The  Amazon  by  Sans  on. 

A  published  map,  "  Le  Peru  et  le  Cours  de  la 
Riviere  Amazon,  Paris,  1656."  It  was  made  in 
large  part  after  the  reports  of  Father  d'Acunha,  who 
accompanied  Pedro  Texeira  in  1638  on  his  trip  up 
the  Amazon,  thence  to  Quito,  and  return.  An  ac- 
count of  the  journey  was  published  in  Madrid  in 
1640,  but  without  a  map.  This  map,  fashioned  by 
Sanson,  on  that  account  continued  to  be  the  best, 
down  to  the  map  of  Father  Fritz  in  1717. 

434.  A.  D.  1695.    Brazil  by  Coronelli. 

A  small  sketch,  without  comment. 

435.  A.  o.  1700.  (?)     The  Amazon  by  Fritz. 

After  a  MS.  map  in  the  Depot  de  la  Marine  at 
Paris,  without  date  or  author,  called  "  Rio  de  Ma- 
rannon  o  de  Amazonas."  Kohl  thinks  it  either  a 
copy  of  Father  Fritz's  map,  as  he  made  it,  or  as  it 
was  engraved  in  Quito  in  1707.  The  names  agree 
with  those  in  Fritz's  report.  It  does  not  give  the 
upper  course  of  the  Ucayale,  which  is  given  in  no. 
438  (post),  but  it  gives  details  generally  with  greater 
fulness. 

436.  A.  o.  1703.    The  Amazon  by  Delisle. 

It  is  called,  "  Carte  du  Pays  des  Amazones,  par 
De  1'Isle,  d'apres  Herrera,  Laet,  Acuna,  Rodriguez, 
etc.,  1703."  It  is  incorrect  in  many  important  par- 
ticulars. 

437.  A.  D.  1703.    Brazil  by  Delisle. 

Called,  "  Carte  du  Bresil  d'apres  Herrera,  Laet, 
Acuna,  Rodriguez  et  sur  plusieurs  relations,  1/03." 
Kohl  considers  Sanson's  map  of  1656  far  more  ac- 
curate. 

438.  A.  o.  1707.    The  Amazon  by  Fritz. 

The  German  Jesuit  missionary,  Father  Samuel 
Fritz,  was  familiar  with  the, river  after  1686,  and 
during  his  journeys  he  used  rude  instruments  to 
make  observations  of  latitude,  but  he  had  none  to 
determine  longitude,  though  lines  of  longitude  are 
given  in  his  map.  This  map  was  engraved  in  Quito 


68 


THE   KOHL   COLLECTION    OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


in  1707,  and  is  the  earliest  map  based  on  any  astro- 
nomical observations.  A  reduced  copy  of  it  was,  in 
1717,  published  in  the  Lettres  £difiantes,  but  was 
unaccompanied  by  Fritz's  reports,  which  were  never 
published.  It  remained  the  best  map  till  that  of 
Conclamine  (1744)  was  published.  The  ^present 
copy  follows  the  reduction  of  the  Lettres  Edifiantes 
(vol.  xii.,  p.  212). 

439.  A.  D.  1744.    The  Amazon  by  Condamine. 

Condamine  was  on  the  river  in  1743  and  1744,  and 
he  was  provided  with  better  instruments  than  Fritz 
possessed,  so  that  he  placed  points  on  the  river  as- 
tronomically with  more  accuracy.  Kohl  by  a  dotted 
line  plots  in  on  the  same  drafts,  for  comparison,  the 
survey  by  Fritz. 

440.  A.  D.  1749.    The  River  Madeira  from  Sou- 

they's  Papers. 

From  a  MS.  map  in  the  British  Museum,  which 
had  belonged  to  Robert  Southey,  when  he  was  writ- 
ing his  Hist,  of  Brazil.  It  is  a  Portuguese  map,  and 
seems  to  have  been  made  by  a  trader  from  Para. 

441.  A.  D.  1751.    The  Amazon. 

A  corrected  sketch  without  comment. 


442.   A.  D.  1769. 


The  Amazon  by  Father 
Arnick. 


After  a  Spanish  MS.  map  by  Fr.  Jose  Amich,  pre- 
served in  the  British  Museum.  Kohl  thinks  that 
Amich 's  advances  in  the  cartography  of  this  region 
were  not  well  known  for  some  time  after  1769. 

443.  A.  D.  1790.     The  Huallaga  and  Ucayali 

Rivers  by  Sobreviela. 

This  is  a  map  made  by  Father  Francisco  Manuel 
Sobreviela  in  1790,  as  corrected  by  Amadeo  Chau- 
melle  in  1830,  and  published  that  year  at  Lima. 

444.  A.  D.  1814.    The  Rivers  Ucayale  and  Hual- 

laga by  Father  Carballo. 

Father  Paule  Monso  Carballo  belonged  to  the 
Franciscan  convent  of  Ocopa  in  Peru.  He  used  the 
MS.  maps  in  the  archives  of  his  convent  which  had 
been  deposited  from  time  to  time  by  the  mission- 
aries whom  it  had  sent  out. 

445.  A.  D.  1825.    The  Amazon. 

A  MS.  Carta  geographica  das  Provincias  do  Grao 
Para  e  Rio  Negro,  Para,  1825. 

446.  A.  D.  1852.    The  Negro  and  Naupes  by 

A.  R.  Wallace. 

This  map,  made  by  Wallace  from  observations  on 
the  river  in  1850-52,  was  published  in  the  Royal 
Geographical  Society's  Journal,  xxiii. 


XVI. 

LA   PLATA. 

*#*  Cf.  sections  xii.  and  xiv. 

—  A.  D.  1515. 

"Wieser  thinks  that  the  map  in  Kunstmann  (pi.  iv.) 
is  a  Portuguese  copy  of  a  map  made  by  Solis  of  this 
date. 


447.  A.  D.  1547.    La  Plata  by  Nic.  Vallard. 

It  extends  south  to  Magellan's  straits.  From  the 
well-known  atlas  in  the  Sir  Thomas  Phillipp's  Col- 
lection, marked,  "Dieu  pour  espoir.  Nicolas  Val- 
lard de  Dieppe,  1547."  It  has  been  questioned  if 
this  was  not  the  name  of  the  owner,  rather  than  of 
the  maker  of  the  atlas,  but  Kohl  says  the  writing  is 
the  same  as  the  inscriptions  contained  on  the  maps. 
The  tropic  of  Capricorn  is  marked,  but  the  degrees 
of  latitude,  though  traced,  are  not  numbered.  The 
names  are  mostly  Portuguese,  but  with  an  occasional 
French  turn.  The  bay  of  Rio  de  Janeiro  is  drawn 
but  not  named. 

448.  A.  D.  1547.    The  Same. 

An  imperfect  sketch,  without  annotation. 

449.  A.  D.  1597.    La  Plata  by  Wytfliet. 

A  corrected  sketch,  without  annotation. 

450.  A.  D.  1 598.    Mouth  of  the  La  Plata. 

A  Dutch  map,  which  accompanied  an  account  of 
a  voyage  made  from  Holland  in  1598  by  the  Dutch 
admiral,  Lauren  Bicker. 

451.  A.  D.  1600.    La  Plata. 

A  Spanish  map  published  by  Jodocus  Hondius  in 
his  Atlas  in  1607. 

452.  A.  D.  1630-35.    Parana  and  Uruguay 
Rivers. 

The  earliest  map  constructed  by  the  Jesuit  mis- 
sionaries, and  published  by  Blaeu  in  his  Atlas.  It 
shows  the  stations  which  were  destroyed  and  those 
which  were  spared  in  the  raids  of  the  slave  hunters 
of  St.  Paulo,  1630-35. 

—  A.  D.  1651. 

La  Plata  in  Jamison's  Minor  Atlas,  ii.  421. 

453.  A.  D.  1733.    La  Plata  by  D'Anville. 

It  shows  both  coasts  of  South  America  between 
18°  and  37°  S.  lat,  and  represents  the  continent  as 
much  narrower  than  on  earlier  maps. 

454.  A.  D.  1733.    The  Same. 
Without  annotation. 

455.  A.  D.  1826.    Rio  Vermejo  by  Soria. 

A  branch  of  the  La  Plata.  This  map  was  made 
from  memory  after  Francia,  the  dictator  of  Para- 
guay, had  seized  the  papers  of  Dr.  Pablo  Soria,  who 
had  conducted  the  exploration  for  a  company  in 
Buenos  Ayres.  The  present  copy  follows  a  draft 
made  for  the  Geographical  Society  of  Paris.  Cf. 
Sir  Woodbine  Parish's  Buenos  Ayres,  London,  1839. 


XVII. 

PERU    AND   CHILI. 

***  Cf.  sections  ii.,  xii.,  and  xiii. 

456.  A.  D.  i532(?).    Peru. 

It  extends  10°  north  and  south  of  the  equator.  It 
is  French  in  language,  but  Kohl  conjectures  that  it 
follows  early  Spanish  maps  sent  home  by  Pizarro. 


THE   KOHL   COLLECTION    OF   EARLY   MAPS. 


69 


It  was  in  Jomard's  possession  when  Kohl  made  his 
copy.  The  battle  of  Caxamalca  is  sketched  in  the 
southern  part  of  the  map,  and  Kohl  believes  the 
original  draft  of  the  map  may  have  been  sent  to 
Spain  shortly  after  that  event. 

457.  A.  D.  iS32(?).    The  Same. 

An  imperfect  sketch,  without  annotation. 

458.  A.  0.1597.    Peru  by  Wytfliet. 

An  imperfect  sketch,  without  annotation. 

459.  A.  D.  1 60 1.    Peru  by  Herrera. 

Follows  an  engraved  map  in  Herrera's  Description 
de  las  Indias,  Madrid,  1601. 

460.  A.  D.  1630.    Chili,  Patagonia,  and  Magel- 

lan's Straits. 

After  a  map  in  the  Depot  de  la  Marine  in  Paris, 
made  by  the  Father  Procurator  of  the  Jesuits  in 
Chili,  who  acknowledges  his  indebtedness  to  De 
Laet,  Herrera,  and  De  Bry.  Kohl  engraves  it  in 
his  Magellan' s-Strasse. 

461.  A.  D.  1631.    Eeru  by  Jannson. 

This  map  is  a  published  one,  drawn  probably 
eclectically  from  Herrera  and  other  serviceable 
sources,  and  also  possibly  from  Dutch  reports.  The 
latitudes  are  fairly  accurate,  but  longitudes  are  not 
attempted. 

462.  A.  D.  1646.    Chili  by  Ovalle. 

It  includes  Patagonia  and  the  straits  of  Magellan; 
and  follows  Sanson's  reproduction  (1656)  of  the 
map  of  the  Jesuit  Qvalle,  engraved  in  Rome  in  1646. 
It  resembles  no.  460,  but  is  richer  in  names,  and  is 
otherwise  an  advance  upon  that  draft. 

—  A.  D.  1651. 

Peru  in  Jannson's  Atlas  Minor,  ii.  411. 

463.  A.  D.  1700!?).    New  Spain  and  Peru. 

From  a  Cruising  Voyage  round  the  World  by  Capt. 
Wcodes  Rogers,  London,  1712,  where  it  was  engraved 
by  J.  Senex.  The  book  gives  no  hint  of  the  origin 
of  the  map,  other  than  that  this  and  the  following 
no.  464  were  captured  by  Capt.  Rogers  in  the  South 
Seas. 


464.  A.  D.  i70o(?).    Chili. 

From  the  same  work  as  no.  463,  but  it  is  not  so 
accurate  a  map  for  the  time. 

465.  A.  D.  1703.    Chili  by  Delisle. 

Not  a  very  accurate  representation  of  the  best 
knowledge  of  its  time,  —  as  Kohl  thinks. 

466.  A.  D.  1712.    Peru. 

This  map  is  from  the  same  sources  as  nos.  463 
and  464,  and  comes  between  them,  in  making  a  con- 
tinuous coast  line.  Kohl  gives  it  the  date  of  Rogers' 
book,  1712,  while  he  dates  the  others  about  1700. 

467.  A.  0.1713.    Los  Moxos. 

A  Jesuit  map  of  the  province  showing  mission 
stations.  A  reduction  of  it  is  given  in  the  Lettres 
Edifiantes,  vol.  viii.  (1781)  p.  337. 

468.  A.  D.  1713.    The  Same. 
Without  annotations. 

469.  A.  D.  i767(?).    The  River  Marmore. 

An  undated  MS.  map  of  the  Bishopric  of  Santa 
Cruz  de  la  Sierra  in  Peru,  preserved  in  the  British 
Museum.  It  resembles  no.  467. 

470.  A.  0.1781.    The  Moxos  Country. 

A  small  sketch  of  the  mission-sites  in  Moxos. 

471.  A.  D.  1783.    The  Missions  of  Ocopa. 

One  of  the  earliest  maps  made  by  the  missionaries 
of  Ocopa.  It  is  preserved  in  the  British  Museum. 

472.  A.  D.  1796.    Peru  by  A.  Baleato. 

A  MS.  map  attached  to  an  official  report  (pre- 
served in  the  British  Museum)  rendered  on  a  change 
of  Viceroys  in  Peru  in  1796. 

473.  A.  D.  1835.    Excursions  about  Cusco. 

Maps  of  journeys  made  by  General  Miller,  en- 
graved in  the  Royal  Geographical  Society's  Journal, 
vol.  vi.  (1836). 

474.  A.  D.  1836.    The  Same. 
Cancelled. 


FINAL  NOTE  (Aug.  11,  1886).  In  adding  titles  of  maps  to  the  enumeration  of  Dr.  Kohl,  no  attempt  has 
been  made  to  give  all  maps,  not  mentioned  by  Kohl. 

During  the  progress  of  this  "  Contribution,"  there  has  appeared  in  the  Report  of  the  Superintendent  of  the 
U.  S.  Coast  Survey,  ending  June,  1884  (Washington,  1885),  as  Appendix  no.  19  (pp.  495-617),  a  History  of 
Discoi'ery  and  Exploration  on  the  Coasts  of  the  United  States,  by  J.  G.  Kohl,  with  this  prefatory  note  :  "  The 
historical  accounts  here  given  of  discovery  and  exploration  on  the  coasts  of  the  United  States  were  prepared 
at  the  instance  of  Professor  A.  D.  Bache,  the  superintendent  of  the  coast  survey  at  the  time  (1854)  of  Dr. 
Kohl's  visit  to  this  country.  But  a  few  years  had  then  elapsed  since  the  beginning  of  the  survey  on  the 
Pacific  coast,  and  the  want  of  an  authoritative  and  connected  account  of  early  exploration  upon  that  coast 
was  greatly  felt.  Trustworthy  data  were  needed  to  establish  the  origin  of  geographical  names,  to  decide 
disputed  points  of  orthography,  to  identify  localities  named  by  early  explorers,  and  to  show  the  condition  of 
discovery  and  fix  the  limit  of  geographical  knowledge  at  various  periods.  The  work  undertaken  by  Dr. 


70  THE   KOHL  COLLECTION   OF  EARLY  MAPS. 

Kohl  included,  in  addition  to  the  historical  account,  a  general  map  illustrating  it,  a  collection  of  maps  show- 
ing the  range  and  limits  appertaining  to  each  discoverer  and  explorer,  a  list  of  names  of  bays,  capes,  harbors, 
etc.,  with  critical  remarks  and  a  catalogue  of  books,  maps,  manuscripts,  etc.,  relative  to  discoveries. 

"  In  so  satisfactory  a  manner  was  this  work  performed  for  the  Pacific  coast,  that  Dr.  Kohl  was  asked  to 
undertake  a  similar  work  for  the  coast  of  the  Atlantic  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Upon  its  completion,  the 
entire  work  was  deposited  for  reference  in  the  archives  of  the  survey.  Means  for  its  publication  as  a  whole 
not  having  been  available,  it  has  now  been  deemed  advisable  to  publish  the  historical  portion.  To  each 
memoir  is  appended  a  list  of  the  collection  of  maps.  Some  of  these  maps  are  copied  from  originals,  others 
from  old  manuscripts  or  rare  prints,  and  those  of  more  modern  origin  are  of  interest  as  links  in  the  chain  of 
historical  connection."  The  paper  of  Kohl  which  follows  is  divided  into  three  parts :  I.,  the  Atlantic  coast ; 
II.,  the  Gulf  of  Mexico ;  III.,  the  Pacific  coast. 

If  these  "  historical  accounts  "  had  been  published  at  the  time,  thirty  years  ago,  they  would  have  shown 
the  best  results  in  this  line  of  research  then  produced.  At  the  present  date  Kohl's  views  are  in  large  part 
antiquated,  and  his  knowledge  is  in  important  particulars  insufficient  or  erroneous.  The  publication  of  the 
papers  uncorrected  and  unexplained  is,  accordingly,  an  injury  to  his  memory,  and  of  little  use  to  the  student, 
except  as  indicating  the  condition  of  knowledge  at  that  time.  Kohl,  before  he  died,  and  in  the  light  of  his 
increasing  knowledge,  spoke  disparagingly  of  the  work  he  did  at  that  time. 


